LIST OF 1998-1999 FOR A LISTING OF THE 1998-99 100 MOST ENDANGERED SITES, please see page 42. A World Monuments Fund program. Founding sponsor, American Express Company. ® •• CONTENTS AFFILIATES 4 HEWORLD MONUMENTS FUND BOARD OF TRUSTEES Acknowledgments is a private nonprofit organi­ 5 zation founded in 1965 by Marilyn Perry WORLD MONUMENTS FUND From the Chairman T FRANCE individuals concerned about the Chairman Dr. Marilyn Perry, Chairman, World Monuments Fund Bertrand du Vignand accelerating destruction of important Chairman artistic treasures throughout the Hon. Ronald S. Lauder 6 Why Preservation Matters to Us world. To date WMF has orchestrated H. Peter Stern ASSOCIAZIONE COMITATO Harvey Golub, Chairman and ChiefExecutive Officer, over 165 major projects in 51 coun­ Vice Chairmen ITALIANO tries. Today, with affiliates established American Express Company Count Paolo Marzotto in Europe-in Britain, France, Italy, Robert W. Wilson Chairman 7 Portugal, and Spain-the World Vice Chairman and Treasurer Foreword Monuments Fund sponsors an ongo­ Bonnie Burnham, President, World Monuments Fund ASSOCIAc;:AO ing program for the conservation of Robert J. Geniesse Secretary and General Counsel WORLD MONUMENTS FUND cultural heritage worldwide. WMF is Paulo Lowndes Marques 9 1997 Selection Panel and Major Donors to the World Monuments currently involved with 62 projects in Chairman Watch Program 46 countries. The World Monuments Anthony P. Balestrieri Watch, a global program launched in J. Carter Brown WORLD MONUMENTS FUND 10 List of 100 Most Endangered Sites 1998-99 1995 on the occasion of the 30th W. L. Lyons Brown, Jr. ESPANA (listed alphabetically by country) anniversary of the World Monuments Juan Carlos Fierro BOJ;lnie Burnham Fund, aims to enhance the organiza­ Chairman tion's unique capacity to identify Patricia Falk 40 Site Map imperiled cultural heritage sites and Louise L. Grunwald WORLD MONUMENTS FUND leverage financial and technical sup­ IN BRITAIN 42 Key to Site Map Ashton Hawkins port for their preservation. TheRt. Hon. Prince Amyn Aga Khan The Viscount Norwich 43 List of 100 Most Endangered Sites 1998-99 Peter Kimmelman Chairman (continued) Jonathan S. Linen WORLD MONUMENTS WATCH 71 Progress Report: List of 100 Most Endangered Sites 1996-97 Lois de Menil INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF HONOR Samuel C. Miller 76 List of 100 Most Endangered Sites 1996-97 Copyright © 1997 World Monuments Fund Peter M. F. Sichel H. E. Javier Perez de Cuellar All rights reserved. Bertrand du Vignaud Co-Chairman 77 World Monuments Fund Staff Directory Hon. Cyrus R. Vance World Monuments Fund Paolo Viti Co-Chairman 949 Park Avenue 78 European Offices and Affiliates Nancy Brown Wellin New York, N.Y. 10028 79 World Monuments Watch Program Guidelines and Schedule ISBN 1·890879·05·3 Designed by Jessica Weber Design, Inc., NY 80 Photo Credits Printed in Spain by Ediciones El Visa, Madrid 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FROM THE CHAIRMAN The World Monuments Watch program is the product of an active collaboration between World Monuments Fund and EW OCCASIONS IN THE TBIRTY-TWO YEAR HISTORY Monuments Watch register is a commentary on our the founding sponsor American Express Company as well as with many organizations and experts in the field. WMF of the World Monuments Fund have been as stewardship and a touchstone for our values. In the best expresses its gratitude to the many individuals and groups that have cooperated to make this work possible. Fcelebratory as the evening in May 1996 when we circumstances, it is also a stimulus to action. The Board of Trustees of World Monuments Fund has been extremely supportive-especi,~.lly its Chairman, Dr. Marilyn announced the first round of grants for the World Perry and Vice Chairmen, H. Peter Stern, Ronald S. Lauder, and Robert W. Wilson, who have made generous financial Monuments Watch. In a rOOm high above Manhattan For the listed sites, the World Monuments Watch is a commitments to the World Monuments Watch. (auspiciously named Windows on the World), an invit­ spotlight in the dark. An international panel of experts ed group of WMF trustees and supporters, World has judged the work to be endangered, to be capable of American Express as a whole has embraced the World Monuments Watch program. OUf thanks to Chairman and CEO Harvey Golub and Vice Chairman Jon Linen, a WMF board member; to Vice Chairman Chuck Farr and to Don Daly, Monuments Watch donors, diplomats, project spon­ rescue, and to be important in its context-in other for their innovative contributions through special programs directed at the travel industry; to members of the American sors, and preservationists inaugurated a comprehensive words, to be worth saving. Local champions seize this Express grants panel; to Tom