ChurchChurch HistoryHistory ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies th th TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades AD 1111th-13-13th centuriescenturies th th TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance AD 1414th-15-15th centuriescenturies th ConquestConquest andand ReformationReformation AD 1616th centurycentury th th TheThe AgeAge ofof EnlightenmentEnlightenment AD 1717th-18-18th centuriescenturies th TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution AD 1919th centurycentury th TheThe ModernModern AgeAge AD 2020th centurycentury st TheThe PostmodernPostmodern AgeAge AD 2121st centurycentury ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies th th TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades AD 1111th-13-13th centuriescenturies th th TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance AD 1414th-15-15th centuriescenturies th ConquestConquest andand ReformationReformation AD 1616th centurycentury Martin Luther Conquests of Various Kinds The New Martyrdom of the Church Die Warhet Ist Untödlich Calvinists and Mennonites The Counter-Reformation The Wars of Religion (part 3) TheThe ReformationReformation EuropeEurope isis inin turmoilturmoil 1500-1500- MuslimMuslim TurksTurks hadhad beenbeen growinggrowing inin powerpower TurkishTurkish piratespirates suchsuch asas KheireddinKheireddin BarbarossaBarbarossa hadhad beenbeen raidingraiding thethe EuropeanEuropean coastlinescoastlines forfor yearsyears InIn thethe spanspan ofof justjust overover 200200 years,years, moremore thanthan oneone millionmillion EuropeansEuropeans werewere capturedcaptured andand soldsold intointo slaveryslavery byby thethe TurksTurks TheThe ReformationReformation EuropeEurope isis inin turmoilturmoil 1500-1500- MuslimMuslim TurksTurks hadhad beenbeen growinggrowing inin powerpower 1560-1560- TheThe FrenchFrench WarsWars ofof ReligionReligion hadhad escalatedescalated TheThe HuguenotsHuguenots werewere slaughteringslaughtering andand beingbeing slaughteredslaughtered byby thethe CatholicCatholic RoyalistsRoyalists (ostensibly being led by new King Charles XI, but really more by his mother, Caterina de Medici, and her political supporters in the House of Guise) TheThe ReformationReformation EuropeEurope isis inin turmoilturmoil 1500-1500- MuslimMuslim TurksTurks hadhad beenbeen growinggrowing inin powerpower 1560-1560- TheThe FrenchFrench WarsWars ofof ReligionReligion hadhad escalatedescalated 15721572 TheThe St.St. Bartholomew'sBartholomew's DayDay MassacreMassacre inin ParisParis TheThe civilcivil warwar hadhad beenbeen goinggoing onon forfor overover aa decade,decade, soso QueenQueen MotherMother CaterinaCaterina offeredoffered anan opportunityopportunity toto endend thethe hostilitieshostilities amicably—amicably— A marriage between her daughter, Margaret, and Henri de Bourbon—Louis' nephew TheThe ReformationReformation FunkyFunky littlelittle teachingteaching moment—moment— ButBut therethere wasn'twasn't aa lotlot ofof lovelove betweenbetween thethe twotwo ——inin part,part, becausebecause MargaretMargaret waswas embroiledembroiled inin aa passionatepassionate affairaffair withwith HenriHenri dede GuiseGuise atat thethe timetime (the(the mortalmortal enemyenemy ofof HenriHenri dede Bourbon)Bourbon) TheThe ReformationReformation EuropeEurope isis inin turmoilturmoil 1500-1500- MuslimMuslim TurksTurks hadhad beenbeen growinggrowing inin powerpower 1560-1560- TheThe FrenchFrench WarsWars ofof ReligionReligion hadhad escalatedescalated 15721572 TheThe St.St. Bartholomew'sBartholomew's DayDay MassacreMassacre inin ParisParis TheThe civilcivil warwar hadhad beenbeen goinggoing onon forfor overover aa decadedecade ButBut thethe weddingwedding dayday arrived,arrived, andand bothboth bridebride andand groomgroom diddid theirtheir dutyduty andand wentwent throughthrough withwith itit But strangely, Henri de Guise wasn't happy at all Nor was new Pope Gregory XIII, who considered it an attack on the Roman Catholic Church to marry the crown princess of France to a Protestant TheThe ReformationReformation FunkyFunky littlelittle teachingteaching moment—moment— PopularPopular HuguenotHuguenot AdmiralAdmiral GaspardGaspard dede ColignyColigny waswas inin towntown forfor thethe wedding—aswedding—as werewere thousandsthousands ofof otherother HuguenotHuguenot nobles,nobles, invitedinvited byby thethe QueenQueen MotherMother andand thethe KingKing InIn fact,fact, KingKing CharlesCharles waswas oneone ofof hishis biggestbiggest fans,fans, whichwhich mademade himhim allall