Y6 Knowledge Organiser History: Life in Boomtown Bolton Key Dates Boomtown BoltonJellyfish Key Vocab Textiles have been produced indisplaying Bolton since Mill town a settlement that developed around one 1377 The first Flemish weavers bioluminescence or more mills or factories, usually cotton settled in Bolton Flemish weavers settled in the area during the 15th century, developing a wool and cotton mills or factories producing textiles 1773 Population of Bolton 5,339 weaving tradition. Bolton’s growth largely Boomtown a community that undergoes sudden and coincided with the introduction of textile rapid population and economic growth, or 1779 Samuel Crompton invents manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. It that is started from scratch. the Spinning Mule was a boomtown of the 19th century. Luddite early 19th century English workmen 1780 The cotton industry in Bolton destroying laboursaving machinery as a booms Bolton has a famous place in the history of the protest; now used to refer to someone Industrial Revolution. The spinning and weaving who is opposed to change, especially 1801 Population in Bolton 17,416 of cotton was a vital element in Bolton's wealth technological in the past 1812 Luddites burn down Industrial The development of new machinery Westhoughton Mill Lancashire's damp climate made it perfect for Revolution and technology in the nineteenth century, which caused major changes in the way 1819 Queen Victoria comes to the keeping cotton yarns moist and unlikely to break of life of the people in Britain. throne so it became the centre of the industrial revolution in Britain. Lots of people moved away Cotton mill a building housing spinning or weaving 1827 Samuel Crompton dies from the countryside to work in the mills. The machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton 1851 Population of Bolton 168,000 Bridgewater Canal, connecting Manchester with the port of Liverpool, was built to move large Ancestor Your ancestors are the people from 1853 First public library in Bolton amounts of raw cotton and finished cloths whom you are descended – family from opened around. long ago Mule A type of spinning machine, used to 1873 Bolton Town Hall built make raw cotton into threads. 1883 Factory Act Samuel Crompton 1890 St. Catherine’s school built His invention of the ‘Spinning Mule’ revolutionised 1902 Hall i’ th’ Wood opened as a the industry; there was less thread-breakage than memorial to Samuel with the spinning jenny, and it was also capable of Crompton producing very fine yarn. Bolton was also where Richard Arkwright had worked as a barber before 1920s Cotton industry in Bolton going on to invent the cotton spinning frame and starts to decline the carding engine. Samuel Crompton and his ‘Spinning Mule’ Y6 Knowledge Organiser History: Life in Boomtown Bolton Luddite What was life like for children in textile mills? The Luddites were 19th-century English textile Huge mills were built in the 18th and 19th centuries. To workers who protested against the machines produce cotton and woollen cloth, the mills needed a developed during the period of industrial revolution, vast workforce which included children. Children were which meant that skilled labour was no longer apprenticed at nine and were given lodgings, food and needed. Less skilled machine workers could do the an hour of schooling a week. Hours were long and the work for less pay. mills were noisy, hot, dusty and dangerous places to Machine-breaking Luddites attacked and burned work. Medical records reveal that accidents and disease factories, and in some cases they even exchanged were common. gunfire with company guards and soldiers. The workers hoped their raids would stop employers from installing expensive machinery 1833 Factory Act The British government stopped the uprisings by In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve making machine-breaking punishable by death. conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces Luddites destroy Westhoughton Mill where conditions were often terrible. Westhoughton Mill was one of the first steam- powered textile mills in Lancashire. It employed a large number of local people but because of the machinery, lesser skills were needed and it became a target for The Luddites A boy, Abraham Charlson, was passed through a small window and opened the factory to the mob, who destroyed all the machinery, and set fire to the buildings. A blue plaque on the side of As punishment four people were hanged and a a building in further nine deported to Australia for seven years. Westhoughton Abraham Charlson is an ancestor of Mrs Lightbown .