J. Algal Biomass Utln. 2012, 3 (2): 71– 102 Phytonic diversity of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra (India) © PHYCO SPECTRUM INC Phytonic diversity of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra (India) Kishore. J. Patil1, R.T.Mahajan2and S.R. Mahajan3 1Department of Microbiology, Bhusawal Arts, Science & P.O.Nahata Commerce College, Bhusawal. 2Head of Zoology Department, Moolji Jaitha College, Jalgaon 3Department of Botany, Bhusawal Arts, Science & P.O.Nahata Commerce College, Bhusawal. [email protected] Abstract This article provides relevant information about the algal flora of Jalgaon District, Maharashtra (India) and develops an outline of algal data bases of Jalgaon region, sites for algal studies, noticed and unnoticed algal rich area of Jalgaon district. The present comprehension of fresh and marine algae of world is considerable and numbers of algae are indentified and subsequently cultured. In contrast some information is available in literature but it is not compiled as a database. A total number of 539 taxa belonging to 4 classes are found in Jalgaon.The relative percentage of Cynophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenophyceae is 40.44, 41.55, 10.38 and 7.60 respectively. The taxonomy and morphological study given by earlier researchers but still there is lot of scope to elaborate information about the algae of Jalgaon region regarding on physiology and biochemical aspect, antimicrobial activity and methods of algal cultivation. Keywords: Fresh water algae, Taxonomy, Phytonic and Jalgaon Introduction Maharashtra algal studies were started in 1847 when Griffith describes fertilization in Eudorina elegans collected from the pools in Bombay. In 1933, Borgesen worked on fresh Jalgaon District is located in the North-West region of the state of Maharashtra. It is and marine algae of Bombay. Later on some of the major contributions from Maharashtra bounded by Satpuda mountain ranges in the North, Ajanta mountain ranges in the South, are those by Dixit (1936), Gonzalves and Joshi (1945), Gunale and Balkrishnan (1981), Dhule District in the West and Buldhana district in the East. Jalgaon is rich in volcanic soil Pingale (1981), Sarode (1984), Gole et. al (1985), Jagdale et. al (1987), Trivedi et. al which is well suited for cotton production. Jalgaon district receives an average rainfall of (1990), Badve et. al (1993), Patil (1995) and More (1997). In Jalgaon district algae does not 0 0 about 750 mm and the temperature varies from 10 C to 48 C in peak summer with an area occurs in sufficient quantities to render its commercial application as a result it has been of about 11,700 sq km, Jalgaon district has a population of about 4 million. The main diminutive investigated by Marathe (1969), Barhate (1983), Kottawaar (1985), Mahajan, objective of the present review is to gather information reported by researchers in past. The Mahajan and Patil (1995), More (1997), Mahajan (2001), Borse, Lohar and Bhave (2003), occurrence of large number of algae in different parts of Maharashtra has been reported by Jawale and Chaudhari (2004) and Puranik is working on cynobacteria. Antibacterial various authors and this scientific knowledge is the result of many years investigation. In 71 J. Algal Biomass Utln. 2012, 3 (2): 71– 102 Phytonic diversity of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra (India) © PHYCO SPECTRUM INC activity and enzyme activity (Catalase, Urease, Amylase and Lipase) were studied by Patil and Mahajan (2011). The importance of algae in the world is increasing continuously. In India algae are not 2. To make uses of algae for human welfare. much used in such a manner, so to enhance the involvement of algal material for sharing 3. Algae as foder for domestic animals to increases animal product productivity. the load of increasing population on daily required resources such as Biofule, food, 4. Algae as source of raw material for industrial products. medicinal drugs, nutritional requirements. Algal uses in pollution control and many algae are also used as pollution indicator. It is necessary to compile the flora of algae available in Major Sites for algal study in Jalgaon District region. The objectives of these studies are; 1. Major lakes in Jalgaon district; Hartala, Velhala, Meharun, Anjala, Padmalaya 1. To evaluate the degree of pollution in aquatic environments and its utility in and Unapdev etc. pollution control. 72 J. Algal Biomass Utln. 2012, 3 (2): 71– 102 Phytonic diversity of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra (India) © PHYCO SPECTRUM INC 2. Major Dams in Jalgaon district; Girna Dam, Hatnur Dam (Tal: Bhusawal), Studied stations of Jalgaon district Manyad (Tal: Chalisgaon), Bori (Tal: Parola), Bhokarbari (Tal: Parola), Suki (Tal: Raver), Abhora (Tal: Raver), Hivra (Tal: Pachora), Agnavati (Tal: Pachora), There are many places of algal flora those can be studies extensively form above very few Tondapur (Tal: Jamner), Mangrul (Tal: Raver), Bahula (Tal: Pachora). places are studied by the investigators are Hartala lake, Anjala lake, Unapdev hot springs 3. Minor Dams of Jalgaon district; Nimn tapi at Amalner, Anjni at Erondol, and Tapi river. Still many places are not taken into account by earlier invertigators, so there Warkheda lendhe at Chalisgaon, Jonadhankheda at Muktainagar, Mutrannala at is lot of scope for researcher to work on these aspects of phytonic diversity of algae. Raver, Waghzera at Yawal, Ghodasgaon at Pachora and Gud madham prakalap Malapura at Chopda. 4. Rivers of Jalgaon District: Tapi, Girana, Anjani, Waghur, Purna, Kang, Sur, Bori, Waki, Aner, Karwand, Panzara, Jamkhedi, Malangaon, Burai, Rangawali, Mor and Bahula. Table 1 Algal Flora of Jalgaon district Sr.No Order Family Bionomial Reference No. 1 Chroccoccales Chroococcaceae Aphanocapsa biformis A.Br. 24 2 Aphanocapsa banarisensis Bharadwaj 18, 19, 25, 26 3 Aphanocapsa crassa Ghose 19, 25, 26 4 Aphanocapsa grevillei (Hass.) Rabenh 18, 19, 25, 26 5 Aphanocapsa koordersi Strom 19, 25, 26, 28 6 Aphanocapsa montana Cramer 19, 25, 26, 28 7 Aphanocapsa roseana De Bary 19, 25, 26 8 Chroococcus cohaerens (Breb.) Nag. 24, 25, 26 9 Chroococcus hansgirgi Schmidle 19, 25, 26, 29 10 Chroococcus minimus (Keissler) Lemm. 25, 26, 29 11 Chroococcus minor (Kuetz.) Nag. 28 12 Chroococcus minutus (Kuetz.) Nag. 19, 25, 26, 29 Chroococcus montanus f. Banarasensis (Rao, 18 13 C.B.) Nom. Nov. 14 Chroococcus montanus Hansg. 19, 26 73 J. Algal Biomass Utln. 2012, 3 (2): 71– 102 Phytonic diversity of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra (India) © PHYCO SPECTRUM INC 15 Chroococcus turgidus (Kuetz.) Naeg. 18 16 Chroococcus varius A.Br. 25, 26, 29 17 Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum Nag. 19, 26 Dactylococcopsis raphidiodes Hansg. 18, 19, 25, 26, 18 29 19 Gloeocapsa calcarea Tilden 19, 25, 26 20 Gloeocapsa compacta Kuetz. 