92 Chapter 5 ■ ANSWERS TO TERMINOLOGY SECTION Chapter Five Answers to Terminology Section (textbook pages 155–160) Terminology Meaning Parts of the Body perianal Pertaining to surrounding the anus. appendectomy Removal (resection) of the appendix. appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix. buccal mucosa The mucous membrane (mucosa) lining the cheek. cecal Pertaining to the cecum. celiac Pertaining to the abdomen. cheilosis Abnormal condition of the lips. cholecystectomy Removal of the gallbladder. choledochotomy Incision of the common bile duct. colostomy New opening of the colon to the outside of the body. colonic Pertaining to the colon. colonoscopy Process of visual examination of the colon. dentibuccal Pertaining to tooth and cheek. duodenal Pertaining to the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). enterocolitis Inflammation of the small and large intestines. enteroenterostomy New opening between two previously unconnected parts of the small intestine. mesentery Membrane that holds the intestines together (literally, middle of the intestines). parenteral Pertaining to apart from the intestines (refers to delivery of substances any way other than through the digestive tract). esophageal Pertaining to the esophagus. facial Pertaining to the face. gastrostomy New opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall. This may be necessary to introduce food into the stomach. gingivitis Inflammation of the gums. hypoglossal Pertaining to under the tongue. hepatoma Tumor (malignant) of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma. hepatomegaly Enlargement of the liver. ileocecal sphincter Pertaining to the ring of muscles between the ileum and the cecum. ileitis Inflammation of the ileum. ileostomy New opening of the ileum to the outside of the body. choledochojejunostomy New opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum; anastomosis. gastrojejunostomy New opening between the stomach and the jejunum; anastomosis. labial Pertaining to the lip. laparoscopy Visual examination of the abdomen. sublingual Pertaining to under the tongue. submandibular Pertaining to under the lower jaw. orthodontist Dentist specializing in straightening teeth. periodontist Dentist specializing in gums. endodontist Dentist specializing in operating within the tooth (root canal specialist). oral Pertaining to the mouth. palatoplasty Surgical repair of the palate. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 005-Ch05-9781437720235.indd5-Ch05-9781437720235.indd 9922 11/12/2010/12/2010 11:13:08:13:08 PPMM Chapter 5 ■ ANSWERS TO TERMINOLOGY SECTION 93 pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas. peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum. pharyngeal Pertaining to the throat. palatopharyngoplasty Surgical repair of the palate and throat. proctologist Specialist in the anus and rectum. pyloroplasty Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter. rectocele Hernia of the rectum. sialadenitis Inflammation of salivary glands. sigmoidoscopy Visual examination of the sigmoid colon. stomatitis Inflammation of the mouth. uvulectomy Removal of the uvula. Substances amylase Enzyme that digests starch. biliary Pertaining to bile. hyperbilirubinemia Excess bilirubin in the blood; jaundice. cholelithiasis Abnormal condition of gallstones. achlorhydria Lack of hydrochloric acid. gluconeogenesis Production of new sugar from proteins and fats (by the liver). hyperglycemia High blood sugar. glycogenolysis Breakdown of glycogen to form sugar (glucose). lipoma Tumor of fat (benign). lithogenesis Formation of a stone (calculus). protease Enzyme that digests protein. sialolith Salivary (gland) stone. steatorrhea Discharge of fats (in feces). Suffixes lipase Enzyme to digest fats. hematochezia Bright red blood in the feces. choledocholithiasis Condition of stones in the common bile duct. postprandial Pertaining to after meals. Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 005-Ch05-9781437720235.indd5-Ch05-9781437720235.indd 9933 11/12/2010/12/2010 11:13:08:13:08 PPMM.