The Portuguese in California SAN FRANCISCO CABRILLO CIVIC CLUB FIRST ANNIVERSARY . CllrY-COUNTY rRECOrRD EDITION JANUARY, 1935 Volume 3, Number 1 Price One Dollar 20,000 COPIES " • EVERY GLOBE ~~At~~ PRODU~T IS GUARANTEED! FOR over forty years the GLOBE "Al" trademark has been a guarantee of "Al" quality •.• a guarantee of "Al" cooking and baking results, to California housewives. All six of the Globe Mills are behind this guarantee. And remember, every time you buy a GLOBE "Al" product you contribute to the prosperity of agriculture, industry and employment in your own state. Be sure you buy GLOBE ''Al" ••. there is nothing "just as good"! GLOBE MILLS- CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO CITY-COUNTY RECORD "We'll call a spade a spade" VoLuME 3, No. l SAN FRANCISCO, JANUARY, 1935 Price One Dollar ......, ··- PORTUGAL • • • The Paradise of Europe Comparatively little known as yet, Portugal offers everything that can interest the international tourist, the student, or the seeker of health. Unrivaled scenery, unique climate, and a wealth of monuments and works of art. ITUATED in the extreme south it is the country of the great naviga­ mains of the Celtiberians, Romans. gone ages. The pottery and other S west of Europe, Portugal has an tors. Monuments and works of art Goths and Arabs who held this coun­ household implements, ranging from area of 38,465 square miles with testify thi·s glorious past, and a short try in succession. the most primitive stone tools down to a population of 6,825,883 inhabitants. study of the arts of the country will From the Celtiberians we po s se s~ the copper and iron ages, found on the The Portuguese Colonial Empire has afford some insight into the character not only the "Cromlechs" and "Men· spot, are exhibited and kept in the an area of 802,925 square miles, mak­ and ideals of its people. The magnifi­ hirs," but perfect townships, whicr Archeological Museum, at the anc~ent ing Portugal the fourth Colonial cent monuments of Belem, Thomar have been brought to sight by recent capital of Guimaraes. Power. and Batalha are specimens of that excavations, showing perfectly pre­ The Romans held the Iberian penin­ Portugal offers everything that can era, and besides there still exist some served conic stone huts, and man3 sula in their feud for many centuries, interest and please the international most wonderful and interesting re- "tlther interesting features of long by- and so it comes that the whole country tourist-a temperate climate with al­ is full of their relics, temples, (like most constant sunshine in a beautiful those at Evora and Estoy), aqueducts, clear blue sky, a rich variety of charm­ towers and fortifications are to be ing landscapes, delightful streams and fo und everywhere. The sway of the rivers winding through innumerable Goths was destructive, and little re­ valleys, which stretch in a riot of mains of their passage. They de­ luxuriant vegetation to the very bor­ stroyed the Roman civilization, but in ders of the Atlantic. their turn were utterly annihilated by the following Moorish invasion. The Superior Tourist R esort Arab ~ left here.- ~ ·., "J;,'~,'-!'"::....-t, :;.~•:.:'r;..,. ___._.-:, P ortugal as a tourist resort, is very marks, not only by monuments of m~~ little known as yet, although there are surpassing beauty but also their tra- many points of interest to be visited, ditions and customs. In the southern not to speak of its lovely scenery and parts of the country, the Moorish cus- of its unique climate, unrivalled in toms prevail to a great extent today. Europe, due chiefly to the prevalence of the Gulf Stream. Era of Epic Feats The geographical situation of the The following Christian era is full land, as part of the Iberian peninsula, of the epic feats of the chivalrous sloping down from the Spanish high middle ages culminating in the recon­ plateau to the Atlantic seashore, quist of the land from the Arabs, and stretches in a long line from South to after they had vanished from the pen­ North, comprising countless beauty insula, the Christian Princes began to spots, snow-capped mountains, famous struggle amongst themselves for power rivers, lakes and seashores and a and wealth and many an heroic deed highly varied flora and fauna. performed in those ages made up the Portugal is, moreover, richly en­ Portuguese history. The culminating dowed with mineral springs rivalling feature of it however, is the epoch of with the most famous spas such as the great discoveries by sea. The Vichy, Karlsbad, Evian, Vittel, and Portuguese seafarers such as Vasco countless hot and cold sulphur springs. da Gama, Cabral, Diogo Cao and Ma­ Some of these spas are situated amidst galhaes together with Christopher Col­ beautiful scenery,and combine climatic umbus left their mark