DISTRICT HEATING DISTRICT HEATING District heating is a separate energy system that forms FACTS a natural part of the energy supply for towns and cities ππ Aπdistrictπheatingπsystemπcompriseπ and densely populated areas. Statkraft is a European ofπthreeπparts:πAnπexchangerπ unitπ(atπtheπcustomer),πaπheatingπ leader within renewable energy and focuses on further productionπplantπandπaπdistrictπ development of district heating in the Nordic region. heatingπgrid.πHeatπisπtransferredπ fromπtheπdistrictπheatingπgridπtoπtheπ Because the heat distribution takes place locally, district customer’sπownπheatingπsystemπinπ heating is likely to be developed in close collaboration theπcustomerπexchangeπunit. with local authorities and end users. ππ Theπmostπcommonπenergyπsourcesπ forπdistrictπheatingπareπwaste,π biofuel,πheatπpumps,πlandfillπgas,π PRINCIPLE FOR DISTRICT HEATING Theseπincludeπwaste,πbiofuel,πheatπ naturalπgas,πpropane/butaneπgas,π Districtπheatingπinvolvesπtheπheatingππ pumps,πlandfillπgas,πnaturalπgas,πpro- electricityπandπfuelπoil. ofπwater.πInπpracticeπaπdistrictπheatingπ pane/butaneπgas,πelectricityπandπfuelπoil.π plantπcanπbeπlinkedπtoπaπcentralπheatingπ Severalπdifferentπenergyπsourcesπcanπbeπ ππ Statkraftπownsπdistrictππ systemπthatπsuppliesπoneπorπseveralπ usedπatπtheπsameπtimeπinπaπsingleπdistrictπ heatingπplantsπinπTrondheim,π buildingsπwithπhotπwater.πTheπhotπwaterπ heatingπsystem.πThisπresultsπinπaπstableπ Klæbu,πPorsgrunn,πHorten,πJarlsøπ andπTønsbergπthroughπTrondheimπ andπflexibleπsupplyπofπheatπtoπtheππcus- circulatesπbetweenπtheπheatπproductionπ EnergiπandπSkagerakπVarme.π plantπandπtheπcustomerπinπinsulatedππ tomers.πIfπaπparticularπenergyπsourceπisπ undergroundπsteelπpipes.πTheπpipesππ unavailableπforπaπperiodπofπtime,πanotherπ ππ Productionπofπ530πGWhπofπ sourceπcanπbeπusedπtoπheatπtheπwaterπ areπoftenπlaidπtogetherπwithπotherπinfra- districtπheatingπeachπyearπcoversπ structureπsuchπasπtelecommunicationπ thatπisπdistributedπtoπtheπcustomers. aroundπ30πpercentπofπheatingπ linesπandπelectricityπcables,πandπexperi- requirementsπinπTrondheim.π enceπaverageπheatπlossesπofπaroundππ Expressionsπsuchπasπbaseπloadπandπpeakπ tenπpercent. loadπareπoftenπusedπinπconnectionπwithπ ππ TheπplantsπatπPorsgrunn,πHorten,π districtπheating,πwhereπtheπbaseπloadπisπ JarlsbøπandπTønsbergπproduceπ Customersπuseπtheπwaterπtoπprovideπ likelyπtoπconsistπofπwasteπorπbiofuel,πandπ aroundπ25πGWhπofπdistrictπheatingπ heatingπthroughπunder-floorπheatingππ theπpeakπloadπofπoilπorπgas.πTheπbaseπloadπ perπannum.π orπradiators,πandπtoπheatπtapπwater.πππ isπtheπcheapestπenergyπsource.πHowever,π Aπnumberπofπdifferentπenergyπsourcesππ majorπvariationsπinπcapacityπrequirementsπ ππ InπSwedenπStatkraftπVärmeπABπ areπusedπtoπgenerateπdistrictπheating.π overπtheπcourseπofπaπyearπmeanπthatπaπ generatesπ320πGWhπeachπyear,π basedπonπwoodπpellet-firedπ heatingπcentresπinπKungsbacka,π Alingsås,πTrosa,πVagnhäradππ andπÅmål.