DOCUMENT RESUME ED 362 804 CG 025 065 AUTHOR Clark, Margaret Pruitt; And Others TITLE Condom Availability in Schools: A Guide for Programs. INSTITUTION Center for Population Options, Washington, DC. SPONS AGENCY Carter Wallace, Inc., New York, NY. PUB DATE Apr 93 NOTE 365p. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC15 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Adolescents; *Contraception; *Health Promotion; Legal Problems; *Prevention; *School Role; Secondary Education; Secondary School Students; Sexuality; *Venereal Diseases IDENTIFIERS *Condoms ABSTRACT This guide for condom availability programs provides information on how to build aupport for school-based condom availability programs. Chapter One explains why such a program is important. It examines behaviors and risks of sexually active adolescents, presents strategies for risk reduction, and discusses condom availability and use. Chapter Two discusses how to design a proposal, develop an action plan, and handle community reactions and media coverage. Chapter Three focuses on building community support, designing a community education campaign, working with the press, sponsoring public meetings, and responding to the opposition. Chapter Four discusses the condom availability program design team, how to design the program, staffing and training, student education and counseling, parent involvement, condom purchasing information, and budgets and financing. Chapter Five concentrates on program evaluation. Chapter Six focuses on legal issues, the school board's authority, parents' rights, and students' rights. It discusses such legal issues as condom failure and product liability, mandates for sexuality education, health services in the school, consent, and criminal liability. Pending cases on condom availability are summarized and legal principles supporting condom availability are reviewed. Chapter Seven presents case studies of three condom availability programs. Chapter Eight discusses school-based health center programs. Chapter Nine provides information on relevant organizations, books and reports, and articles. (NB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** 1CONDOM AVAILABILITY IN SCHOOLS A GUIDE FOR PROGRAMS "PERMISSION TOREPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEENGRANTED BY C. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER(ERIC)." PRODUCED BY. the anterfor U.S. DEPAITT1AENT OFEDUCATION Improvement Population Ort,ce or Eductionala Research and I DUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) reprod)ced as 0 Trus document has been organization Options received Iron, the person or originating it made to improve 0 MinOt ChallgeS have Deen reproduction quality slated in this docu Points ot view Or Optmons merit do not necessanlyrepresent olticiai OERI positron or pOlity 44 PEST COPt AWAKE _ 1025 Vermont Avenue. NW G2nter torSuite 210 PopulationWashington, DC 20005 ()lotions(202) 347-5700 Principle Authors Margaret Pruitt Clark, Executive Director Pamela Haughton-Denniston. Project Director Susan Flinn, Project Coordinator Susan Messina Contributors Christina Biddle Robin Hatziyannis Jennifer Hincks Reynolds Claudia Page Geri Peak Janet Riessman Design & Layout Gena Braveboy Robin Delany-Shabazz Charles Seagle Production David Braveboy Kathleen Farrell Rana Holland Debra Hauser Elyse Tipton Marijke Velzeboer Interns Brinton Clark Amanda Deaver Kris Keith Caroline Reynolds Funding for this Project has been provided by a grant from Carter-Wallace, Inc., maker of TROJAN93rand Condoms. CPO would like to thank the following individuals for editorial or substantive contributions to this publication: Jill Blair. Nancy Brown, Kevin Cranston. Abigail English, Brenda Green. Donald Iverson, Robert Johnson, Douglas Kirby. Mark Klein, Howard Klinck, Wendy Mahoney, Bernice Rosenthal, John Santelli, Steve Sherman, Rebecca Stone. This book was prepared by The Center for Population Options which is solely responsible for its contents. While the book was made possible by a grant from Carter-Wallace, Inc., Carter-Wallace. Inc. does not necessarily agree with the statements and opinions contained herein or the results of studies cited herein. CONDOMAVAIIABILITY,MSCHOOLS;,,,k0UIDE FORTROGRAMS - INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE: MAKING THE CASE 1 I. YOUM AT RISK 1 A. Behaviors and Risks of Sexually Active Adolescents 1 II. STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING ME RISK 2 A. Encouraging Abstinence 2 B. Encouraging Condom Use 3 III.BARRIERS TO CONDOM ACCESS AND USE 4 IV.FACTORS THAT INCREASE IATEX CONDOM USE 5 V. A PREVENTION STRATEGY MAT MAKES SENSE 5 VI.CONDOM AVAILABILITY AS PART OF A COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM 6 VII. ATTACHMENTS 8 A. The Facts: Condom Efficacy and Use Among Adolescents B.The Facts: Adolescents