Ryder, President of Travel Related Services International, and American Express managers private sector initiative for the survival of great archi­ as a new and powerful defense, and sometimes the list­ worldwide for their support of individual World Monuments Watch projects; to Beth Salerno, Connie Higginson, Anne Wickham, and Marian Hansen of the Philanthropic Program and Nancy Muller and Richard D'Ambrosio of American tecture. ing alone has favorably influenced public policy on Express Public Affairs. Special thanks are owed to Ed Kelly, Publisher, and Pat Girty and Denise Fulco of Travel and behalf of a site. For most, however, the greatest help is Leisure magazine. It was a memorable event. The initial List of 100 Most financial. Even modest outside suppOrt can leaven new Endangered Sites was impressive for the breadth of the pride, new energy, new local partnerships, new funding Special thanks to ICOMOS, through its Paris headquarters, its U.S. Committee and its Blue Shield program, and espe­ cially to Jean Louis Luxen, Todor Krestev of ICOMOS Bulgaria, and Leo Van Nispen for cooperating in the organiza­ World Monuments Watch approach and the quality of sources, and new attention from established authorities. tion of a special session on endangered sites at the ICOMOS 11th General Assembly and International Symposium in the sites in peril. Above all, there was a sense of promise The site may still require much work, but it is no longer Sofia in October 1996. that a mechanism had been created to fill a widespread, in imminent peril. It moves off the World Monuments Gratitude is expressed to the World Monuments Watch selection panel (listed on page 9). In addition, many experts recognized need. Watch list. enhanced the selection ,process by commenting on the nominations to the endangered list: Akhtar Badshah, Badshah Consulting, New Jersey; Richard Brilliant, Columbia University; William C. Brumfield, Tulane University; William Demonstrating this promise, the first World For WMF, the establishment of the World Monuments Chapman, University of Hawaii at.Manoa; Miguel Angel Corzo, The Getty Conservation Institute; Ricardo J. Elia, Monuments Watch grantees-36 sites in 27 countries­ Watch program has significantly increased both our Department of Archaeology, Boston University; Christine Ferinde, New York Landmarks Conservancy; James Marston Fitch, Beyer Blinder Belle Architects & Planners, New York; Raul Garcia, URBANA Consultants, Ltd, Miami; Oleg were as various as human life on this planet, and as vul­ presence in the field and our capacity to respond. Grabar, Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton University; Dino Milinovic, UNESCO Secretary General, Croatia; nerable. Flooded temples in Thailand, an abandoned Indeed, so impressive were the results generated by the Mary Miller, Yale University; Dorothy Miner, Columbia University; Jan Hird Pokorny, Jan Hird Pokorny Architects & synagogue on Crete, a storm-damaged conservatory in first round of grants that their progress almost over­ Planners, New York; Theodore H. M. Prudon, Conservation Architect, New York; Nasser Rabbat, History, Theory, and Criticism of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Thomas Reese, The Getty Research Institute for the San Francisco, a looted archaeological zone in Mali, a shadowed the presentation of the 1997 awards. And History of Art and the Humanities; Thomas Roby, American Academy in Rome; Katherine Stevenson, United States derelict Islamic fountain house in Cairo, eroding sub­ most promising of all, a significant number of the orig­ Department of the Interior, National Park Service; Herman Van Hooff, Programme Specialist for the Americas, structures on Easter Island, an ill-used imperial palace in inal 100 Most Endangered Sites have been removed UNESCO World Heritage Centre; Augusto Fabella Villalon, A. Villalon Associates Architects, Manila; James Wiseman, St. Petersburg, unprotected monasteries on the coast of from the new list, as now out of immediate peril. Department of Archaeology, Boston University; Ann Webster Smith, Chairman, US/ICOMOS; Phyllis Madeline Wright, Scholar, Ancient Roman Cryptology. Croatia-by definition, a rOster of the forlorn state of much of our historic patrimony in the late-twentieth In all respects, the World Monuments Watch has proven WMF thanks Sylvio Mutal and Elizabeth Childs Johnson, who have spent many hours in discussions about shaping pro­ century. But far from a litany of despair, the first World its value. For dozens of monuments in trouble, it has grams in South America, Africa, and China. Monuments Watch awards, sponsored by the American pinpointed need, attracted attention, and provided a David Masello researched and wrote the catalogue texts for the 1998-99 list and the progress report for the 1996-97