π ππ Statkraftπaimsπtoπachieveπfurtherπ growthπwithinπdistrictπheating,π andπisπapplyingπforπlicencesπtoπ bothπexpandπtheπexistingπdistrictπ heatingπgridπandπconstructπnewπ HeatπProductionπPlant districtπheatingπfacilitiesπviaπwhollyπ andπpartlyπownedπsubsidiaries. hotπwaterππππ Shop cooledπwaterππππ School Residenceπ Updated September 2009 Statkraft and district heating ππ 2001: StatkraftπpurchasesπTrondheimπ ππ 2004: Statkraftπdecidesπtoπconstructπaπ ππ 2005: SkagerakπVarmeπstartsπoperationπ Energiπandπtakesπoverπdistrictπheatingπ newπcombustionπlineπatπHeimdalπheatingπ ofπtheπdistrictπheatingπplantπatπKalnesππ activitiesπconnectedπtoπHeimdalπheatπ centre,πandπconstructionπstartsπinπAugustπ atπTønsberg,πwhichπisπbasedπonπnaturalππ roductionπplant,πbasedπonπwasteπfromππ theπsameπyear.ππ gasππandπelectricity.ππ theπcityπofπTrondheimπandπtheπneigh- bouringπlocalπcommunities.π ππ 2004: SkagerakπVarmeπcommencesπ ππ 2007: Theπnewπcombustionπlineπatπ operationπofπtheπdistrictπheatingπplantππ Heimdalπheatπproductionπplantπentersπ ππ 2003: SkagerakπVarmeπtakesπoverπtheπ atπPorsgrunn,πwhereπproductionπisπ85π operation.πTheπannualπheatπproductionπ heatπpumpsπdistrictπheatingπplantπatπ percentπbasedπonπsurplusπheatπfromπ becomesπ530πGWh.π Horten. fertilizerπproductionπatπHerøya.π ππ 2009:πStatkraftπtakesπoverπfiveπdistrictπ heatingπplantsπinπSweden.π peakπloadπisπrequired,πwhichπisπgenerallyπaπ sentsπtheπmainπheatingπsourceπatπ renewableπenergyπsources.πWaterborneπ moreπexpensiveπenergyπsource.πAπpeakπloadπ Statkraft’sπSwedishπplants. heatπcreatesπaπgoodπindoorπclimate.πTheπ isπalsoπrequiredπinπorderπtoπguaranteeπsecu- circulatingπwaterπhasπaπtemperatureπofππ rityπofπsupply. IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT betweenπ50-80°C,πandπthereπareπnoππ Districtπheatingπbasedπonπrenewableπener- problemsπwithπdustπcombustionπandππ InπTrondheimπenergyπwasteπrepresentsπ gyπsourcesπhasπaπpositiveπenvironmentalπ electromagneticπfields. theπlargestπandπmostπimportantπenergyπ effectπasππthisπformπofπheatingπcanπreplaceπ sourceπasπwellπasπtheπbaseπloadπforπtheπ lessπenvironmentalπfriendlyπheatingπsuchπ districtπheatingπsystem.πBioenergyπrepre- asπfuelπoilπorπelectricityπbasedπonπnon-π HEIMDAL PRODUCTION PLANT Heimdalπproductionπplantπliesπatπtheππ Heimdalπheatingπcentreπinπ heartπofπtheπdistrictπheatingπactivitiesπinπ Trondheim,πNorway. Trondheim.πBehindπtheπmajesticπglassππ facade,πtheπwasteπisπconvertedπintoπenvi- ronmentalπfriendlyπheat.π Theπmainπsourceπforπheatingπisπmunicipalπ solidπwaste,πwhichπaccountsπforπnearlyπ70π percentπofπdistrictπheatingπproduction.ππTheπ wasteπcomesπfromπtheπentireπCentralπNor- wayπregion,πfromπSaltfjelletπinπtheπnorthπtoπ Dovreπinπtheπsouth.πEachπyearπtheπplantπcanπ burnπmoreπthanπ200π000πtonnesπofπwaste.π Theπplantπisπsubjectπtoπstringentπenviron- mentalπrequirements.πEachπofπtheπthreeπ furnacesπhasπitsπownπcleaningπfacilityπforπ removingπparticle-πandπgaseoulsπpollution.π Muchπofπtheπwasteπthatπisπburnedπatπtheπ plantπcomprisesπrenewableπenergy.π Thisπreducesπtheπamountπofπoilπandπelectri- Inπaddition,πmanyπbuildingsπinπTrondheimπ Heimdalπheatπproductionπplantπprovidesπaπ calπpowerπusedπbyπcustomersπforπheating.π wereπconstructedπincorporatingπelectricalπ goodπexampleπofπhowπrecyclingπcanπbenefitπ Aπnumberπofπlargeπcommercialπbuildings,π heating.πSupplyingπtheseπwithπdistrictπ theπenvironment! schoolsπandπotherπinstitutionsπpreviouslyπ heatingπreducesπtheπamountπofπelectricityπ hadπtheirπownπoilπboilers,πwhichπhaveπnowπ usedπforπheating.πTogether,πtheseπtwoππ beenπreplacedπbyπdistrictπheating.ππ factorsπhelpπreduceπlocalπemissions..