LEAGUE OF NATIONS V O L U M E I I I 1 9 2 0 WORLD P EACE FOUNDAT ION 40 M T . ER NON STR E E T B OSTO V , N ‘F‘O U N D E D I N 1 9 1 0 B Y EDW l N G um The corporation is constituted for the purpose of educating the people e o es uc ve ess of war of all nations to a full knowl dge f the waste and d tr ti n , its evil effects on present social conditions and on the well being of future and mo e e us ce and the o oo generations, to pro t int rnational j ti br therh d ma and e e er rac ca me s to m eace of n ; , gen rally, by v y p ti l an pro ote p « a w o h Cor rat o . and goo d m g: all mankn . E r/ llo s f t e po i n will a on i d u I S s i e h r u k duc ou the sc o It to thi pat nt and t o o gh wor of e ation , thr gh ho l , the c e e the chu ch e s th m e and the book a he oll g , r : th p res , e pa phl t , th t t ‘ — E C n World Peace Foundation addresses itself . dwin in . s v The idea of force can not at once be eradicated. It i s u eless to belie e that the nations can be persuaded to disban d their present armies and d sm e e ese es us each ot e the H ue i antl th ir pr nt navi , tr ting in h r or in ag u se e an oss e ffe e ces be ee em u ess s Trib nal to ttl y p ibl di r n tw n th , nl , fir t . some substitute for the existing forces is provided and demonstrated b e er e ce be e u e to ec the s n and e y xp i n to ad q at prot t right , dig ity t rritory es M f h ea c of the r pective nations. y own belie is that t e id whi h underlies the movement for the Hague Court can be developed so that the nations can be persuaded each to contribute a small percentage of their military c s a sea f m ernatio a G a d or Po ice F for e t and on land to or an I nt n l u r l orce. d E win Cinn . * l uco r o r ated nder th e l a w s of M a ssach se tts J l 1 2 1 9 1 0 as th e I n terna tio na l Sch o o l p u u , u y , , f P e ac e a me c h n Wo rl P e n tio n D emb 2 10 o . a ed to d ea c o da ec er 2 1 9 N g F u , , A LEAG UE OF NATIONS P u bli shed Bimonthly by WORLD PEACE FOUNDATION 40 MT . ERNON STREET BOSTON M ASS V , , . h s ub scr in a d a nce o r fo fiv T e n ce i s 25 C . e r e a r e e a s i ptio pri p y r v , y r . P ce s i n ua nt t s n a n ri q i ie o a ppli c t io . G ene a Sec e a Ed a d Cumm n s . r l r t ry , w r i g d n Se C es n c et a a nd an D n s P . M e rs . orr po i g r ry , Librari , e y y C ONTENTS - EB - NOS. 1 2 F RUARY APRIL , , 1920 Th r ee M on th s of th e Lea gue of Na tion s INTRODUCTION TREATY OF VE RSAILLE S COME S INTO FORCE Neutral s invited to acce de Membership in the Lea gue Ratification of th e Treaty of Versailles States invited to accede to the Covenant ’ Fresh chapte r in world s history ORG ANIZATION OF T H E L E AG UE OF NATIONS Preliminary decisions as to organization T en sections already organize d Political Sec tion Le gal Section Economic and Finance Sec tion Adminis trative Commiss ions Section Transit Sec tion Information Se ction Mandate s Sec tion International B ureaus Registry of Tre atie s International Health Organ i za tl on mm s s Armaments Co i ion . Clerical and Financial Staff ‘ Or ganization Of La b or Expenses of th e Le ague Of Nations T H E COUN CIL OF T H E LE AG UE ME E TS Call for th e first mee ting Representatives on th e Council T h e pur pose of th e League “ Date Of birth of th e n ew World D uties of Le ague unde r treaty B ritish Empire pled ge s loyalty Rests upon facts of nationhood T0 brin g relief from armame nts ’ Ita ly s ideals a s League Membe r B ene fits will bring appreciation Brazil speaks f o r th e Americas Absence of America at sec ond mee ting All decisions given in public ’ B alfour confident of Lea gue s future Third and fourth mee tings . ACTION OF T H E COUNCIL e s l . T h Saar ba in Government of th e basin Proclamation to th e pe ople 2 ze l . Admission of Swit r and Tender of hospitality to Lea gue Re port on Lea gue an d vote to accede Negotiations with th e powers ’ Lea gue s Council hears report Le ague Counc il vote s res olution n Not to wait lo g er for America . 3 . Free City of Danz ig Th e ems D z probl of an ig . 4 . Perma nent Court of Internationa l Justl ce Th e Hague Court that now exists e ce e ees e e em P a conf r r f r probl to Le ague . Immediate organization re quired Committee of jurists a ppoin ted Root with committee in June 5 . Inte rnational Financial Conf erence Council votes to c onvene conf erence Twenty-five states invited United States asked to participate em a ese e c ze s th e U ed a e s M ori l pr nt d by iti n of nit St t , U i e n m e th e e e s ze n t d Ki gdo , Franc , N th rland , Swit r a e e e m a nd e res ec l nd , Sw d n , D n ark Norway to th ir p e e me s on u 14 - 15 1 9 20 tiv Gov rn nt Jan ary , ’ Germany s and Aus tria 5 burdens . Suggeste d methods of c o operation Le tte r of th e B ritish Chancellor of th e Exche quer to th e B ritish memorialists Bring expenditures within rece ipts B a rit in willing to participate . 6 . Investigation of Russian conditions Council re que sted to act Lea gue lays down conditions . B ol shevists asked to state attitude La bor B ureau c ompletes plans o f ibe r l an s e s . 7 . Repa triation and re supplying S pri on r i 8 . Th e future status of Armen a 9 . Protection of minorities in Turkey 1 0 . Polish minorities trea ty No . 3 UNE 20 , J , 19 Th e League Campaign in th e Swiss and Ameri can Repub li cs — P ar t I Swi ss C ommen tary on th e Covenan t I NTRODUCTION TH E SWISS COM ME NTARY ON T H E COV E NANT Why the Re public voted to join th e League as se t forth in Message of th e Fed eral Coun cil to th e Fed eral Assembly Law without protec tion grea test danger T h e Le ague of Nations and present inte rna tional law E ARTICL 1 . Sta tes no t invited to adh ere Time and method s of ad hesion Conditions of later admission ARTICLE 2 ARTICLE 3 ARTICLE 4 Additions to Counc il ARTICLE 5 ARTICLE 6 ARTICLE 7 e s c e N gotiation con erning G ne va. Duties of Switze rland ARTICLE S 8 A N D 9 m m me s Li itation of ar a nt . Exchange of information ARTICLE 1 0 Direc te d against wars of conquest ARTICLE 1 1 ARTICLE 1 2 Certain kinds of war suppressed Moral progress made Aims to settle disputes quickly ARTICLE 1 3 A RT I C L E 1 4 ARTICLE 15 Problem of sec uring unanimity “ % Parties means th e disputants ARTICLE 1 6 Mutual support equalize s risks Consequences of not participating m sanc tions Violation of pac ific proc ed ure clear ARTICLE 1 7 ART I CLE 18 ARTICLE 1 9 ARTICLE 20 ARTI CLE 21 ARTI CLE 22 ARTICLE 23 s ns ma be ea z e How provi io y r li d .