Antioxidant properties of essential oils extracted from three species of moroccan junipers Badr Satrani, Mohamed Ghanmi, Nazik Mansouri, Nadine Amusant To cite this version: Badr Satrani, Mohamed Ghanmi, Nazik Mansouri, Nadine Amusant. Antioxidant properties of es- sential oils extracted from three species of moroccan junipers. Environmental Science : An Indian Journal, 2015, 11 (7), pp.239-247. hal-01303986 HAL Id: hal-01303986 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01303986 Submitted on 18 Apr 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. id7084515 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com EEnnvviirroonnISmmSN : 0ee97n4n - 74tt51aall SSccVioilueemenn 11 Iccssuee 7 An Indian Journal Current Research Paper ESAIJ, 11(7), 2015 [239-247] Antioxidant properties of essential oils extracted from three species of Moroccan junipers Badr Satrani1*, Mohamed Ghanmi1, Nazik Mansouri1, Nadine Amusant2 1Chemistry and Microbiology laboratories, Forest Research Center, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, BP 763 Agdal, (FRENCH GUIANA) 2CIRAD, Department Environments and Societies, UMR Ecology Forest of French Guiana, BP. 732, 97310 Kourou Cedex, (FRENCH GUIANA) E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Essential oils from Juniperus thurifera, Juniperus oxycedrus and Juniperus thurifera; Juniperus phoenicea (Cupressaceae) collected in various areas in Juniperus oxycedrus; Morocco were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by CG and CG/ Juniperus phoenicea; SM. Twenty-four components were identified in the essential oils from Essential oils; the branches of Juniperus thurifera, forty seven from Juniperus Antioxidant activity. oxycedrus and twenty-six from Juniperus phoenicea. The majority â-pinene components obtained are pinenes and especially (36.3%) for á-pinene the essential oils from the branches of Juniperus thurifera and for those of Juniperus oxycedrus (52.1%) and Juniperus phoenicea (64.2%). The antioxidant properties of oils were determined by the DPPH method and were compared to that found for the reference compound (BHT) and for other essential oils. 2015 Trade Science Inc. - INDIA INTRODUCTION tion by increasing the time leading to a detectable deterioration of the product[2]. As synthetic antioxi- The phenomenon of self-oxidation of the lipids dants generally used in agribusiness industries are produced during the processes of conservation and currently questioned in reason of potential toxico- transformation of food is a very complex purely logical risks (e.g., buthylhydroxyanisol (BHA), chemical process, involved in radicalization reac- buthylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tions able to self-maintaining and requiring only the tertiobutylhydroquinone (TBHQ))[3,4], new vegetable presence of atmospheric oxygen. It is responsible of sources of natural antioxidant s are thus searched. the formation of chemical compounds harmful for Many works, in particular those of Chimi[5,6], at- the health of the animals as well as men[1]. test the role of some phenolic compounds extracted An antioxidant is a substance which, added to from virgin olive oils on the good resistance to low dose with a naturally oxydable product with the radicalizing oxidation : the major compounds are air, is able to slow down the phenomenon of oxida- oleuropeine, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and cafeic 240 Antioxidant properties of essential oils extra.cted from three species of Moroccan junipers ESAIJ, 11(7) 2015 Current Research Paper acid[7]. In this context, the antioxidant properties of Chromatographic analyses the volatile extracts from aromatic plants were Gas Chromatographic (GC) analyses were per- largely studied in the aim of protection against the formed with a Hewlett-Packard (HP 6890), [8] × unsaturated fatty acids from animal origin . Thus, equipped with a capillary column HP-5 (30m an extraction using supercritical CO allowed µm film thickness) and a detector FID 2 0.25mm, 0.25 [9] °C provided by H2/Air gas mixture and split- Djamarti and al. (1991) to obtain from rosemary at 250 °C. The injection and sage an extract rich in carnosol and ramanol, splitless injector heated at 250 molecules whose antioxidant capacity can be equiva- mode is split (with a split ratio of 1/50 and flow at lent or even higher than that of BHT. 66 ml/min). The vector gas used is N2 with 1.7 ml/ In this context, the aim of the present work is to min. The column temperature was programmed from °-200°C at 4°C/min. The apparatus was guided evaluate the antioxidant activity of essential oils from 50 “HP ChemStation,” which the branches of Juniperus thurifera, J. oxycedrus by a computer system type and J. phoenicea collected in various areas of Mo- manages the apparatus functioning and