•mrjumss/ams, msi 'mxi mM •':'' i^-': > iki'm-. M^^-mm ''•ii:A*/i: .'11- m :l/r 4^V4^i S^';Yj:i V/. 6>f ;• '^^W'''Jv>/>w:v5 .''J I Book Jlia i 2^7 HINDUSTANI AND ENGLISH GLOSSAEY LONDON PBINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO. KEW-STKEET SQUABB GLOSSARY HINDUSTANI & ENGLISH NEW TESTAMENT AND PSALMS i^ oo BY u COTTON MATHER LATE ASSISTANT PEOFESSOB OF HUS-DUSTAITI AT ADDISCOMBE COLLEGE LONDON LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, AND ROBERTS 1861 ^ ^1" -? PREFACE. In the early part of 1857, the British and Foreign Bible Society resolved on printing, in the Roman character, a Hindustani version of the Bible with references, and also two separate editions of the New Testament and Psalms, one having the English translation in opposite columns ; and it was considered desirable that these last mentioned portions of Holy Writ should be accompanied by a Glossary containing the literal and other meanings of the various words found in them. The Glossary has been compiled, first by making a careful analysis of each verse, and then by a comparison of passages in which the several words occur. The author therefore trusts that he has made no omissions likely to interfere with a full understanding of the text. As there are some variations of reading between the Bible and the reprints of the New Testament and Psalms, care has been taken to explain all words in whatever part they may occur. Hitherto, it has been the practice in Hindustani Dic- tionaries, to mark the primary and other meanings of VI PREFACE. words by figures, and to add a few of the more general idioms. This, however, although affording considerable assistance to the learner, by no means sets before him the plastic character of the language or the riches contained in it. Thus, for example, as the primary root is in most cases the only one found in the Dictionary, a large number of extremely effective compounds formed from it are alto- gether excluded ; nor will the learner find a hint of the preference given to the intensive over the primitive verb by the natives of India, both in writing and in speech. With regard to the inflections great doubt has arisen, owing to the absolute silence of Dictionaries as to the power of inflection possessed by many words. To obviate as far as possible these inconveniences the following rules have been followed in compiling this work : — 1. Such words as were considered capable of inflec- tion have been carefully marked. 2. Compound verbs and parts of verbs have, in some cases, been inserted under the primary root, while in others they have been placed separately, as seemed most calculated to catch the eye of the reader. 3. All the idioms occurring in the New Testament and Psalms have been carefuUy noticed, and where it appeared advisable, owing to differences between the English and Hindustani, the passages have been inserted. For such additions as seemed suitable the reader is referred to the Addenda. The Grammar referred to in some parts of this work is PREFACE. Vll Professor Monier Williams' "Easy Introduction to Hin- dustani," published by Messrs. Longman. I have to give my warmest thanks to Sir Charles Trevelyan for the kind interest he has manifested in the work, and to Professor Monier Williams, the Eev. E. C. Mather, and Mr. T. K. Fuller, for the valuable assistance they have afforded me in correcting the proof sheets and in offering many important suggestions. COTTON MATHER. July, 1861. The Anglo-Hindustani Alphabet, with the Powers of the Letters. AU, au, as OH in spoilt. ^AU, 'au, "j A, «, as in ced«r. 'A, 'a, a\ 1 The same, but gutturally — flrt, a\\. 'a, «', pronounced. A%d, 'A\ j AI, ai, — a/sle. AI, 'ai, af, J B,b, — but. CH, ch, — church. D,d, — c?uke. I),d, — c?rain, the tip of the tongue being turned upwards. E,e, — there. F.A — /ind. G,g, — ^0. G.g. — ^host, but more from the throat, as in gargling. HJu — Aero. Ih — m '/, 'i, i\ "1 The same, but gutturally '/', r, h — pol/ee. 'f, r, J pronounced. JJ. — just. K,h, — Aeep. KH, M, — ch in loch. A/, — Zittle. M, w, — wian. N,n, — wose. N,n, nasal, as in the French word ' bow.' 0,0, as in go. P.P. — j»at. Q,q, — ^uoit. R,r, — race. ^, r, strongly aspirated, as in the French ' eternel.' S,s, as in ^'V SH, sh, — she. T,t, — ^un. T,t, — ifrue, the tip of the tongue being turned upwards. ' U,'u, — bw.ll. tz; 'u, u\ \ The same, but gutturally V\u, — rule. 