- - ._ . - . _ - - . - . - _ . - . - . _ . - - _ . - - - . - - . _ . 1- ! ; * * ; GENERAL DYNAMI' ', , Land Systems Division i ! ! ! ! : i ! - RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT : FOR SITE CLOSURE ' : 1 ' : i : DETROIT ARSENAL TANK PLANT (DATP) i BUILDING 4 i 28251 VAN DYKE : i ' WARREN, MICHIGAN 48090 i ; ! ; i ! ! ! i . ! i , . REFERENCE: t U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (NRC) ; . RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS LICENSE ' i No. 21-21068-01, Amendment No.10 ; Docket No. 030-19731 i 9703120167 970305 PDR ADOCK 03019731 , C PDR - - . _ _ _ _ _. _ . _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - . _ . W . I- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ; , Declining tank production rates and lower defense spending caused the 1995 Base ' Realignment Closure Commission to recommend that the Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant i , (DATP), a Government Owned Contractor Operated (GOCO) facility, be shut down. For I the years that General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) has produced tank systems at DATP (since 1982), tank production operations were specific to Building 4 of the plant, Bays K & L. Extensive radiological wipe testing was conducted in these areas in an I effort to quantify any removable radiological contamination that may have been present as a result of GDLS's use of sealed tritium (H-3) sources in the tank's fire control system; ! specifically the Muzzle Reference Sensor (MRS). Results by liquid scintillation analysis 4 indicate a level of removable tritium contamination much lower than (by a factor of | approximately ten (10)) the NRC's unrestricted release limit (1000 disintegrations per ' minute (dpm) per 100 cm2 ). ' Four (4) areas showed levels of removable contamination near or at the Department of the Army's release limit (100 dpm/100 cm'). These areas , were decontaminated to "no detectable activity" (NDA). No other radiological contaminants were observed. Contingent on the review and approval of this report by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), DATP's Building 4 will be released to the ; Department of the Army (DoA) for unrestricted use. L 1 ! a j. | 4 u ; i i J , _ - , _ , - ._ _ . _ . _ . _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _. ___._. _ _. ._. - _ . _ . : , 4 ; TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 SECTION 3 TITLE PAGE ; 1.0 BACKGROUND 1 2.0 1 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL 3 | 2.1 NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (NRC) LICENSING 3 2.2 DEPARTMENT of the ARMY (DoA) PERMIT AUTHORIZATION 3 3.0 PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS 5 3.1 RADIOLOGICAL SURVEYS - GRID DEVELOPMENT 5 ; 3.2 - ESTABLISHING SITE BACKGROUND LEVELS S 1 { 3.3 TRITIUM (H-3) CONTAMINATION EVALUATION 6 i ' 3.3.1 BAYS K & L 6 | 3.3.0. OTHER POTENTIAL AREAS OF H-3 CONTAMINATION 6 : 3.4 i THORIUM / DEPLETED URANIUM CONTAMINATION EVALUATION 7 3.5 RADIOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION 8 ; 3.5.1 LIQUID SCINTILLATION METHOD 8 | 4.0 PRELIMINARY RESULTS 9 4.1 TRITIUM CONTAMINATION 9 : ; 4.1.1 CONFIDENCE LEVEL of the SURVEY 9 ! 4.2 THORIUM / DEPLETED URANIUM CONTAMINATION 10 ' 4.3 ARMY REGULATION AR385-11 11 ; 5.0 CHARACTERIZATION ANALYSIS 12 ; 6.0 FINAL ANALYSIS 13 4 6.1 DECONTAMINATION EFFORTS 13 . , 6.2 FINAL SURVEY 13 , 7.0 CONCLUSIONS 14 8.0 RECORD MAINTENANCE 15 9.0 REFERENCES 16 i n ; i .. -. -- .. 1 | I TAI 3LE OF FIGURES ' FIGURE TITLE PAGE 1 STANDARD SAMPLING PATTERN FOR GRID SURVEY OF FLOOR 6 2 CHARACTERIZATION SURVEY TECHNIQUE 12 | l TABLE OF TABLES TABLE TITLE PAGE 1 TRITIUM / THORIUM / DEPLETED URANIUM DECAY : p' EMISSIONS 7 TABLE OF APPENDICES APPENDIX TITLE PAGE I DATP BAYS K & L SAMPLING GRID 17 II PRELIMINARY SURVEY DATA 18 III H-3 CONTAMINATION DETECTED vs. " UNRESTRICTED USE" LIMIT 19 IV LIQUID SCINTILLATION GENERATED DATA 20 V H-3 CONTAMINATION DETECTED vs. DoA "AR385-11" LIMIT 21 VI CHARACTERIZATION SURVEY DATA 22 VII FINAL SURVEY DATA 23 VIII DEPARTMENT of the ARMY PERMIT AUTHORIZATION 24 - ~ . - - - . -.. - - - - - . - - - - - .-- . - - 4 ! | 1.0 BACKGROUND . : During World War II, specifically the summer of 1940, the Nazi offensive relentlessly j pushed the allies from the European continent. As a result of this, the War Department, known today as the Department of Defense (DoD), began to address large scale [ production of all types of weapons, including thousands of tanks. It became apparent that 2 the growing demand of high volume tank production would require a new plant specifically designed and equipped to build tanks. In September -1940,'the construction of the Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant (DATP) in i Warren, Michigan began. By late summer 1941, the construction of the plant had been ' ' completed. When DATP actually opened, the United States government issued a contract ! to Chrysler Corporation to build 1,400 M3 Grant tanks. During World War II (from 1941 . through 1945), a total of 22,234 tanks were produced at DATP. : ? From 