3·1~1v-1-J ARCHEOLOGICAL RESOURCE STUDY AND CLEARANCE FOR THE DISCOVERY CENTER PROJECT AT THE HENRY HOUSE, MANASSAS NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD PARK MANASSAS, VIRGINIA Mia T. Parsons and John W. Ravenhorst, Editors With Contributions by: Andrew S. Lee and Erika K. Martin Seibert Graphics by John W. Ravenhorst Report Prepared by the Archeology Program, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park For Manassas National Battlefield Park 2002 P•. Ehtit f'..[flJRN TO: TECHNICAL !NrORMATION CENTER DENVER SERVICE CENTER t ;"J~ONAL Pf,RI< ~i;:~tf1CF - - - - - ------------------------ TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ..................................................... ., ................................................................................. ix Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................... xi Management Summary ....................................................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1. Site History by Andrew Lee................................................................................................ 1 Early Land Ownership and Settlement Patterns ......................................................... 1 The Middle Bull Run Tract and Pittsylvania ................ 0 •• 0 00 00 0 00 0 0. 0 0 •••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••••• 3 The Lower Bull Run Tract ........................................................................................... 4 The £,arly Years ofSpring Hill Farm .......................................................................... 4 Elizabeth Carter's Occupancy ..................................................................................... 6 The Henry Family ........................................................................................................ 8 Agricultural Use ofSpring Hill Farm, 1820-1860 ................................................... 11 The Civil War ............................................................................................................ 12 Memorializing and Rebuilding.................................................................................. 20 Federal Ownership of the Henry House ................................................................... 30 Chapter 2. Summary ofExcavations at the Henry House by Mia T. Parsons ................................... 35 Previous Archeology .................................................................................................... 35 Summary of Excavations ............................................................................................. 39 Megastratum I ........................................................................................................... 44 Megastratum 11 .......................................................................................................... 50 Megastratum III. ........................................................................................................ 66 Archeological Clearance for Section 106 .................................................................... 66 Chapter 3. Minimum Vessel/Colonoware Analysis by Erika K. Martin Seibert ............................... 69 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 69 A Background for the Study of Colonoware ............................................................... 70 African-American History, Historical Archeology, and Material Culture ............. 70 African Americans in the Manassas Area................................................................. 73 Colonoware Research ............................................................................................... 74 Colonoware Found at Manassas National Battlefield Park .................................... 76 JJ1 - --- ------- - -~ Colonoware at the Henry House .................................................................................. 78 Methodology .............................................................................................................. 79 Summarizing and Interpreting the Data and Future Research ................................ 81 Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 89 Chapter 4. Summary and Recommendations by Mia T. Parsons ....................................................... 91 Summary.................................................................................................................... 91 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 94 References Cited ................................................................................................................................ 95 Appendix I. Landon Carter's Will .............................................................................................. I. I Appendix Il. 1822 Deed From Elizabeth Carter's Executors to Isaac Henry ............................ II. I Appendix III. Prince William County Census Records 1810-1920 ............................................ III.l Appendix IV. Inventory of Elizabeth Carter's Estate ................................................................ .IV. I Appendix V. Account of Elizabeth Carter's Estate with Robert H Hooe ................................. V. l Appendix VI. Account of Elizabeth Carter's Estate with Robert Hamilton ............................... VI.1 Appendix VII. Elizabeth Carter's Will ....................................................................................... VII. I Appendix VIII. Isaac Henry's Estate Account. ........................................................................... VIII. l Appendix IX Account of Sales oflsaac Henry's Estate ............................................................ .IX I Appendix X. Judith Henry Will ................................................................................................... XI Appendix XI. Hugh Fauntleroy, Sr. 's Will... ............................................................................... XI. I Appendix XII. Excavation Unit Summaries ............................................................................... XII. I Appendix XIII. Artifact Inventory .............................................................................................. XIII. I Appendix XIV. Minimum Vessel Tables .................................................................................... XIV.l IV LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location of the Henry House, Manassas National Battlefield Park. ............................. xiii Figure 2. Robert "King" Carter. ........................................................................................................ 1 Figure 3. Major-General Irvin McDowell ...................................................................................... 13 Figure 4. Federal Units Charge up the Henry House Hill .............................................................. 14 Figure 5. General P. G. T. Beauregard ........................................................................................... 15 Figure 6. Captain John D. Imboden ................................................................................................ 15 Figure 7. Captain James B. Ricketts ............................................................................................... 16 Figure 8. Captain James B. Fry ....................................................................................................... 16 Figure 9. Drawing Based on Fremaux's Sketch of the Henry House as it Appeared After the Battle ................................................................................................ 17 Figure 10. Leon Fremaux's Manuscript Map and Profile of Bull Run ............................................ 18 Figure 11. An Engraving of the Bartow Monument Showing the Henry House ............................. 18 Figure 12. David B.Woodbury's Photograph Entitled "Mrs. Henry's House at Bull Run" ............ 19 Figure 13. George N. Barnard's Photograph of the Ruins of the Henry House ............................... 19 Figure 14. The Henry Hill Monument .............................................................................................. 22 Figure 15. Henry Hill Monument Dedication Ceremony, June 11, 1865 ........................................ 22 Figure 16. The Henry House as it Appeared ca. 1889 ...................................................................... 24 Figure 17. Hugh Fauntleroy Henry, ca. 1896 ................................................................................... 24 Figure 18. Interpretive Sign Placed by Hugh F. Henry .................................................................... 25 Figure 19. 1904 U.S. Army Peacetime Maneuvers Near the Henry House ..................................... 26 Figure 20. Manassas National Jubilee Banner.. ................................................................................ 28 Figure 21. Commemorative Activities of the Jubilee at the Henry Farm ........................................ 28 Figure 22. Railroad Advertisement for the Jubilee .......................................................................... 28 Figure 23. The Henry