28 21 Gloeocapsa crepidinum Thuret. 19, 25, 26 22 Gloeocapsa kuetzingiana Nag. 19, 24, 25, 29 Gloeocapsa punctata Naeg. 18, 19, 25, 26, 23 29 Gloeocapsa rupestris (Lyngs) Bornet v. maxima 26, 29 24 West 25 Gloeocapsa samoensis Wille. 25 26 Gloeocapsa samoensis Wille v. major Wille 25, 29 Gloeocapsa stegophila (Itzings) Rabenh. v. crassa 25, 26, 29 27 Rao. C.B. Gloeothece membranacea (Rabenh.) Born. Et 18 28 Flah. 29 Gloeothece samoensis Wille. 26 30 Gloeothece samoensis Wille. v. major Wille. 26 31 Merismopedia convolute Breb. 26 32 Merismopedia elegans A. Br. 18 33 Merismopedia minima Beck 19, 26 34 Merismopedia punctata Mayen 19, 26 35 Merismopedia Teuissima Lemm 19, 26 36 Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetz. 19, 25, 26, 29 37 Microcystis elabens (Breb.) Kutz. 24 38 Microcystis flox-aquae (Wittr.) Kirchner 25, 26, 29 74 J. Algal Biomass Utln. 2012, 3 (2): 71– 102 Phytonic diversity of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra (India) © PHYCO SPECTRUM INC 39 Microcystis marginata (Mehegh.) Kuetz. 25, 26 40 Microcystis robusta (Clark) Naygaard 25, 26, 29 41 Microcystis viridis (A.Br.) Lemm. 25, 26, 29 42 Synechococcus aeruginosus Nag. 25, 26 Synechocystis aqualitis Saur. 19, 25, 26, 28, 43 29 44 Synechocystis pevalekii Erceg. 19, 25, 26, 28 45 Entophysalidaceae Chroococcidiopsis indica Desikachari 25, 26 Johannesbaptistia pellucid (Dickie) Taylor and 26, 29 46 Dr. 47 Pleurocapsales chaemosiphonaceae Chamaesiphon rostaffinskii (Rostaf) Hansg. 25, 26 Chamaesiphon sideriphilus Starmach v. glabra 25, 26 48 Rao. C.B. 49 Stichosiphon sansibaricus (Hieron.) Dr. and D. 24, 25, 26, 29 50 Pleurocapsaceae Myxosarcina burmensis Skuja 24, 25, 26 51 Nostocales Oscillatoriaceae Homoethrix balaerica (Born. et. Flah.) Lamm. 26 Homoethrix hansgirigi (Schmidle) Lemm. v. 26 52 constricta nov. 53 Homoethrix iuliana (Manegh.) Kirchn. 26 54 Arthrospira plantensis (Nordst.) Gomount 18 55 Lyngbya allorgei Fremy 25, 26, 29 56 Lyngbya aestuarii Liemb. ex. Gomont 19, 25, 26, 29 57 Lyngbya borgertii Lemm. 19, 25, 26, 29 Lyngbya ceylanica Wille. v. major Pandey & 18 58 Mirta 59 Lyngbya ceylanica Wille. 19, 24, 25, 26 60 Lyngbya cryptovaginata Schkorbatow 19, 25, 26 Lyngbya cryptovaginata Schkorbatow v. major 18 61 Prasad et al. 75 J. Algal Biomass Utln. 2012, 3 (2): 71– 102 Phytonic diversity of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra (India) © PHYCO SPECTRUM INC 62 Lyngbya digueti Gomont 19, 25, 26 63 Lyngbya epiphytica Hieron 19, 25, 26, 28 64 Lyngbya gracilis (Menegh.) Rabenh. 18 65 Lyngbya hieronymusil Lemm. 19, 25, 26 Lyngbya hieronymusil Lemm. v. crassivaginata 19, 25, 26, 28 66 Ghose. 67 Lyngbya infixa Feremy 19, 25, 26 68 Lyngbya laxespiralis Skuja 18, 19, 25, 26 69 Lyngbya limnetica Lemm. 19, 25, 26, 29 70 Lyngbya martensiana Menegh 19, 24, 25, 26 71 Lyngbya martensiana Menegh ex Gom 29 72 Lyngbya mesotricha Skuja 19, 25, 26 73 Lyngbya nordgardhii Wille 19, 25, 26 74 Lyngbya perelegans Lemm. 19, 25, 26 75 Lyngbya putealis Mont. 19, 25, 26 76 Lyngbya putealis Mont. Ex Gom 29 77 Oscillatoria agardhii Gomont 18 78 Oscillatoria amoena (Kuetz.) Gomont 18 79 Oscillatoria anne Van Goor 18 Oscillatoria bervis (Kuetz.) Gomont 19, 21, 23, 25, 80 26, 30 81 Oscillatoria calcuttensis Biswas 25, 26 82 Oscillatoria chalybea (Mertens) Gomont 19, 24, 25, 26 83 Oscillatoria chilkensis Biswas 25, 26 84 Oscillatoria curviceps Ag. Ex. Gomont 18, 26 85 Oscillatoria curviceps Ag.