Name Chapter 33 - Invertebrates - As you read, focus on the trends, the increasing complexity of the organisms and the adaptations to their environment. Use the information from P. Porifera as a sample for the - type of information you are looking for for each of the - Parazoa – no real tissues following animals. Go to your book to find o P. Porifera – sponges characteristics for each of the following groups. Complete this BEFORE lecture! . Sessile; no nerves or muscles . Water flows in thru pores and into the spongocoel (central cavity) then out thru the osculum (large opening) Filter-feeder → choanocytes (collar cells) trap food particles and ingest by phagocytosis; they line the spongocoel . Hermaphrodites → can cross fertilize with water currents . Zygote → swimming larva → sessile adult . Regeneration . Symmetry -- Use the diagram below to label the anatomy of a sponge. - Eumetazoa – TRUE TISSUE o Radiata → radial symmetry; diploblastic . P. Cnidaria – Ex. _____opening 1 2 forms: o o Nervous system → Cnidocytes → Nematocysts → 1. What is the difference between a polyp and a medusa? Label the diagram below representing the life cycle of Obelia. P. Ctenophora – comb jellies Locomotion → Tentacles and colloblasts → o Bilateria → bilateral symmetry; triploblastic . Recall: Protostomes (characteristics) → Deuterostomes (characteristics) → . Protostomes 1. Lophotrochozoa – have a lophophore (Definition → ___________________ _______________________________________________________________) 2 o P. Platyhelminthes – Ex. Symmetry – . Number of tissue layers— . Digestive system yes or no Number of openings____ . Gastrulation (protostome or Deuterostome) . Circulatory system Yes or no – Open or closed . Gastrovascular cavity with ____ opening o Cephalization → eyespots vs. lateral flaps o Nervous system → o Reproduction → o P. Rotifera – Ex. Pseudocoelomates . Have organ systems and a complete digestive tract (mouth and anus) . ___________________________ draws water into mouth . Parthenogenesis → Other types of eggs develop into males, but only long enough to make sperm → zygote → dormant during unfavorable conditions o P. Mollusca – Ex. Soft-bodied; most protected by a _________________ . Body plan – 3 main parts → 1. 2. 3. Fig. 33.16 pg. 656 . Symmetry – . Number of tissue layers— . Digestive system yes or no Number of openings____ 3 . Gastrulation (protostome or Deuterostome) . Circulatory system Yes or no – Open or closed . Radula → . Both sexes; some hermaphrodite . Trochophore → . Coelomates; open circulatory system o Foot acts as a __________________________ C. Gastropoda – Ex. o o o Grazers and predators –→ o Some are terrestrial with and without shells (snail vs. slugs) C. Bivalvia – Ex. o o Foot → o Mantle → 4 o No distinct head, no radula o Path of water → C. Cephalopoda – Ex. o Built for ________________ o Carnivores; inject _____________ = immobilization o Chambered nautiluses → o Move using __________________; can point in different directions o Giant squid → o Closed circulatory system; will-developed nervous system with complex brain; well developed eyes o o P. Annelida – Ex. Symmetry – . Number of tissue layers— . Digestive system yes or no Number of openings____ . Gastrulation (protostome or Deuterostome) . Circulatory system Yes or no – Open or closed . Nervous system → . Respiratory organ = _____________ (diffusion) . Metanephridia → . Regeneration→ 5 . 3 classes: C. Oligochaeta – Ex. o Undigested food exits thru anus o Helps till the land o ________________ head o No parapodia (almost-feet → locomotion) C. Polychaeta o Has setae (bristles) and parapodia o Marine; crawl/ burrow on ocean floor . Two well-adapted developments in annelids: 1. 2. 2. Ecdysozoa – Definition → o P. Nematoda – Ex. Symmetry – . Number of tissue layers— . Digestive system yes or no Number of openings____ 6 . Gastrulation (protostome or Deuterostome) . Circulatory system Yes or no – Open or closed o . Non-segmented; pseudocoelomates . Exoskeleton → . Reproduction/ Fertilization → . Important in _____________________ and ___________________ o Phylum. Arthropoda – Ex. MOST SUCCESSFUL OF ALL ANIMAL PHYLA . Symmetry – . Number of tissue layers— . Digestive system yes or no Number of openings____ . Gastrulation (protostome or Deuterostome) . Circulatory system Yes or no – Open or closed . Exoskeleton → . Jointed appendages → . Cephalization; well-developed sensory organs Hemolymph → . Organs specialized for gas exchange: Aquatic = ________________ Terrestrial = _____________________ . 4 main groups: 1. Groups can be 2. classified as phyla, subphyla, or classes 3. depending on the 4. scheme 7 Much segmentation → as arthropods evolved, segments fused and number of segments decreased . Chelicerates Ex. Chelicerae → Cephalothorax and abdomen Class Arachnida – Ex. o One or two main parts o ___ pairs of appendages: . 1 pair – . 1 pair – . 4 pairs – o Gas exchange → o Spin silk webs . Catches flying insects . Spinning web = inherited trait 3. Uniramians o Ex. o 1 pair ___________________________ o 1 pair ___________________ o ______________________ appendages o Class Diplopoda – Ex. ____ pairs of legs per segment o Class Chilopoda – Ex. ___ pair of legs per segment o Class Insecta – Ex. Now divided into several insect classes . Most diverse class . Entomology → . _______ pairs of wings (on thorax) 8 Wings → Early function of wings = ___________________ Usually mate ___________ per lifetime . Insects: HELPFUL → HARMFUL → 4. Crustaceans o Ex. o o Mainly aquatic o ___ pair compound eyes o Only arthropods with 2 pairs of antennae o o Gas exchange → o Circulatory system → o Separate sexes o Larval stages → o Several groups of crustaceans . ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ How many times did segmentation evolve in animals??? - Still present (ex. vertebrae in backbone) - 3 theories: o __ origins of segmentation Fig. 33.36 pg. 672 o __ origins of segmentation o __ origin of segmentation 9 Up to this point….Protostomes…now…. Deuterostomia P. Echinodermata o o Usually center with ___ spokes (sea stars) o Thin skin covers … o Water vascular system → o Reproduction → o Look radial, but actually have ____________________ symmetry o All are marine . C. Asteroidea – Ex. 5 or more arms with tube feet on the underside (locomotion, suction, grasping prey) Digestive System → 10 .