thethe moremore popularpopular andand powerfulpowerful TheThe ReformationReformation FunkyFunky littlelittle teachingteaching moment—moment— PopularPopular HuguenotHuguenot AdmiralAdmiral GaspardGaspard dede ColignyColigny waswas inin towntown forfor thethe wedding—aswedding—as werewere thousandsthousands ofof otherother HuguenotHuguenot nobles,nobles, invitedinvited byby thethe QueenQueen MotherMother andand thethe KingKing WhileWhile hehe waswas walkingwalking downdown thethe street,street, someonesomeone tooktook aa shotshot atat dede ColignyColigny fromfrom thethe windowwindow ofof aa househouse ownedowned byby HenriHenri dede GuiseGuise ButBut thethe attemptedattempted assassinassassin onlyonly shotshot offoff oneone ofof dede Coligny'sColigny's fingersfingers andand brokebroke hishis elbowelbow ButBut thisthis attackattack setset offoff aa cascadecascade ofof violenceviolence TheThe ReformationReformation EuropeEurope isis inin turmoilturmoil 1500-1500- MuslimMuslim TurksTurks hadhad beenbeen growinggrowing inin powerpower 1560-1560- TheThe FrenchFrench WarsWars ofof ReligionReligion hadhad escalatedescalated 15721572 TheThe St.St. Bartholomew'sBartholomew's DayDay MassacreMassacre inin ParisParis TheThe civilcivil warwar hadhad beenbeen goinggoing onon forfor overover aa decadedecade ButBut thethe weddingwedding dayday arrived,arrived, andand bothboth bridebride andand groomgroom diddid theirtheir dutyduty andand wentwent throughthrough withwith itit OstensiblyOstensibly toto protectprotect thethe royalsroyals fromfrom HuguenotHuguenot reprisals,reprisals, CaterinaCaterina commandedcommanded thethe gatesgates ofof ParisParis bebe shutshut andand thatthat itsits citizenscitizens shouldshould armarm themselvesthemselves At this, the predominantly Catholic citizens of Paris began attacking and killing the thousands of Huguenots who had come to town for the wedding An estimated 5-10,000 Huguenots were killed in Paris in three days—and upwards of 20,000 more were killed in the nearby villages TheThe ReformationReformation FunkyFunky littlelittle teachingteaching moment—moment— GaspardGaspard dede ColignyColigny himselfhimself hidhid inin hishis apartmentsapartments untiluntil thethe thirdthird day,day, whenwhen thethe crowd—ledcrowd—led byby HenriHenri dede Guise—finallyGuise—finally brokebroke throughthrough hishis doordoor TheyThey stabbedstabbed himhim throughthrough thethe chestchest andand threwthrew himhim outout ofof thethe windowwindow intointo thethe streets,streets, wherewhere hehe waswas finallyfinally killedkilled byby decapitationdecapitation TheThe maddenedmaddened crowdcrowd thenthen mutilatedmutilated hishis corpsecorpse andand draggeddragged itit throughthrough thethe muddymuddy streetsstreets ofof Paris—Paris— alternatelyalternately flingingflinging itit intointo thethe river,river, hanginghanging itit fromfrom aa pole,pole, andand ultimatelyultimately burningburning itit onon aa pyrepyre TheThe ReformationReformation FunkyFunky littlelittle teachingteaching moment—moment— GaspardGaspard dede ColignyColigny himselfhimself hidhid inin hishis apartmentsapartments untiluntil thethe thirdthird day,day, whenwhen thethe crowd—ledcrowd—led byby HenriHenri dede Guise—finallyGuise—finally brokebroke throughthrough hishis doordoor HenriHenri dede BourbonBourbon alsoalso hidhid fromfrom thethe murderersmurderers ——amazingly,amazingly, protectedprotected byby hishis newnew wife,wife, MargaretMargaret (No,(No, sheshe didn'tdidn't lovelove him,him, butbut sheshe couldn'tcouldn't bearbear toto seesee himhim torntorn toto shredsshreds byby thethe mob)mob) HenriHenri dede BourbonBourbon ultimatelyultimately survivedsurvived thethe MassacreMassacre byby agreeingagreeing toto convertconvert toto Catholicism,Catholicism, andand becamebecame aa virtualvirtual prisonerprisoner atat courtcourt forfor thethe nextnext fourfour yearsyears ButBut inin 1576,1576, hehe escaped—andescaped—and thenthen formallyformally recantedrecanted hishis conversionconversion TheThe ReformationReformation FunkyFunky littlelittle teachingteaching momentmoment2—— PopePope GregoryGregory XIIIXIII waswas aa bigbig fanfan ofof thethe MassacreMassacre WhenWhen hearinghearing aboutabout howhow manymany HuguenotsHuguenots hadhad beenbeen killed,killed, hehe immediatelyimmediately wrotewrote toto KingKing Charles,Charles, sayingsaying “We rejoice with you that, with the help of God, you have relieved the world of these wretched heretics” TheThe ReformationReformation FunkyFunky littlelittle teachingteaching momentmoment2—— PopePope GregoryGregory