FAMILY Pomacanthidae Jordan & Evermann 1898 [=Holacanthiformes, Pomacanthinae, Paradiretmidae] Notes: Name in prevailing recent practice, Article 35.5 Holacanthiformes Bleeker 1859d:XXI [ref. 371] (subfamily) Holacanthus [Holacanthidae used as valid after 1899] Pomacanthinae Jordan & Evermann 1898a:1670 [ref. 2444] (subfamily) Pomacanthus [family-group name used as valid by: Schultz with Stern 1948 [ref. 31938], Nelson 1976 [ref. 32838], Nelson 1984 [ref. 13596], Quéro et al. 1990 [ref. 15946], Robins et al. 1991a [ref. 14237], Robins et al. 1991b [ref. 14238], Allen & Robertson 1994 [ref. 22193], Nelson 1994 [ref. 26204], Springer & Raasch 1995:106 [ref. 25656], Eschmeyer 1998 [ref. 23416], Menezes et al. 2003 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004 [ref. 27807], Hoese et al. 2006, Nelson 2006 [ref. 32486], Kimura, Satapoomin & Matsuura 2009 [ref. 30425], Allen & Erdmann 2012 [ref. 31980]] Paradiretmidae Whitley 1951a:62 [ref. 4711] (family) Paradiretmus GENUS Apolemichthys Burton, 1934 [=Apolemichthys (subgenus of Holacanthus) Burton [M.] (ex Fraser-Brunner) 1934:Pisces p. 57, Desmoholacanthus Fowler [H. W.] 1941:256] Notes: [ref. 20938]. Masc. Holacanthus xanthurus Bennett 1833. Type by original designation. Not available from Fraser-Brunner 1933:578 [ref. 671], no type designated or indicated after 1930 and 3 included species (Art. 13.3). Genus does date to 1934 with author as Burton as published in the Zoological Record for 1933 (see Art. 13.3 in Appendix A in Eschmeyer 1990 [ref. 20647]). •Valid as Apolemichthys Burton 1934 -- (Klausewitz 1972:363 [ref. 30491], Heemstra 1984 [ref. 5298], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:188 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:624 [ref. 5714], Pyle 2001:3267 [ref. 26118], Allen et al. 2006:1303 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Valid as Apolemichthys Burton 1934. Pomacanthidae. (Desmoholacanthus) [ref. 1438]. Masc. Holacanthus arcuatus Gray 1831. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Apolemichthys Burton 1934. Current status: Synonym of Apolemichthys Burton 1934. Pomacanthidae. Species Apolemichthys arcuatus (Gray, 1831) [=Holacanthus arcuatus Gray [J. E.] 1831:33] Notes: [Zoological Miscellany 1831; ref. 18153] Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Valid as Apolemichthys arcuatus (Gray 1831). Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll, Hawaiian Ridge, Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. Species Apolemichthys griffisi (Carlson & Taylor, 1981) [=Holacanthus (Apolemichthys) griffisi Carlson [B. A.] & Taylor [L. R., Jr.] 1981:8, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Freshwater and Marine Aquarium v. 4 (no. 5); ref. 8622] Canton Island, northern Phoenix Islands, South Pacific, depth 65 feet. Current status: Valid as Apolemichthys griffisi (Carlson & Taylor 1981). Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Kiribati (Gilbert Islands), Phoenix Islands and Line Islands; also Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and Sulawesi. Habitat: marine. Species Apolemichthys guezei (Randall & Mauge, 1978) [=Holacanthus guezei Randall [J. E.] & Maugé [A. L.] 1978:298, Fig. 1] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 3) No. 514 (for May-June 1978); ref. 8889] West coast off Baie de la Possession, Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 70 meters. Current status: Valid as Apolemichthys guezei (Randall & Maugé 1978). Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: Réunion (western Mascarenes endemic). Habitat: marine. Species Apolemichthys kingi Heemstra, 1984 [=Apolemichthys kingi Heemstra [P. C.] 1984:6, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [The J.L.B Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication No. 35; ref. 5298] No. 1 Reef off Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 30 meters. Current status: Valid as Apolemichthys kingi Heemstra 1984. Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: southern Africa. Habitat: marine. Species Apolemichthys trimaculatus (Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831) [=Holacanthus trimaculatus Cuvier [G.] (ex Lacepède) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1831:196, Pl. 182] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 7; ref. 4881] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Apolemichthys trimaculatus (Cuvier 1831). Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. Species Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus Burgess, 1973 [=Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus Burgess [W. E.] 1973:56, Fig.] Notes: [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 21 (no. 12); ref. 7558] Tabuaeran [= Fanning Island], Line Islands, central Pacific. Current status: Valid as Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus Burgess 1973. Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine. Species Apolemichthys xanthotis (Fraser-Brunner, 1950) [=Holacanthus (Apolemichthys) xanthotis Fraser-Brunner [A.] 1950:43, Pl. 1 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 120 (pt 1); ref. 12951] Al-Mukalla, Yemen, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Apolemichthys xanthotis (Fraser-Brunner 1950). Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine. Species Apolemichthys xanthurus (Bennett, 1833) [=Holacanthus xanthurus Bennett [E. T.] 1833:183] Notes: [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1832 (pt 2); ref. 16789] Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Apolemichthys xanthurus (Bennett 1833). Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mascarenes, India, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Andaman Sea (Andaman Islands, Myanmar and Thailand). Habitat: marine. GENUS Centropyge Kaup, 1860 [=Centropyge Kaup [J. J.] 1860:138, Paradiretmus Whitley [G. P.] 1948:83, Sumireyakko Burgess [W. E.] 1991:70, Xiphypops Jordan [D. S.] in Jordan & Jordan 1922:64] Notes: [ref. 2583]. Fem. Holacanthus tibicen Cuvier 1831. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Centropyge Kaup 1860 -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:188 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:624 [ref. 5714], Kosaki 1989 [ref. 13510], Kuiter 1998:85 [ref. 23587], Pyle 2001:3267 [ref. 26118], Burgess 2003:1675 [ref. 27101], Schindler 2003:37 [ref. 27490], Allen et al. 2006:14 [ref. 28625] with author as Kemp, Allen et al. 2006:1303 [ref. 29090], Shen et al. 2012:415 [ref. 31830]). Current status: Valid as Centropyge Kaup 1860. Pomacanthidae. (Paradiretmus) [ref. 4710]. Masc. Paradiretmus circularis Whitley 1948. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Based on a larval specimen; not Diretmidae. •Synonym of Centropyge Kaup 1860 -- (Allen et al. 1976:410 [ref. 13629]). Current status: Synonym of Centropyge Kaup 1860. Pomacanthidae. (Sumireyakko) [ref. 19211]. Masc. Holacanthus venustus Yasuda & Tominaga 1969. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Treated as masculine, Art. 30.2.4. •Synonym of Centropyge Kaup 1860. Current status: Synonym of Centropyge Kaup 1860. Pomacanthidae. (Xiphypops) [ref. 2487]. Masc. Holacanthus fisheri Snyder 1904. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Spelled Xiphipops in Weber & de Beaufort 1936:159 [ref. 4606]. •Synonym of Centropyge Kaup 1860 based on placement of type species -- (Smith & Heemstra 1986:624 [ref. 5714]). Current status: Synonym of Centropyge Kaup 1860. Pomacanthidae. Species Centropyge abei Allen et al., 2006 [=Centropyge abei Allen [G. R.], Young [F.] & Colin [P. L.] 2006:13, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 28625] Southeast side of Manado Tua, about 1°6.20040'S, 124°7.1222'E, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Centropyge abei Allen, Young & Colin 2006. Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Sulawesi (Indonesia) and Palau. Habitat: marine. Species Centropyge acanthops (Norman, 1922) [=Holacanthus acanthops Norman [J. R.] 1922:318] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 9 (no. 52); ref. 15357] Durban/eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Centropyge acanthops (Norman 1922). Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa, South Africa, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago. Habitat: marine. Species Centropyge argi Woods & Kanazawa, 1951 [=Centropyge argi Woods [L. P.] & Kanazawa [R. H.] 1951:636, Fig. 135] Notes: [Fieldiana Zoology v. 31 (no. 53); ref. 12812] Argus Bank, Bermuda Island, depth 93 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Centropyge argi Woods & Kanazawa 1951. Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. Species Centropyge aurantia Randall & Wass, 1974 [=Centropyge aurantius Randall [J. E.] & Wass [R. C.] 1974:140, Fig. 2] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 7536] Pago Pago Harbor, Tutuila, Aua Reef, American Samoa, depth 36 meters. Current status: Valid as Centropyge aurantia Randall & Wass 1974. Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Great Barrier Reef, Caroline Islands and Samoa. Habitat: marine. Species Centropyge aurantonotus Burgess, 1974 [=Centropyge aurantonotus Burgess [W. E.] 1974:90, Fig.] Notes: [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 7492] Off Oistins, Barbados, West Indies, depth 50-60 feet. Current status: Valid as Centropyge aurantonotus Burgess 1974. Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic and eastern Atlantic (São Tomé). Habitat: marine. Species Centropyge bicolor (Bloch,