Birmingham City School of Law BritishBritish JoJournalurnal ofof British Journal of American Legal Studies | Volume 7 Issue 1 7 Issue Legal Studies | Volume British Journal of American British Journal of American Legal Studies | Volume 8 Issue 2 8 Issue Legal Studies | Volume British Journal of American AmericanAmerican LegalLegal StudiesStudies VolumeVolume 87 IssueIssue 21 FallSpring 2019 2018 ARTICLES ARTICLES Founding-Era Socialism: The Original Meaning of the Constitution’s Postal Clause Robert G. Natelson Law and Religion in Plymouth Colony Scott Douglas Gerber Toward Natural Born Derivative Citizenship John Vlahoplus Cartel Control of Attorney Licensure and the Public Interest Robert C. Fellmeth, Felix Frankfurter and the Law BridgetThomas Fogarty HalperGramme, C. Christopher Hayes Fundamental Rights in Early American Case Law: 1789-1859 Nicholas P. Zinos HenryThe Holmes Friendly Truth: and theToward Incorporation a Pragmatic, of the Holmes-Influenced Bill of Rights Conceptualization Thomas Halper of the Nature of Truth Jared Schroeder Bad Company: The Corporate Appropriation of Nature, Divinity, Richard Hardack andActs Personhood of State, State in U.S. Immunity, Culture and Judicial Review in the United States Zia Akthar To Kill a Mockingbird and Legal Ethics: On the Role of Atticus Finch’s Attic Michelle Kundmueller Rhetoric in Fulfillment of Duties to Client, to Court, to Society, and to Self (Mis)judging Ordinary Meaning?: Corpus Linguistics, the Frequency Fallacy, Shlomo Klapper and the Extension-Abstraction Distinction in “Ordinary Meaning” Textualism “Felix Cohen was the Blackstone of Federal Indian Law”: Adrien Habermacher Taking the Comparison Seriously BRITISH JOURNAL OF AMERICAN LEGAL STUDIES BIRMINGHAM CITY UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL THE CURZON BUILDING, 4 CARDIGAN STREET, BIRMINGHAM, B4 7BD, UNITED KINGDOM ISSNISSN 2049-40922049-4092 (Print)(Print) British Journal of American Legal Studies Editor-in-Chief: Dr Anne Richardson Oakes, Birmingham City University. Deputy Editors Dr Ilaria Di-Gioia, Birmingham City University Dr Friso Jansen, Birmingham City University Associate Editors Dr Sarah Cooper, Birmingham City University Prof Haydn Davies, Birmingham City University Prof Julian Killingley, Birmingham City University Dr Alice Storey, Birmingham City University Dr Amna Nazir, Birmingham City University Prof Jon Yorke, Birmingham City University Seth Barrett Tillman, National University of Ireland, Maynooth Editorial Team Leader 2018—2019 Mercedes Cooling Birmingham City University Student Editorial Assistants 2019 Matthew Hill Simran Juss Tom Nicklin Eleni Pavlou Luca Prisciandaro Maira Tariq Editorial Board Hon Joseph A Greenaway Jr, Circuit Judge 3rd Circuit, US Court of Appeals. Hon Raymond J McKoski, Circuit Judge (retired), 19th Judicial Circuit Court, IL, Adjunct Professor of Law, The John Marshall Law School, Chicago, IL. Prof Antonio Aunion, University of Castille-la Mancha. Prof Francine Banner, Phoenix School of Law, AZ. Prof Devon W Carbado, UCLA, CA. Dr Damian Carney, University of Portsmouth, UK. Dr Simon Cooper, Reader in Property Law, Oxford Brookes University. Prof Randall T Coyne, Frank Elkouri and Edna Asper Elkouri Professor, College of Law, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK. Mark George QC, Garden Court Chambers, Manchester, UK. Prof Larry Hammond, Osborne Maledon PA, Phoenix AZ. Prof Carolyn Hoyle, Professor of Criminology, University of Oxford, UK. Prof James Kousouros, CALS Visiting Professor, NY. Prof Ian Loveland, City University London, UK. Prof James Maxeiner, Center for International & Comparative Law, University of Baltimore School of Law, Baltimore, MD. Prof Ruth Miller, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA. Dr Anne-Marie O’Connell, University Toulouse 1 Capitole. Prof Austin Sarat, William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Jurisprudence & Political Science, Amherst College, MA. Dr Stephen W Smith, University of Birmingham, UK. Prof Carrie Sperling, University of Wisconsin Law School. Prof Clive Stafford Smith, Reprieve. Dr Timothy Stanley, Professor of Law & Frank M. Johnson Faculty Scholar, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL. Prof Adam N. Steinman, Professor of Law & Frank M. Johnson Faculty Scholar, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL. Prof Russell Wheeler, The Brookings Institution, Washington DC. British Journal of American Legal Studies Volume 87 Issue 21 FallSpring 20 120189 CONTENTS Founding-Era Socialism: The Original Meaning of the Constitution’s Postal Clause LawRobert and G. Religion Natelson in Plymouth............................................................................................................................... Colony .............1 Scott Douglas Gerber .....................................................................................................................................167 Toward Natural Born Derivative Citizenship John Vlahoplus .................................................................................................................................................71 Cartel Control of Attorney Licensure and the Public Interest FelixRobert Frankfurter C. Fellmeth, and Bridget the Law Fogarty Gramme, C. Christopher Hayes ..........................................................193 Thomas Halper .............................................................................................................................................. 