The Eye ball: a complete coordinate system for location and time. THE AUTO NAVIGATION SYSTEM OF THE EYE BALL BY: EMAD KAYYAM ١ Your Article is entered! Your Article has been added to Philica as Article number 140. It is immediately available for viewing by anybody. The full reference for this Article is: KAYYAM, E. (2008). The Eye ball: a complete coordinate system for location and time. PHILICA.COM Article number 140. If you named any co-authors on your Article, they have just been emailed to inform them of this publication. Now that you are using Philica to disseminate your work, please consider making a donation towards the running of this site. Alternatively, click here to go back to the front page ………………………………… Most recent Articles (Select a discipline from on the right to see a more selective list) The Eye ball: a complete coordinate system for location and time [Astronomy & cosmology] KAYYAM, E. (5th Oct 2008). Experimental philosophy and the MBI [Physics] Yates, J. 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(8th Jun 2008). ٢ Corresponding Author:- Dr. EMAD KAYYAM M.B.B.Ch, Independent Researcher Cell Phone: 00962-79-9828881 Email: [email protected] AMMAN – JORDAN. Title: - the Eye ball: a complete coordinate system for location and time. Key words: - Eye ball sphere, Spherical Universe, Flat Image, Flat Universe, Space Centrode, Horse shoe stone arrangement, Inferior Oblique Muscle, Stonehenge latitude and summer solstice. Abstract: - As I explain in my previous article; The Eye ball and the Earth ball: Model for Inverted Planetarium, that there is a Parallel Organizational Context Potential between the Eye ball and the Earth ball when the central axe of the Eye ball (Y axe of the Cartesian coordinate system) become parallel to the rotational axe of the planet earth (Z axe of the Cartesian coordinate system) which could be reached if you parallel the two orbits of both of them. This article based on more evidence illustrates how the 3- dimensional spherical geometry of our Eye ball is adapted to fit in our spherical earth and the universe around in a way connected to the exact perception of the space and time. Financial Disclosure: - My research is a self effort research this means that: - I did not receive any funding or support from any body also there is No role of any sponsors or funding institute in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, and in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. The Author Sentence: While the conclusions in this scientific article reflect destination and outcome seem compared to a high degree of complexity however, expertise knowledge elected, facts used, observations noticed and special relation made are on a high degree of refinement. ٣ Introduction: Its look like that the eye ball is a spherical organ because the planet earth and the universe a round is spherical, and according to the relativity of Einstein the Universe or (Space-time) appears to be smoothly and simply connected, and space has very small mean curvature, so that Euclidean geometry is accurate on the average throughout the universe. There are three categories for the possible spatial geometries of our universe that have a constant curvature, depending on the sign of the curvature. If the curvature is exactly zero, then the local geometry is flat; if it is positive, then the local geometry is spherical, and if it is negative then the local geometry is hyperbolic. The geometry of the universe is usually represented in the system of comoving coordinates, according to which the expansion of the universe can be ignored. Comoving coordinates form a single frame of reference according to which the universe has a static geometry of three spatial dimensions. Under the assumption that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic, the curvature of the observable universe, or the local geometry, is described by one of the three "primitive" geometries (in mathematics these are called the model geometries): 3 • 3-dimensional Euclidean geometry, generally notated as E • 3-dimensional spherical geometry with a small curvature, 3 often notated as S • 3-dimensional hyperbolic geometry with a small curvature, often notated as H3 ٤ Figure 1 The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether Omega is less than, equal to or greater than 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe, a hyperbolic universe, and a flat universe. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_univer se In evaluating this analysis and linking it with the spherical eye ball it should be kept in mind that when the Eye follows a straight line that is not a meridian starting from a tertiary position, this line Appears to make a rotation indicative of a cyclorotation of the eye. If the eye, starting from a tertiary position, follows with sufficient speed any straight line that is not a meridian, a rotation of that line will be noted by the observer. This rotation indicates that a cyclorotation (wheel–rotation around the optic axe) of the eye has occurred. A movement of the eye a long the meridians avoid this. The adaptation that linking the spherical earth and the spherical universe around with the spherical eye seem obvious if we pay ٥ attention to how the eye ball behaves with straight and curved lines however it's interesting to know that the image that fall on the intrinsic curvature of the retina of the eye sphere is spatially flat and even if the universe is not exactly spatially flat, the spatial curvature of the observable universe is close enough to zero to place the radius at approximately the horizon of the observable universe or beyond. Part 1 Similarity relation between the anatomical human Eye ball and the planet Earth ball Stonehenge circa Model: In this Model, the theory stand on the Analogy made between the human Eye ball and the planet Earth ball in shape, tilt and the similar motion of the conjugate Eye movement and the apparent motion of the sun (also moon) which can be charted on a graph. The two motions which are concerned with Stonehenge are those which work on the horizontal plane and chare the same Axe of rotation (“Z” axe of the Cartesian coordinate system) which the two motions work around, in case of the Earth the motion is the apparent motion of the sun that produced mainly by a combination of factors related chiefly to earth rotation a round it self, earth tilt and earth revolving a round the sun, the apparent motion of the sun are observer related who see the motion when stand on the earth. In the case of the eye ball; the conjugate eye movement are mainly produced by the lateral and medial horizontal rectus muscles, the action is quite simple. It can be assumed in a first approximation that there muscles share a common muscle plane that is horizontal in primary position and contains the line of sight. Their axis of rotation coincides in primary position with the Z-axis of the system. P57, physiology of the ocular movements ٦ Figure 2 Fick's Axes and Listing's Plane Reference: The extra ocular muscles. Chapter 5, Page 89. Fig. 5-9 ٧ Figure 3 The ground track of the Sun and the conjugate Eye movement Reference: Diagram 1 (upper) showing the geometry of the orbits is taken from-Figure2.2.p20 –Clinical Orbital Anatomy picture. Diagram 2 (lower) shows the ground track of the sun is drawn by Dr. EMAD KAYYAM. ٨ Part 2 Eye ball center of Rotation The eye performs rotatory movement a round a center of rotation within the globe. This center of rotation has been assumed to be fixed but newer experiments have given evidence that this is not the case. The center of rotation of the eye does not have zero velocity, it moves in a semicircle in the plane of rotation. Thus, even simple eye movements are complex. N.B Horizontal movements rotate the center of the globe in a semicircle in the plane of eye rotation. Page 88, Adler's physiology of the eye Figure 4 Position of space centrode as computed by Park and Park Reference: The extra ocular muscles. Chapter 5, Page 89. Fig. 5-8 ٩ Part 3 Stonehenge central Horse shoe arrangement of stone and the eye ball center of rotation. Actually Stonehenge is not a single structure but consists of a series of earth, timber, and stone structures that were revised and re- modeled over a period of more than 1400 years. In the 1940s and 1950s, Richard Atkinson proposed that construction occurred in three phases, which he labeled Stonehenge I, II, III-a, III-b, and III-c. This sequence has recently been revised in Archaeological Report (10) published by English Heritage. During Phase III the monument underwent a complicated sequence of settings of large stones.