--168 --122 --117 --112 --98 --96 --95 --91 --87 --85 I 1920 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 32 41 42 .. Grand Coulee Spills Over! The greatest struc­ America's Power Goes Up! Chart shows total ture on earth is now producing power for Uncle conversion of electricity in U. S. in billions of Sam, fighting for the life of this nation. Bureau kw.-hr. Estimate for 1942 is based on 15 per­ of Reclamation Photo. cent increase over 1941. TECHNOCRACY 3 O FF ICIAL MAGAZINE OF TECHNOCRACY INC. What Shall It Profit Ye? By Howard Scott Director-in-Chief, Technocracy Inc. Warfare, The Armed Conflict of Political States their homeland except a supply of original weapons and men. The military movements of the armed forces were necessarily limited to contiguous territory N THE LAST 70 centuries of man's history human in which sustenance could be acquired by conquest. I beings have organized themselves to conduct many The means of transportation were few and limited. and varied conflicts either against the natural forces Horses, while used for many centuries were used only of their environment or against human enemies seek­ as ridden animals; the horse as a transport animal ing to oppose them. for hauling loaded vehicles did not come into exten­ Mankind has been engaged in warlike conflict al­ sive use until the invention of the collar and hame in most continuously in this long historic stretch. Since the thirteenth century. (Stirrups were not invented 16oo B.C. down to today the world has enjoyed as a until after 500 A.D.) The wars of history were there­ whole less than 330 years of peace. Less than 10 per­ fore limited by territorial considerations of possessing cent of 3500 years has witnessed no warfare on this a source of supply and by the inadequate, slow trans­ earth of ours. Throughout these 70 centuries human portation of foot troops and .oxcarts. beings have died in conflict with other human beings Up to two centuries ago wars, like the migrations on the fields of battle, and the ranks of mankind have of people and the expansion of the human race, were been decimated by floods, famine, drought, and dis­ confined mostly to the North Temperate Zone. The ease with and without the combat of warfare. predominant direction of all wars in Europe and Asia There have been many kinds of war, from simple for thousands of years has been an east-west (or west­ tribal raids and forced migrations of people intruding east) direction. The direction of wars has been similar into other lands to those of trained armies of city, to and in many cases simultaneous with (either pre­ state, kingdom, and country, seeking to dominate a ceding or following) the migrations of people, for the greater area than the homeland. There have been chief expansion movement of peoples has been from nationalistic wars, religious wars, imperialist wars, and east to west. The conflict of human warfare has one world war, but today the wor1d is involved in paralleled this expansion. the first total war in history. The Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Medes and the In over 68 of these 70 centuries the military conflict Persians carried their war.s to the Egyptians, the was always conducted by armed forces that lived off Mycenians, and the Greeks. Each and every ex­ the territory of the enemy and necessitated little from pansion and war has exhibited the general tendency, 4 TECHNOCRACY economy, namely, warfare was conducted with hand­ The internal technological pres­ tool armies limited in mobility by their dependence sures of the dominant Temperate on the limited transportation of the foot soldier and Zone political states will force an ex­ the low striking power of hand · weapons vs hand pansion into the Arctic and the weapons. Mankind had to await the discovery of the Tropics and it is of little moment means of converting extraneous energy be'fore he could whether the expansion occurs as a implement himself with the facilities for conquering result of peaceful consolidation or space and time and all the zones of the earth. as the result of military conquest. \Vhile some trade was conducted in historic times by overland caravan merchants and by sea traders, still it must be stated that those simple means of transport and production would never have become up until the last three centuries, of the east fighting effective enough to have achieved a great surplus and expanding its way west. In all the "long course of production or the development of world trade. World Egyptian history from the first Dynasty to Ptolemy trade could not have been conceived of nor carried the armed forces of Egypt only extended their south­ out by J ulius Caesar, nor could Julius Caesar have ern boundaries a step beyond the geographical Egypt fought a total war. While the legions of Imperial that we know today. The east-west movements of the Rome fought from the British Isles to North Africa and the Near East, war 8,ooo miles away from Rome barbaric Alaric and Attila were followed in turn by was not only inconceivable it was physically impos­ many others including the Saracens, the Turks, and sible. Trade only became world trade as technology Ghengis Khan and Tamerlane. developed the requisite means of production, trans­ The re-discovery of the Western Hemisphere by portation and communication. Humanity has accom­ Columbus in 1492 led to a further westward expansion plished this feat only within the last 150 years of the to be followed by expansion in the Western Hemi­ 7 ,ooo years of recorded history. sphere from the eastern coast toward the Pacific. The movements of wars and populations proceeded on In the year 18oo the population of the world was their east-west or west-east plane. Simultaneously estimated to be 85o,ooo,ooo; today, in 1942, the popu­ with the east-west movement to the Western Hemi­ lation is estimated to be approximately 2>40o,ooo,ooo. sphere, Russia began an eastward movement which The expansion of the human race in the last 150 finally reached the Pacific at approximately the same years has been more than twice as great as its total time that the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock. growth in the preceding 69 centuries. The habitable The east-west movement and the west-east movement portions of the world, in the course of this long of population and human conflict finally circled the progression of east-west, west-east movement of the globe to meet each other first in the North Pacific and human race, have become occupied finally to such an later in the island lands of the Pacific. extent that there are no longer any appreciable un­ The pressure of population in conflict with the occupied portions in the Temperate Zone. Mankind natural forces of their habitat invariably forced ex­ has achieved this increase of population and wide­ pansion and conflict with other areas and other spread occupation of the earth through the tech­ people. The expansion of population and the con­ nological application of science to the area operation flict of human warfare were channelized down through of his various national economies. If mankind had the centuries chiefly through the North Temperate insisted on operating solely with human toil and hand Zone with few exceptions. As other hemispheres and tools the population would not have grown, time continents were discovered within the last few hun­ and space would not have been conquered, and pro­ dred years, the movements of people have spread to duction would have remained at the scarcity starva­ the South Temperate Zone and to various localized tion level that had existed for untold centuries. areas of the Tropics where fortuitous combinations The east_-west direction of population growth will of climate, soil and rainfall permitted the develop­ be forced znto a north-south, south-north movement. ment of a stable economy. Political states now possess in their technological economies the facilities with which to invade and de­ All the economies prior to 18oo A.D. were human velop the regions of both the Arctic and the Tropics. toil, hand-tool economies deriving their livelihood The physical demand of increasing resource-consump­ directly from the soil by the application of human tion of the technological 'economy of the dominant toil to crude tools and implements. The armed con­ Temperate Zone political states will force a political flicts of these economies naturally were fought on the expansion to occur in the north-south direction. The same general characteristics as the conduct of their modern political state of the Temperate Zone, at- TECHNOCRACY 5 tempting to· produce the major portion of its physical nuhtary warfare may have . forced same r)\ational wealth /;Jy technological processes, will be compelled ent,ity to introduce in its wartime economy regulations by tht; rising energy demands of those processes to rat~oning the consumption of food materials and acquire and develop new and greater sources of energy travel, but none of the emergency wartime regulations supply. This internal technological pressure of the of the national entities of yesterday's armed conflict5 dominant T emperate Zone political states will force ever in any way introduced even the slightest change in an expansion into the Arctic and the Tropics and it the basic techniques of the production of physical is of little moment whether the expansion occurs as wealth or in the operational structure of their economy! n result of peaceful consolidation or as the result of The wars of yesterday were fought principally with milita1·y conquest.