THE COST OF DOING NOTHING: MARITIME INFRA- STRUCTURE VULNERABILITIES IN AN EMERGING ARCTIC (116–14) HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON COAST GUARD AND MARITIME TRANSPORTATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 8, 2019 Printed for the use of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure ( Available online at: https://www.govinfo.gov/committee/house-transportation?path=/ browsecommittee/chamber/house/committee/transportation U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 39–647 PDF WASHINGTON : 2020 VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:31 Feb 10, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 P:\HEARINGS\116\CGMT\5-8-20~1\TRANSC~1\39647.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon, Chair ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, SAM GRAVES, Missouri District of Columbia DON YOUNG, Alaska EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas ERIC A. ‘‘RICK’’ CRAWFORD, Arkansas ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland BOB GIBBS, Ohio RICK LARSEN, Washington DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina STEVE COHEN, Tennessee SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey RODNEY DAVIS, Illinois JOHN GARAMENDI, California ROB WOODALL, Georgia HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., Georgia JOHN KATKO, New York ANDRE´ CARSON, Indiana BRIAN BABIN, Texas DINA TITUS, Nevada GARRET GRAVES, Louisiana SEAN PATRICK MALONEY, New York DAVID ROUZER, North Carolina JARED HUFFMAN, California MIKE BOST, Illinois JULIA BROWNLEY, California RANDY K. WEBER, SR., Texas FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida DOUG LAMALFA, California DONALD M. PAYNE, JR., New Jersey BRUCE WESTERMAN, Arkansas ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California LLOYD SMUCKER, Pennsylvania MARK DESAULNIER, California PAUL MITCHELL, Michigan STACEY E. PLASKETT, Virgin Islands BRIAN J. MAST, Florida STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts MIKE GALLAGHER, Wisconsin SALUD O. CARBAJAL, California, Vice Chair GARY J. PALMER, Alabama ANTHONY G. BROWN, Maryland BRIAN K. FITZPATRICK, Pennsylvania ADRIANO ESPAILLAT, New York JENNIFFER GONZA´ LEZ-COLO´ N, TOM MALINOWSKI, New Jersey Puerto Rico GREG STANTON, Arizona TROY BALDERSON, Ohio DEBBIE MUCARSEL-POWELL, Florida ROSS SPANO, Florida LIZZIE FLETCHER, Texas PETE STAUBER, Minnesota COLIN Z. ALLRED, Texas CAROL D. MILLER, West Virginia SHARICE DAVIDS, Kansas GREG PENCE, Indiana ABBY FINKENAUER, Iowa JESU´ S G. ‘‘CHUY’’ GARCI´A, Illinois ANTONIO DELGADO, New York CHRIS PAPPAS, New Hampshire ANGIE CRAIG, Minnesota HARLEY ROUDA, California SUBCOMMITTEE ON COAST GUARD AND MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SEAN PATRICK MALONEY, New York, Chair ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland BOB GIBBS, Ohio RICK LARSEN, Washington DON YOUNG, Alaska STACEY E. PLASKETT, Virgin Islands RANDY K. WEBER, SR., Texas JOHN GARAMENDI, California BRIAN J. MAST, Florida ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California MIKE GALLAGHER, Wisconsin ANTHONY G. BROWN, Maryland CAROL D. MILLER, West Virginia CHRIS PAPPAS, New Hampshire, Vice Chair SAM GRAVES, Missouri (Ex Officio) PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon (Ex Officio) (II) VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:31 Feb 10, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 P:\HEARINGS\116\CGMT\5-8-20~1\TRANSC~1\39647.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER CONTENTS Page Summary of Subject Matter .................................................................................... v STATEMENTS OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney, a Representative in Congress from the State of New York, and Chair, Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 1 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 2 Hon. Bob Gibbs, a Representative in Congress from the State of Ohio, and Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transpor- tation: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 3 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 3 Hon. Peter A. DeFazio, a Representative in Congress from the State of Or- egon, and Chair, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 4 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 5 WITNESSES PANEL 1 Admiral Charles W. Ray, Vice Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 6 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 7 PANEL 2 Rear Admiral Shepard M. Smith, Director, Office of Coast Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 27 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 29 Colonel Phillip J. Borders, Commander, Alaska District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 33 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 35 PANEL 3 Admiral Thad W. Allen, U.S. Coast Guard (Ret.): Oral statement .................................................................................................. 41 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 43 Heather A. Conley, Senior Vice President for Europe, Eurasia, and the Arctic, Center for Strategic and International Studies: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 44 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 46 Abbie Tingstad, Ph.D., Senior Physical Scientist, The RAND Corporation: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 50 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 52 Hon. Mead Treadwell, Cochair, Polar Institute, Woodrow Wilson Center: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 58 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 59 (III) VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:31 Feb 10, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 P:\HEARINGS\116\CGMT\5-8-20~1\TRANSC~1\39647.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER IV Page SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD Post-hearing clarification of remarks from U.S. Coast Guard ............................. 13 Statement of Willie Goodwin, Chairman, Arctic Waterways Safety Committee, Submitted for the Record by Hon. Larsen ......................................................... 18 Report by Council on Foreign Relations, ‘‘Arctic Imperatives: Reinforcing U.S. Strategy on America’s Fourth Coast,’’ Submitted for the Record by Hon. Maloney ................................................................................................................. 42 APPENDIX Questions from Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney for Admiral Charles W. Ray, Vice Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard ................................................................ 75 Questions from Hon. Rick Larsen for Admiral Charles W. Ray, Vice Com- mandant, U.S. Coast Guard ................................................................................ 79 Question from Hon. Alan S. Lowenthal for Admiral Charles W. Ray, Vice Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard ........................................................................ 81 Questions from Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney for Rear Admiral Shepard M. Smith, Director, Office of Coast Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ..................................................................................................... 82 Questions from Hon. Rick Larsen for Rear Admiral Shepard M. Smith, Direc- tor, Office of Coast Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion ........................................................................................................................ 83 Questions from Hon. Alan S. Lowenthal for Rear Admiral Shepard M. Smith, Director, Office of Coast Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- istration ................................................................................................................. 84 Questions from Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney for Colonel Phillip J. Borders, Commander, Alaska District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers .......................... 84 Questions from Hon. Rick Larsen for Colonel Phillip J. Borders, Commander, Alaska District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ................................................ 84 Questions from Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney for Admiral Thad W. Allen, U.S. Coast Guard (Ret.) ....................................................................................... 84 Question from Hon. Alan S. Lowenthal for Admiral Thad W. Allen, U.S. Coast Guard (Ret.) ............................................................................................... 85 Questions from