I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER WELCOME V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 6 J ULY /A UGUST 2 0 1 3 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the July/August 2013 issue of CERN Courier. This “double issue” provides plenty to read during what is for many people the holiday season. The feature articles illustrate well the breadth of modern IceCube brings particle physics – from the Standard Model, which is still being tested in the analysis of data from Fermilab’s Tevatron, to the tantalizing hints of news from the deep extraterrestrial neutrinos from the IceCube Observatory at the South Pole. A connection of a different kind between space and particle physics emerges in the interview with the astronaut who started his postgraduate life at CERN, while connections between particle physics and everyday life come into focus in the application of particle detectors to the diagnosis of breast cancer. And if this is not enough, take a look at Summer Bookshelf, with its selection of suggestions for more relaxed reading. To sign up to the new issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up. To subscribe to the magazine, the e-mail new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe. ISOLDE OUTREACH TEVATRON From new magic LHC tourist trail to the rarest of gets off to a LEGACY EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN elements great start Results continue DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK p6 p43 to excite p17 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 6 J ULY /A UGUST 2 0 1 3 CERN Courier July/August 2013 Contents Covering current developments in high-energy physics and related fi elds worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affi liated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN CERNCOURIER management. Editor Christine Sutton V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 6 J ULY /A UGUST 2 0 1 3 News editor Kate Kahle Editorial assistant Laura Hourican CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail [email protected] 5 N EWS Fax +41 (0) 22 785 0247 Web cerncourier.com • IceCube detects ultra-high-energy events and observes oscillations ISOLDE experiments: from a new magic number to Advisory board Luis Álvarez-Gaumé, James Gillies, Horst Wenninger • the rarest element CMS sees fi rst direct evidence for γγ→WW Laboratory correspondents: • Argonne National Laboratory (US) Cosmas Zachos ALICE through a gamma-ray looking glass New precision Brookhaven National Laboratory (US) P Yamin • • Cornell University (US) D G Cassel measurement of the Λb lifetime Council updates European DESY Laboratory (Germany) Till Mundzeck • EMFCSC (Italy) Anna Cavallini Strategy for Particle Physics • EC and CERN support major Enrico Fermi Centre (Italy) Guido Piragino facility in Middle East ILC Technical Design Report is published Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Katie Yurkewicz • Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany) Markus Buescher Giant magnet ring makes epic journey DESY inaugurates GSI Darmstadt (Germany) I Peter • • IHEP, Beijing (China) Tongzhou Xu prototype for the Cherenkov Telescope Array IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia) Yu Ryabov INFN (Italy) Romeo Bassoli Jefferson Laboratory (US) Steven Corneliussen 12 S CIENCEWATCH JINR Dubna (Russia) B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japan) Nobukazu Toge Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US) Spencer Klein 14 A STROWATCH Los Alamos National Laboratory (US) Rajan Gupta NCSL (US) Ken Kingery Nikhef (Netherlands) Robert Fleischer 15 RCHIVE Novosibirsk Institute (Russia) S Eidelman A Orsay Laboratory (France) Anne-Marie Lutz PSI Laboratory (Switzerland) P-R Kettle Saclay Laboratory (France) Elisabeth Locci F EATURES Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) Julia Maddock 17 The Tevatron’s data continue to excite SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Farnaz Khadem TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada) Marcello Pavan Latest results from 10 years of proton–antiproton running. Produced for CERN by IOP Publishing Ltd IOP Publishing Ltd, Temple Circus, Temple Way, 23 ClearPEM clarifi es breast cancer diagnosis Bristol BS1 6HG, UK Tel +44 (0)117 929 7481 A dedicated PET device has its origins in detectors for the LHC. Publisher Susan Curtis Production editor Jesse Karjalainen, Lisa Gibson 26 The case for a circular e+e– Higgs factory Technical illustrator Alison Tovey Group advertising manager Chris Thomas Options for a Higgs factory include a bigger version of LEP. Advertisement production Katie Graham Marketing & Circulation Angela Gage 28 From CERN to space – and back Head of B2B & Marketing Jo Allen Art director Andrew Giaquinto A CERN fellow who became an astronaut talks about his life. Advertising Tel +44 (0)117 930 1026 (for UK/Europe display advertising) 30 The return of quarkonia or +44 (0)117 930 1164 (for recruitment advertising); E-mail: [email protected]; fax +44 (0)117 930 1178 LHC results cast light on heavy quark–antiquark bound states. General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] 32 Beauty in Bologna In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, The latest news from the Beauty 2013 international conference. PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China E-mail: [email protected] Germany Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany 35 Neutrino telescopes point towards exotic physics E-mail: [email protected] Report from a workshop in Marseilles. Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] 38 F ACES &P LACES UK Mark Wells, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1SZ E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, 49 R ECRUITMENT St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US Fax 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, 52 B OOKSHELF St Charles, IL 60174, US Published by European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Tel +41 (0) 22 767 61 11. Telefax +41 (0) 22 767 65 55 Printed by Warners (Midlands) plc, Bourne, Lincolnshire, UK A digital optical module descends down a hole deep in the ice during © 2013 CERN ISSN 0304-288X On the cover : the installation of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. IceCube has recently detected neutrinos with record-breaking energies around 1 PeV and observed neutrino oscillations (p5). It also has the potential to seach for exotic physics (p35). (Image credit: NSF/B Gudbjartsson.) 3 Untitled-1 1 27/06/2013 14:36 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 6 J ULY /A UGUST 2 0 1 3 Ready to jump in at any stage of your Control System Project... CERN Courier July/August 2013 News N EUTRINOS IceCube detects ultra-high-energy events and observes oscillations Neutrino experiments – thanks to the nature of the particles themselves – are notoriously diffi cult and experiments that make use of the natural source of particles within the cosmic radiation face problems of their own. In detecting cosmic neutrinos, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole successfully contends with both of these challenges, as two papers to appear in Physical Review Letters reveal. They We build the complete illustrate the observatory’s capabilities in particle physics and in astroparticle physics. CS cost-efficiently from tried The potential for IceCube to meet its aim of and proven components detecting neutrinos from astrophysical NEW sources has been boosted by the observation The two observed events from, left, August 2011 and, right, January 2012. Each sphere of two neutrino events with the highest represents an optical module, where the size is a measure of the recorded number of energies ever seen. The events have estimated photo-electrons. Colours represent the arrival times of the photons, where red indicates energies of 1.04±0.16 and 1.14±0.17 PeV – early and blue late times. (Image credit: IceCube collaboration.) hundreds of times greater than the energy of Control System Studio (CSS) protons at the LHC. The expected number of deployed during the period covered by this atmospheric background events at these analysis. The denser core allows lowering the Sommaire en français +0.04 energies is 0.082±0.004 (stat.)–0.057 (syst.) and energy threshold to about 20 GeV. LABVIEW ORACLE, mySQL, etc. IceCube détecte des événements de très 5 We master all control system the probability that the two observed events The analysis revealed the disappearance of haute énergie et observe des oscillations are not background is 2.9 × 10 –3, giving the low-energy, upwards-moving muon cPCI, PXIe, VME, xTCA, MTCA.4 FPGA programming technologies for Big Physics signal a signifi cance of 2.8σ (Aartsen et al. neutrinos and rejected the non-oscillation ISOLDE : un nouveau nombre magique et 6 2013a). While this is not suffi cient to indicate hypothesis with a signifi cance of more than l’élément le plus rare sur la Terre a fi rst observation of astrophysical neutrinos, 5σ. This result verifi es the fi rst, CMS trouve le premier indice de γγ→WW 7 PVSS, FESA, DOOCS, TINE, ACS... Timing system, MPS the closeness in energy of the two events is lower-signifi cance indication reported by the intriguing and is already attracting the ANTARES collaboration. Using a ALICE de l’autre côté d’un miroir à rayons γ 7 attention of theorists. two-neutrino fl avour formalism, the IceCube Nouvelles mesures de précision de la durée 8 Meanwhile, measurements of lower-energy collaboration derived a new estimation of the 2 de vie du Λb neutrinos produced in the atmosphere have oscillation parameters, |Δm23| = +0.6 –3 2 2 enabled the IceCube collaboration to make 2.3–0.5 × 10 eV and sin 2θ23 > 0.93, with Le Conseil du CERN met à jour la stratégie 9 the fi rst statistically signifi cant detection maximum mixing favoured.