Addis Ababa University Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering ASSESSMENT OF LONG DISTANCE WATER SUPPLY ISSUES: THE CASE OF GIMBICHU FENTALE WATER SUPPLY PROJECT A Project Submitted to the Addis Ababa University, Institute of Technology, School of Graduate Studies In partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (the stream of HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING) Kumela Hirpa Milkessa Adviser: Mastewal Teshale May 2017 Assessment of long distance water supply issues: The case of GFWSP AAiT, April 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ III ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. I LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................... II LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... II 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................................ 2 1.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .................................................................................................................... 4 1.4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................... 7 1.5. OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.5.1. General objective of the research .............................................................................................. 8 1.5.2. Specific Objective of the research ............................................................................................. 8 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 10 2.1. UNBALANCED WATER SUPPLY WITH DEMAND ........................................................................................... 10 2.1.1. Literatures reviewed on Gimbichu Fentale water supply project – case study for long distance projects ............................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.2. Water supply and demand implication on long distance water supply projects ......... 16 2.1.3. Basic demand variation for design consideration ............................................................... 19 2.2. UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF PRESSURE IN NETWORK ................................................................................. 20 2.2.1. Basic design considerations for pressurized pipes ............................................................ 23 2.3. WATER LOSS AND LEAKAGES ................................................................................................................... 24 2.3.1. Benefits of minimizing water leakage ..................................................................................... 26 2.3.2. Unaccounted for water ................................................................................................................ 27 2.3.3. Infrastructure Leakage Index .................................................................................................... 27 2.3.4. Types of leaks ............................................................................................................................... 28 2.3.5. Assessing the sustainability of the project via management of the system ................ 29 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................... 31 3.1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 31 3.1.1. Reviewing the design document .............................................................................................. 31 3.1.2. Field observation .......................................................................................................................... 32 3.1.3. Interview .......................................................................................................................................... 33 3.1.4. Secondary data collection from websites .............................................................................. 33 3.2. SELECTION OF THE STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................... 34 3.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA ........................................................................................................... 34 i Assessment of long distance water supply issues: The case of GFWSP AAiT, April 2017 3.4. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY PROJECT (CASE STUDY) .................................................................................... 36 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................. 40 4.1. INTRODUCTION TO EPANET ..................................................................................................................... 40 4.1.1. Hydraulic Modeling Capabilities ............................................................................................... 41 4.2. MODELLING OF GIMBICHU FENTALE WATER SUPPLY PROJECT WITH EPANET 2.0 .............................. 41 4.2.1. Shortage of supply on Gimbichu Fentale Water supply projectt ..................................... 42 4.3. UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF PRESSURE IN NETWORK ................................................................................. 46 4.3.1. Friction loss effect on Gimbichu Fentale Water supply project ....................................... 46 4.4. WATER LOSS AND LEAKAGES ................................................................................................................... 49 4.4.1. Unaccounted water of Gimbichu Fentale Water Supply Project ...................................... 49 4.4.2. ILI of Gimbichu Fentale Water Supply Project ...................................................................... 51 4.5. SUSTAINABILITY OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................ 52 4.5.1. Water supply system management of GFWSP ..................................................................... 53 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS......................................................... 56 5.1. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................................. 56 5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 57 5.2.1. Demand – Supply ......................................................................................................................... 57 5.2.2. Pressure and leakage .................................................................................................................. 58 5.2.3. Sustainability ................................................................................................................................. 59 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................... 60 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 75 ii Assessment of long distance water supply issues: The case of GFWSP AAiT, April 2017 Acknowledgement I take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to my project advisor, Mastewal Teshale for his indispensable support and helpful guidance which brought about the realization of this project. I would like to thank Oromia Water, Mineral and Energy Resource Bureau (OWMEB) and Gimbichu Fentale Water project (GFWSP) Board for providing the necessary document and data of the study project. My special thanks to Mr. Abera Lema, GFWSP head and Damma Biyyo, GFWSP achieve and Mr. Mulugeta Milkessa, professional who designed GFWSP. I enjoyed the friendship of my colleagues at AAiT, Surafel, Firomsa, Ebsa and others. Beyond this; Endalkachew Asfaw, I can’t forget your support in doing you best to finalize this paper. I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my wife, Sis. Woinishet Kebede and my sweet baby son Moti Kumela, 5 and Daughter Jitu, 2, for their support and encouragement during my study. I finally give glory, honor and praise to God Almighty whose love; sustenance, care and protection have made it possible for me to be healthy and alive. I am personally responsible for all errors that might be found in this work. Kumela Hirpa Milkessa iii Assessment of long distance water supply issues: The case of GFWSP AAiT, April 2017 Abstract This project assesses the issues on long distance water supply systems with the case