allows moni- rocco for the valorization of these three aromatic toring of chromatography analyses. The injected vol- µl. The identification of constitu- plants. A comparison with the value found for the ume was about 1 compound of reference buthylhydroxytoluene (BHT) ents was achieved on the basis of retention indices was made. and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS). The GC/MS analyses were performed on a MATERIALS AND METHODS Hewlett-Packard (HP 6890) coupled with a mass spectrometer (HP 5973). Fragmentation was by elec- Plant material tron impact under 70 eV field. The column used was a capillary column HP-5MS (5% phenyl methyl si- The aerial parts (stems and leaves) of Juniperus × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness). thurifera (thuriferous juniper) and J. oxycedrus were loxane: 30 m The vector gas was Helium with 1.5 ml/min. The collected in March (2008). The samples of °- column temperature was programmed from 50 thuriferous juniper come from Jbel Bouiblane in °C at 4°C/min. The oil components were identi- Eastern Middle-Atlas (Morocco) and those of the J. 200 oxycedrus from Taffert forest in Eastern Middle- fied by comparing the retention indices of authentic Atlas (Morocco). The harvest of the samples of materials with those of substances present in the Juniperus phoenicea (red juniper) was carried out mixture and by further confirming their identities MS during Mars (2009) in Aghbar forest (High Atlas, (library of NIST 98 spectra). Morocco). The taxonomic identification of plant Antioxidant activity materials was confirmed by A. Aafi, botanist from To evaluate the antioxidant activity, the method the Center of forest Research of Rabat, Morocco. of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as de- Distillation of essential oils scribed by Leitao (2002) and Chen (2004) was used[11,12]. The experiment was carried out in a spec- The isolation of essential oils was achieved by trophotometer (UV/visible) monochromatic (Littrow hydrodistillation that was carried out using a 1200 lines/mm per stage) of type M550 Camspec, [10] Clevenger-type distillation system . The distilla- controlled by a computing system with a bidirec- tion of each sample lasted approximately 4 hours. tional numerical interface (RS232C) and a screen For each distillation, 200g of fresh raw material was of posting LCD backlit (1/4 VGA 320 X 240 pixels) used. Previously, the moisture of the samples was at 517 nm. We prepared the solution of DPPH by the measured in order to calculate the essential oil yields dissolution of 4 mg of the powder in 100 ml of etha- corresponding to 100g of dry matter. Essential oils nol (EtOH). The samples of essential oils were pre- µg/ ml. These solu- were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and pared in EtOH at a rate of 20 °C in the dark until testing and analyzing stored at 4 . tions, then underwent dilutions to obtain the follow- Environmental Science An Indian Journal ESAIJ, 11(7) 2015 Badr Satrani et al. 241 Current Research Paper µg/ ing concentrations: 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 myrcene (3.13%) (Figure 1). Those from J. á- ml and the test was carried out by mixing 4 ml of oxycedrus and J. phoenicea are dominated by DPPH solution with 1 ml of essential oils to be tested pinene with respective rates of 52.13 and 64.19%. with various concentrations. The reference antioxi- We also note the presence in outstanding quantity of á-phellandrene dant or positive control (BHT) was also prepared limonene (7.32%), (5.59%), 14-hy- according to the same method. After a 30 min incu- droxy-9-epi-E-caryophyllene (5.44%) and bation period at room temperature, the absorbance germacrene D (4%) in the essential oils from ä-3-careens was read against a blank at 517 nm. Inhibition free branches of J. oxycedrus and (14.84%), radical DPPH in percent (I %) was calculated as myrcene (2.69%) and fenchone (2.12%) in essen- follows[12, 13] : tial oils of J. phoenicea (Figures 2 and 3). In addi- × (A tion, each species shows certain specificities in ter- I% = 100 blank - A test)/A blank penic compounds such as the terpin-4-ol (12.76%), Where Ablank is the absorbance of the control reac- á-oxide â-E-ocymene tion (containing all reagents except the test com- pinene (10.89%) and (4.38%) for the essential oils from J. thurifera, 14-hydroxy- pound), and Atest is the absorbance of the test com- â-cymene pound. The graph of the percentages of inhibition 9-epi-E-caryophyllene (5.44%), (1.56%) according to the concentration of essential oil makes and manoyl oxide (1.82%) for essential oils from J. it possible to determine the IC50 and the value ob- oxycedrus and fenchone (2.12%), camphor (0.30%) tained is compared with that found for the compound and citronellol (0.71%) for essential oils from J.