'U\ 'w, u\ J pronounced. V, V, — yine. W,w, — z^as. Y,y, — ^ou. Z,z, — zeal. ABBEEVIATIONS. adv. postpos. = adverbial postposition. adv. prep. = adverbial preposition. cf. = conferte. lit. r= literally. neg. particle = negative particle. part. = participle. part. adj. = participial adjective. pers. =: person. pres. part. r= present participle. q.v. = quid vide. rel. pron. = relative pronoun. GLOSSAET OF THE HINDUSTANI NEW TESTAMENT AND PSALMS. A. ABIYAH. £ is the root of the verb and, to 1 Cor. 8.13, stands for the En- come, and is frequently used with glish phrase, ' while the world other verbs to form compounds, standeth.' — abad tak bona, to en- such as a chukna, to have already dure for ever.— abad ul abad, for come, a pahunclma, to arrive. It ever and ever, for evermore.—abad is also used as the 2nd pers. impe- ul abad tak, for ever and ever. rative ' come thou ', and the conjunc- abad, adj. cultivated, populous, tive participle ' having come.^ peopled.— abad rahna, to dwell, and a'amal, s. m. (Arabic plur. of in Matt. 12. 25, ' to stand: 'amal) works, acts, deeds, and in Abaddon, n. prop. Abaddon. Ps. 99. 8, as equivalent to ' inven- abadi, adj. everlasting, eternal, tiojis.' perpetual, for ever, for ever and ab, adv. now. In Luke 20. 15, ever.— abadi bona, to endure for it is used for ' therefore.'—ab bhi, ever. already.— ab ke, at this time.— ab abadi, s. f. population or in- se, henceforth, from henceforth, habitants, fulness, habitation. henceforward, hereafter. — ab tak, 'abas, adj. vain, adv. vainly, in until now, hitherto, yet, as yet. vain.—'abas bona, to be vain. ab, s. m. water. — ab i hayat, abba, Abba. water of life. abhi^ adv. now, even now, im- aba* s. m. father.<i. (Arabic mediately, already, yet, as yet, of plural of abii.) late, by and by. ababil, s. m. a sivallow, iibilini, n. prop. Abilene. abad, s. m. everlasting. It oc- Abimalik, n. prop. Abimelech. curs in the Psalms in the phrase, Abiraliam, n. prop. Abraham. azal se abad tak, from everlasting Abirazu, n. prop. Abiram. and to everlasting. — abad tak, to Abisalum, n. prop. Absalom. everlasting, for ever, for ever and Abiiid, n. prop. Abiud. ever, for evermore, ever, and in Abiyah, n. prop. Ahia. 1 B ABIYATHAE. AFSOS. Abiyatbar, n. prop. Abiaihar, karnd, to hate.—'adawat rakhna, abr, s. m. a cloud. to hate.—^'adawat rakh sakna, to he acbambba (e), s. m. a strange able to hate. thing, a wonder, a miracle. — a- Addi, n. prop. Addi. chambha dikhanewala, one who adb-ser, half a seer. (A'dh in works miracles. composition means half, and the seer acbanak, adv. suddenly, UU' is a variable weight, bui generally awares. about 2 lbs. avoirdupois.) acbcbba (e,i), adj.g-ooc?, well, adba (e, i), adj. half. — adhi beautiful, commodious, very worthy, rat ko, at or about midnight. single. — achchha ho jana, to he adbar, s. m. vacuity. — adkar made whole.—achclilia karna, to do men rakbna, to make to doubt. well.—achchlie se achcKha, best. — adbela, s.m. half a paisd = g\ achchhe kam karna, well-doing. — of a rupee. In Mark 12. 42, it is I achcbhi tarali, well, clearly, wisely. used to translate ' a farthing.'' 2L cbukna, v. n. to have already adb-mua (e, £), adj. half-dead. come. adb-ura (e, £), adj. immature, ada, s. f. payment, performance, untimely. — ada hona, to be paid. — ada 'adil, a.di].just, righteous karna, to perform, pay, pay off, 'adl, s. m. justice, judgment.— repay, requite, render.— ada kiya 'adl karna, to execute judgment. jana {passive of ada karna), to he admi, s. m. a man, a human performed. being, a descendant of Adam, a adab, s. m. reverence, correction ? person, a son of man, a husband. — adab dena, to correct. — adab admizada, s. m. a son of man. karna, to reverence. adna (e, i), adj. low, beggarly. 'adad, s. m. number; in Psalm AdraxQutteni, adj. of Adra- 139. 17, '5u/n.' myttium. 'adalat, s. f. court of justice, Adria, n. prop. Adria. judgment, justice.—'adalat i haqq, Adum, n. prop. Idumcea, Edom. righteous judgment. — 'adalat ke Adumi, s. m. an Edomite. din tak, unto judgment. — 'adalat ae. See verb ana, to come. karna {governs gen. in ki), to judge, afa'i, s.m.. an adder. to minister judgment, to defend.— Afasus, n. prop. Ephesus. 'adalat ka takht, judgment-seat.— afat, s. f. trouble, misery, anguish, \id^at kiya jana, to be judged.— plague, calamity, evil. — afat-zada, 'adalat karnewala, s. m. a judge. abided. 'adalatgab, s. f. council, judg- Afiya, n. prop. Apphia. ment-seat. Afkuri, s. m. An Epicurean, A^dam, n. prop. Adam. aflak, s. m. {Arabic plur. oj adaznzad, s. m. son of man. falak) heaven, heavens. 'adat, s. f. a practice or deed^ Afsi, s. m. a man of Ephesus, manners, u^e. an Ephesian. 'adawat, s. f. haired.—'addwat afsos, s. m. uwe, mourning.