NATIONAL OCEAN SCIENCES BOWL 2019 SPONSORS Welcome to the 22nd Annual National Ocean Sciences Bowl (NOSB) Finals! We are particularly proud of this year’s theme, Observe the Ocean; Secure the Future. Measuring properties of the sea is one of the earliest ways in which humans scientifically studied the ocean and is key to how we will ensure that our ocean planet prospers. We’ve come a long way from the days of Charles Darwin taking notes on plankton during his voyage on HMS Beagle. Ocean observations collected continuously across the world’s ocean yield massive amounts of important data for scientists to interpret. The hardware, from drifting buoys to cabled arrays to autonomous vehicles to satellites, represent ocean technology innovation across decades. Still, collecting, synthesizing, and applying the data toward sound decisions pose challenges across sectors and disciplines. You, the next generation of ocean leaders, must help to observe and understand our ocean like never before to ensure it remains healthy and supports life on our planet for millennia to come. We hope that this year’s theme allows you to think about how ocean science, which begins with education and observations, can be applied to interdisciplinary challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. As NOSB students know very well, our basic needs – food, water, energy, etc. – are tied closely to a healthy and productive ocean. To secure our future, we must secure the ocean’s future. To secure the ocean’s future we must observe it, understand it, and care for it like never before. By being part of the NOSB, you have already taken a big step toward securing our ocean’s future through better understanding, and I commend you for that. Our ocean needs champions like you! The NOSB is a program of the Consortium for Ocean Leadership (COL), which is composed of nearly 100 leading ocean science, research, and technology institutions (public and private), including many that host our regional bowls. While we usually host Finals at one of our regional bowl locations, this year we’re excited to welcome you to COL’s hometown of Washington, D.C. Thank you to all the COL staff members and gracious volunteers for making Finals a success. I would like to thank everyone involved in making the NOSB possible, particularly the many generous federal agencies, private organizations, and individuals that supported activities this year. You can find these sponsors listed in your program, and you’ll see it takes a broad range of supporter types and levels— all of whom clearly recognize the importance of ocean science education—to bring this program together. Please also join me in thanking our regional bowl hosts and our dedicated, hard-working volunteers—they help ensure each year is a success. More than 1,800 students from 33 states competed in the 2019 regional bowls, which means those of you in attendance are already winners, and I sincerely congratulate you. As our nation’s top high school ocean science experts, you should feel proud of yourselves, your teammates, and your fellow competitors. I hope you will remember to have fun and make new friends while you compete and participate in this weekend’s events. Good luck to each and every one of you, and again, congratulations! Sincerely, RADM Jonathan W. White, USN (ret.) President & CEO Consortium for Ocean Leadership TABLE OF CONTENTS Schedule of Events. 1 Letter from NOAA . 2 Keynote Speaker. 3 2019 Theme . 4 Tribute to Dr. Ray . 5 Field Trips. 6-7 Prizes & Awards. 8 Game Summary . 9 Competition Rooms . 10-11 Round Robins . 12-13 Double Elimination Brackets . 14-16 Team Bios. 17-28 Question Reviewers . 29 Words from our Sponsors. 30-32 Scholarship Ad . 33 Consortium for Ocean Leadership Ad . 34 Maps . 35 GET SOCIAL #NOSB19 @NOSBRocks Schedule of Events Thursday, April 11 Friday, April 12 6:30pm Depart hotel to walk to Keck Center 7:00am-8:00am Breakfast (LCH – Metropolitan) 7:00pm-9:00pm NOSB Speed-Career Event (KC – Atrium/Cafeteria) 8:00am-4:00pm Field Trips 7:30pm-9:00pm Coach/Regional Coordinator Meeting (LCH – Hill) 6:00pm-9:00pm Opening Ceremony (LCH – Metropolitan) Saturday, April 13 Sunday, April 14 7:00am-7:45am Team and RC Breakfast (LCH – Metropolitan) 7:00am-7:45am Team and RC Breakfast (LCH – Metropolitan) 7:45am-8:20am Team All Hands Meeting (LCH – Metropolitan) 8:00am-8:30am All Hands Meeting (LCH – Metropolitan) 9:00am-11:15am Round Robin Competitions, Rounds 1-3 (KC) 8:45am-10:15am DE Competitions, Rounds 5-6 (LCH – Metropolitan & Hub) Science Expert Briefings 10:15am-11:00am DE Competition, Round 7 (LCH – Metropolitan) rd 11:15am-12:30pm Team & Volunteer Lunch (KC – Atrium/Cafeteria) (determines 3 Place) 12:10pm-12:30pm Volunteer Meeting (KC – TBD) 11:00am-11:45pm DE Competition, Round 8 (LCH – Metropolitan) st nd 12:30pm-2:00pm Round Robin Competitions, Rounds 4-5 (KC) (determines 1 & 2 Place) Science Expert Briefings 11:45am-12:30pm DE Competition, Round 9 (LCH – Metropolitan) (if needed) 2:00pm-2:35pm