and Condoms C.The Facts: Adoleicents, AIDS and HIV D.The Facts: Adolescents and Sexually Transmitted Diseases E.The Facts: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy and Parenthood F. The Facts: Adolescent Males and Teen Pregnancy G.The Facts: Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Youth: At Risk and Underserved H.The Facts: Adolescent Substance Use and Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior I. Excerpt from the 24th Annual Gallup/Phi Delta Kappa Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools CHAPTER TWO: DEVELOPING POLICY 9 I. PROVIDING LEADERSHIP 10 A. Establishing the Context for a Proposal 10 B. Developing an Action Plan 11 C. Obtaining Assistance 11 D.Preparing for Community Debate 12 E. Gauging Community Support Through Public Opinion Surveys 13 F. Planning for Media Coverage 13 II. MAKING POLICY DECISIONS 15 A. School Board Procedures 15 B.Anticipating Community Reaction 18 III.ATTACHMENTS 19 A. School HIV/AIDS Education: State Requirements/ Recommendations B. Cities or Schools with School Condom Availability Programs C.How Schools Work and How to Work With Schools: A Guide for Health Professionals, National Association of State Boards of Education, introduction and purchasing information. D. Condom Availability Policies: 1. New York City Board of Education 2. Los Angeles Unified School District Board of FAucation (Excerpt from minutes) 3. Massachusetts State Board of Education v TABLE OF CONTENTS 4. Philadelphia Board of Education 5. Adams County, Colorado, School District #14 6. Recommendations for Policy: Governor's Committee on AIDS. Hawaii 7. San Francisco Unified School Distxict E. Editorial Support for Condom Policy: 1. The Baltimore Sun, Baltimore, October 25, 1990 2. The Baltimore Sun, Baltimore, November 21, 1990 3. The Boston Globe, Boston, February 20, 1990 4. The Boston Globe, Boston, June 13. 1992 5. The Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia, June 26, 1991 6. The Washington Post, Washington, May 13, 1992 7. The Washington Post, Washington, April 14, 1992 CHAPTER THREE: WORKING WITH THE COMMUNITY I. BUILDING COMMUNTTY SUPPORT 21 A. Organizing a Coalition for Advocacy 21 B.Identifying Stakeholders 25 C.Enlisting Experts 25 IL DESIGNING A COMMUN/TY EDUCATION CAMPAIGN 26 A. Outreach to Other Community Groups 26 B. Outreach to Community Leaders 27 C.Working with Students 29 WORKING yam THE PRESS 32 A. Planning Your Media Campaign 32 B.The Spokesperson and Interviews 32 C.The Press Information Packet 33 D.Building Relationships with the Media 33 E. Methods for Approaching the Media 34 F. Evaluating Press Relations 35 IV.SPONSORING PUBLIC MEETINGS 35 V. RESPONDING TO ME OPPOSMON 36 A. Suggested Responses to Arguments Against Condom Availability Programs 37 - VI.ATTACHMENTS 41 A. Stakeholders Analysis Worksheet B. Statement in Support of Condom Availability Programs in Public Schools C.Sample Organizational Statement, American School Health Association, Approved October 1992 D.Sample Testimony: New York City Commissioner of Health E.Sample Coalition Activities: Washington D.C. Condom Availability Coalition 1. Organizational Endorsement Form 2. Petition 3. Sign-on letter 4. Press Release 5. Colleague Letter to City Council Members' F. Sample Letter: Chicago Community-Based Organizations 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS G.Involving Youth 1. Sample Testimony 2. Student Petitions 3. Sample Activity: Condom Hunt H.Sample Legislation Supporting Condom Access and Use 1. Boston City Council 2. Resolution Declaring National Condom Awareness Week I. Guest Editorials and Columns 1. "Condoms in the Schools: The Right Lesson," Paul Epstein, The New York Times. January 20, 1991 2. 'To Save Our Children's lAves," Linda W. Cropp, The Washington Post, May 13, 1992 J. Sample Advertisement, The Emergency Task Force on FIW/AIDS, New York City K. Sample Radio Advertisements, Families Concerned About AIDS, New York City L. The Center for Population Options Responds to Negative Articles on School-Based Health Centers CHAPTER FOUR: DESIGNING A CONDOM AVAILABILITY PROGRAM I. THE DESIGN TEAM 43 A. Membership 43 11. DESIGNING THE PROGRAM 44 A. Setting Goals and Objectives 44 B. Selecting Design Features 45 C. Program Components: Who, What, When, Where and How 45 M. STAFFING AND TRAINING 48 A. Selecting Staff 48 B.Training 50 N. STUDENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING COMPONENTS 53 A. Education 53 B. Counseling and Referral 53 V. VALUE OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT 54 A. Parent Education and Input 55 B.Active and Passive Parental Consent 56 VI. CONDOM PURCHASING INFORMATION AND OPTIONS 59 A. Choosing Which Condoms to Order 59 B. Instructions 60 C.How Many Condoms to Order 61 VII. BUDGETS AND FINANCING 61 A. Direct Costs 61 B. Potential Sources of Funding 62