1946 through 1951, the DATP became a tank development and modification center operated by.the government. During this period it produced prototype systems, modified and remanufactured existing tanks, and conducted an extensive M46 tank conversion program. During this five (5) year period, DATP was the United States' only active tank manufacturing facility. In 1955, new tank production was temporarily ceased at the plant. From 1956 through 1960, DATP supported various tank production facilities (i.e. American Locomotive, GM Fisher Body, Ford Motor Company, and the Delaware Tank Plant) with machined component parts. In 1960, with the introduction of the M60 tank, | DATP again became the United States' only active main battle tank producing facility, a , position retained for the next twenty (20) years. Production of the M60 series tank was ' concluded in 1987. In addition to the accelerated production effons at DATP in 1973, manufacturing of the XM1 prototype tank was initiated. The XM1 was a totally new, next generation tank with a 1500 hp gas turbine engine and improved armor protection, stuvivability, speed, and mobility. In order to successfully meet new contractual requirements, several commodities were integrated into the Abrams which utilized radioactive material, both exempt and licensable quantities. These commodities included the Muzzle Reference Sensor (MRS) (tritium), optical coatings in the thermal imaging system (Thorium Fluoride), the combustor liner assembly in the turbine engine (Nickel Thoria), and eventually the incorporation of depleted uranium armor. Section 2.0 (Radioactive Material) provides tne specific details surrounding the types and uses of these materials. Prior to actual production of the M1 Abrams tank at DATP, machining of M1 Abrams component parts began here in 1979, with the first delivery to the Lima Army Tank Plant '(LATP) in the spring of that year. In October 1981, assembly of the M1 Abrams tank began at the DATP. By.1982, Chrysler Corporation's Tank Production Division was purchased by General Dynamics. Furthermore, in March of that year, the first two (2) "DATP produced" M1 Abrams tanks were delivered to the United States Army, in 1 _ _. _ _ _ _ ... ____ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ .--__ __- _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ J h 1.0 3 BACKGROUND (continued) ' August 1985, DATP delivered the first production M1 A1 Abrams tank. This tank system I i ! ' was an evolutionary product improvement of the original M1 Abrams tank. Significant changes included a 120 mm smooth bore cannon system, a nuclear biological chemical 4 (NBC) crew protection system, and improved armor. The last MI Al Abrams built at the I DATP was delivered to the U.S. Army in September 1991. , Following the last M1 A1 delivered from the DATP in 1991, the plant continued M1A1 | component parts machining. Shortly thereafter, Ml A2 component parts machining was 3 added to the plant's responsibilities. From December 1993 through September 1996, ' DATP also served as a modification center for Abrams tanks sold to the Kingdom of i Saudi Arabia and Government of Kuwait. < . Despite decades of successful operation, the combination of declining tank production rates and lower defense spending over recent years caused the 1995 Base Realignment i and Closure Commission to recommend that the DATP be shut down. In December j 1996, General Dynamics Land Systems phased out its manufacturing operations at the J DATP. By mid January 1997, all remaining General Dynamics produced Abrams Tank ' Systems located at DATP were taken possession of by the Department of the Army. 4 . W 4 e 2 ._ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 2.0 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL 2.1 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Licensing | | i With the evolution of the M60 into the XM1, came the incorporation of the Muzzle I Reference Sensor (MRS) into the tank's fire control system. This unit is installed on the ! main weapon of the Abrams tank system. The purpose of the MRS is to provide the tank's gunner with a means for correcting fire control solutions to compensate for gun tube bend caused by the uneven heating and cooling effects of solar radiation, wind, rain, and main gun firing. The MRS system permits bore sight correction whenever the gunner | suspects gun tube movement and he aligns the primary sight reticle with the muzzle l mounted MRS reticle. The gunner enters necessary changes semi-automatically into the vehicle's fire control ballistic computer. Originally, each MRS contained a sealed source , filled with seven (7) Curies (Ci) of a high purity tritium gas encapsulated under 40 psi | pressure. As optical improvements became necessary over the years, a 10 Ci tritium source was required. The interaction of the F emissions from the tritium gas and the phosphor coated glass capsule which contains it, provides illumination of the MRS l collimator reticle with the Gunner's Primary Sight (GPS) reticle (aiming reticle) during periods of no or low light conditions.