Presentation (KC – Atrium/Cafeteria) 12:00pm-1:30pm Lunch (LCH – Grid/Hill) 2:00pm-2:35pm Scoring & Seeding for Double Elimination 2:00pm-3:00pm Awards Ceremony (LCH – Metropolitan) 2:45pm-4:15pm DE Competitions, Rounds 1-2 3:00pm Teams depart for airport 3:00pm-6:00pm Activities for non-competing teams 4:15pm-5:45pm DE Competitions, Rounds 3-4 *KC = Keck Center, National Academy of Sciences 6:00pm Vacate Keck Center; Teams are on their own for dinner *LCH = Liaison Capitol Hill Hotel The color used throughout the progam is Living Coral, Pantone’s Color of the Year for 2019. Louisa Koch, Director of Education, NOAA Welcome to the 2019 Finals competition of the National Ocean Sciences Bowl! This year’s theme on “Observe the Ocean; Secure the Future” is highly relevant to NOAA’s mission to understand and predict changes in the ocean, climate, weather, and our coasts. Our agency relies on satellite systems, ships, buoys, and aircraft among a host of other research and observation tools to achieve that mission. We’re excited that you, too, have been learning about the role of ocean observations in serving our society and some of the challenges we face given the huge amounts of data those observations produce. For 22 years, NOAA has supported the National Ocean Sciences Bowl (NOSB), providing both funding and volunteer time and expertise. NOAA contributes to the NOSB because our educational mission is to inspire, educate, and inform youth and adults to use science to improve ocean and coastal stewardship, bolster our economy, increase safety and resilience to environmental hazards, and prepare a future workforce to support NOAA’s mission. I hope that in preparing for and participating in the NOSB, you have increased your understanding of the ocean, ocean observations and the important role they play in our lives. We at NOAA are excited that this year’s Finals competition is happening close to our headquarters and several of our own centers of observation and forecasting. During your time here in the D.C. area, I hope you have an opportunity to meet our employees, learn more about careers at NOAA, and visit our offices or one of our research and forecasting centers. I have observed firsthand the enthusiasm and breadth and depth of knowledge that NOSB contestants demonstrate at NOSB competitions. I know that these competitions could not happen without the support of your coaches and the dedication of the hundreds of volunteers who contribute their time and expertise to this program. The ongoing commitment of these individuals and the schools, agencies, and institutions they represent is a testament to the ongoing inspiration the NOSB competition provides to all of us. I wish you good luck in this year’s competition and look forward to watching your matches over the next couple days! A vision of resilient communities guides NOAA and its partners in a collective effort to reduce the vulnerability of communities and ecological systems in the short-term while helping society avoid or adapt to potential long-term environmental, social, and economic changes. To achieve this vision, NOAA’s dedicated scientists use cutting-edge research and high-tech instrumentation to provide citizens, planners, emergency managers and other decision makers with reliable information they need when they need it. To learn more about NOAA, visit www.noaa.gov 2 Keynote Speaker MARCIA McNUTT PRESIDENT, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Marcia McNutt (B.A. in physics, Colorado College; Ph.D. in Earth sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography) is a geophysicist and the 22nd president of the National Academy of Sciences. From 2013 to 2016, she was editor-in-chief of Science journals. McNutt was director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 2009 to 2013, during which time USGS responded to a number of major disasters, including the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. For her work to help contain that spill, McNutt was awarded the U.S. Coast Guard’s Meritorious Service Medal. She is a fellow of the American Geophysical Union (AGU), Geological Society of America, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the International Association of Geodesy. McNutt is a member of the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a Foreign Member of the Royal Society, UK, and the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1998, McNutt was awarded the AGU’s Macelwane Medal for research accomplishments by a young scientist, and she received the Maurice Ewing Medal in 2007 for her contributions to deep-sea exploration. Brendan Philip, our Saturday presenter, is a graduate student in the School of Oceanography at the University of Washington (UW) in Seattle, where he studies water and gas circulation within the seafloor at subduction zones and uses Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) data to understand long-term changes to methane emissions from the seafloor in the deep ocean.