on the world's and medical advantages. In and about history. many of these noted resorts are found places of deep historic interest. Discoveries Brought Wealth The rounding of the Cape of Good Climate Surpasses Riviera Hope and the discovery of the way to A special feature is the climatic GENERAL CARMONA India by Vasco da Gama brought condition of the country being entirely President of the Republic of Portugal great wealth to Portugal, and subse­ under the influence of the Gulf quently, with increasing prosperity, Stream, so much so, that the climate, General Antonio Oscar de Fragoso Carmona was born in Lisbon, came the desire of ostentation. Court especially in winter, surpasses the on November 24, 1869. He entered the military service when he was and nobility vied with each other in Riviera and other places known for eighteen years of age. His military career has been always very suc­ the display of riches; great palaces, their mild temperature. The Gulf cessful, both in his examinations ·for promotion in rank, and in the churches and other monuments were Stream strikes the Portuguese coast commands which he has held with a competence and honesty rarely built, and what remains bears testi­ at Figueira, from whence it divides equalled. General Carmona took over the dictatorship of Portugal on mony to the magnificence of that itself into two branches, one over­ July 9, 1926. Since then he, together with Dr. Oliveira Salazar, Secre­ period. sweeps the southern part of the coun­ tary of Finances, has remodelled the national life of Portugal. His Tourists will thus experience many try, and the other the northern part, term will end in March, 1935, but the Portuguese people, who revere delights in visiting Portugal, whether so that the climate of the whole coast him so much, are expected to reelect him because it will be hard to their object be health or pleasure. and part of the inland regions is com­ find another man in the country of such intelligence, prudence, and Communications with Portugal are pletely modified. honesty as General Carmona possesses. relatively easy. Lisbon is the most im­ Although a very small country, it portant center, either by sea . or 1and, was great in historical achievements; to any of the main parts of Europe. 2 CITY-COUNTY RECORD JANUARY, 1935 Portugal Throughout the Age~ ORTUGAL'S contribution to from the ports of this intrepid coun­ Pcivilization is most remarkable. try, expedition after expedition result­ The advancement of humanity to ing in rapid order, in various discov­ its status of today is due in no small eries of new lands and sea routes measure to the achievements of this throughout the globe. great people, the Portuguese. A mod­ The Azores Islands, the Madeira est, retiring people, the record of their Islands, Cape Verde Islands and others accomplishments covers pages in the along the west coast of Africa weFe history of the entire world. Their implanted with the banner of Portugal navigators, their explorers and their as wa? Brap>:il on the. c~ntinent ,of colo'nizers 'have 'plan:ted their banners South Amer'ica. · · in every nook and corner of the globe. }lecitals of the deeds of these valiant Portuguese West Africa men would require many volumes, and On the west coast· of Africa itself so only a summary of their contribu­ today we find Angola or Portuguese tion to civilization is submitted so that West Africa and Portuguese Guinea their descendants may hold in just with a total area of about 500,000 pri'de the heritage which is theirs. square miles and Mosambique, 'on· the East Coast, area 430,000 square miles, Romans Entered Portugal testifying to the adventurous ·spirit of 'The inception of Portugal known to The Tower of Belem, the landmark of Lisbon, rises on the very spot whence those illustrious navigators of an historians, is Iberia or the Iberian Vasco da Gama started on his discovery of India earlier day. • Peninsula, which today comprises The first of the Western maritii11e Portugal and Spain. The aboriginals powers to open direct relations with were Iberians, living in large families Portugal's National Life Centers China was Portugal. In 1498 Vasco under the direction of the elders, the da Gama doubled the Cape ' of Good grandfathers, and united into tribes About Prime Minister Salazar Hope and led the way to India. In for protection from enemies. The -Dr. Antonio Oliveira Salazar Has Proved to Be the Man of the Hour 1511 Afonso d' Albuquerque captured tribe's ruled their . respective com­ Malacca; in 1516 Rafael Perest'relo munities. in Portugal's Economic Affairs. Due to His Initiative and Efforts, Country Is Assuming Leading voyaged to China; and in 1517 Fernao When the Romans entered .into Part in World Affairs. Perez de Andrade came to St. John's Portugal about 201 B.