115 Henry Friendly and the Incorporation of the Bill of Rights FundamentalThomas Halper Rights ............................................................................................................................................... in Early American Case Law: 1789-1859 235 Nicholas P. Zinos ............................................................................................................................................ 137 Bad Company: The Corporate Appropriation of Nature, Divinity, and Personhood in U.S. Culture RichardThe Holmes Hardack Truth: ............................................................................................................................................. Toward a Pragmatic, Holmes-Influenced Conceptualization of the Nature of Truth 249 Jared Schroeder ............................................................................................................................................. 169 To Kill a Mockingbird and Legal Ethics: On the Role of Atticus Finch’s Attic Rhetoric in Fulfillment of Duties Acts of State, State Immunity, and Judicial Review in the United States to Client, to Court, to Society, and to Self Zia Akthar ........................................................................................................................................................ 205 Michelle Kundmueller ....................................................................................................................................289 (Mis)judging Ordinary Meaning?: Corpus Linguistics, the Frequency Fallacy, and the Extension-Abstraction Distinction in “Ordinary Meaning” Textualism Shlomo Klapper ..............................................................................................................................................327 “Felix Cohen Was the Blackstone of Federal Indian Law:” Taking the Comparison Seriously Adrien Habermacher ......................................................................................................................................371 Br. J. Am. Leg. Studies 8(2) (2019), DOI: 10.2478/bjals-2019-0016 Law and Religion in Plymouth Colony Scott Douglas Gerber* ABSTRACT 2020 marks the 400th anniversary of the planting of Plymouth Colony. Although the literature about Plymouth is voluminous, the discussion about law and religion has been inappropriately superficial to date. This article addresses the Pilgrims’ conception of law on matters of religion and the new insights into the Pilgrims’ story that can be ascertained by focusing on law. “Law” has been defined in many different ways by many different people throughout history. Aristotle, Cicero, Thomas Aquinas, and other proponents of natural law argued that law is the exercise of reason to deduce binding rules of moral behavior from nature’s or God’s creation. The renowned English positivist John Austin, in contrast, maintained that law is the command of the sovereign. To Karl von Savigny and other proponents of the so-called historical school, law is the unconscious embodiment of the common will of the people. To the philosophical school, law is the expression of idealized ethical custom. The dominant contemporary view seems to be that law is the reflection of social, political, and economic interests. For the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony, law was both the memorialization of their commitment to the Word of God and an instrument for exercising social control so as to effectuate that commitment. The Pilgrims, of course, used law to regulate the more mundane aspects of life as well. Indeed, quantitatively speaking, more laws were enacted by the Pilgrims that addressed the day-to-day activities of life in Plymouth Colony than memorialized the Pilgrims’ commitment to eternal glory in the afterlife, but the latter was unquestionably more important, qualitatively speaking, than the former. In the oft-quoted words of a young William Bradford, “to keep a good conscience, and walk in such a way as God has prescribed in his Word, is a thing which I must prefer before you all, and above life itself.” KEYWORDS Plymouth Colony, law, religion, colonial America