The Europe of Regions: Literature, Media, Culture The Europe of Regions: Literature, Media, Culture The papers published in this volume were originally presented at a conference with the title The Europe of Regions—Literature, Media, Culture organised by the Budapest Forum in Komárno, Slovakia, on 22nd October 2005. Kodolányi János University College 2007 A KIADVÁNY MEGJELENÉSÉT A KODOLÁNYI János FőiskOLA TÁMOGatta EDITED BY: Glavanovics Andrea Szele Bálint Ph.D. PUBLISHER: Szabó Péter Ph.D. Rector Kodolányi János University College Fürdő utca 1. Székesfehérvár 8000 Hungary TECHNICAL EDITOR AND LANGUAGE ADVISOR: Szele Bálint Ph.D. LANGUAGE ADVISOR: Mezei László COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Simon Erika ISBN 978 963 9558 77 9 Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.kodolanyi.hu All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system, or published in any form or in any way, electronically, mechanically, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without prior written permission from the publishers. © Kodolányi University College, 2007 DESIGN BY: Quadrat ’64 PRINTED BY: Regia Rex Nyomda, Székesfehérvár Contents Sándor ALBERT ____________________________________________________7 Selye János University and the Training of Hungarian Intellectuals in the South of Slovakia 1. Education and Culture in a Multidimensional World __________________11 Zsuzsanna FORRÓ _______________________________________________12 The Development of Abilities in the School of the 21st Century Balázs KOTOSZ _________________________________________________15 Websites of the Departments of Statistics in Hungarian Economic Higher Education Dóra MÓCZ: ___________________________________________________26 The Importance of Life-long Learning in the light of the Lisbon Process Terézia STREDL _________________________________________________37 The Impact of the Media on Children’s Mental Development Edit SZABÓ ____________________________________________________40 The Effects of the Media on the Spiritual World of the Children Mária SZOKOLY: ________________________________________________45 The Bequest of Culture and Dance László Tamás VIZI ________________________________________________53 The Role of Civilisation and Cultural Studies in the Education System of the International Relations / International Studies Majors 2. Literature in the Age of Globalisation _______________________________59 Andrea BOGÁR _________________________________________________60 Feminist Adaptations of Shakespeare—Shakespeare and Frightening Feminism Margit ERDÉLYI _________________________________________________68 Alterations of Values in Literature Gyöngyvér HERVAI SZABÓ ________________________________________74 New Historicism and Poetics of Culture József KESERŰ __________________________________________________81 When the Face Speaks Krisztina KODÓ _________________________________________________86 Past within the Present? Cyberculture versus the Traditional Heritage Imre KURDI ____________________________________________________92 Kodolányi House of Literature and Research Centre as a Scientific and Literature Project The Europe of Regions: Literature, Media, Culture 5 Contents Attila MÉSZÁROS _______________________________________________95 Literature in the Net—Net Literature? Imre PERES____________________________________________________101 The Role of the Bible In Strengthening Literature and Culture 3. International and Interregional Connections in Europe _______________109 Andrea GLAVANOVICS _________________________________________110 Magyar Magic, Hungary in Focus Gyula H. VARGA _______________________________________________120 The Linguistic Map of the EU Endre KISS ____________________________________________________131 About Meso-Level Dimensions of Globalization Ilona KÓNYA __________________________________________________138 The Dutch-Hungarian Cultural Connections Edit LŐRINCZ BENCZE _________________________________________143 Croatia’s Cultural Policy Andrea SZÉKELY _______________________________________________157 The Cultural Situation of National Minorities of Neighbouring Countries Living in Hungary Gábor UJVÁRY _________________________________________________169 “Foreign Sentinels of Hungarian Culture” 4. Media in the Europe of Regions ___________________________________189 Mónika ANDOK ________________________________________________190 News as a Text Type vs. Genre Alternation in the Age of Information Society Lajos Mihály DARAI _____________________________________________199 The Hungarian Principles of Programme Making and Broadcasting— Supplement to the New Media Law 6 The Europe of Regions: Literature, Media, Culture Sándor ALBERT Selye János University and the Training of Hungarian Intellectuals in the South of Slovakia ollowing the Treaty of Trianon, Hungarian intellectuals in Slovakia— F figuratively—were beheaded. They were deported or expelled from their native country. They were even deprived of their schools. According to a government edict in 1919, Elizabeth University in Pozsony was to be abolished. This was followed by the Academy of Law in Kassa in 1922. Another Academy of Law in Eperjes moved to Miskolc and the College of Mining and Forestry in Selmecbánya moved to Sopron. What is more, in 1928, the Ministry of Education in Prague forbade having Hungarian diplomas registered. After World War II, all public schools teaching in the Hungarian language were closed. Up to now we still suffer from the consequences of these orders. The proportion of people of Hungarian nationality in Slovakia having certificates of final examination in secondary schools and university diplomas is less than 50% out of the countrywide average. The higher unemployment and bigger poverty in regions inhabited by Hungarians in the south of Slovakia is the effect of this low level of education. In 1950 the Hungarian elementary and secondary schools were re-opened. However, in higher education we had to wait for more than 8 decades until the first independent institution educating in Hungarian—Selye János University—was established. On 23rd October 2003 the Slovak Parliament accepted the draft bill for the foundation of the university and on 14th September 2004 the educational process started at Selye János University. At last we have got the chance to form the intellectual layer that should serve as supporting-pillars of our national community. The mission of Selye János University is to open a free scope for higher education in the Hungarian language in Slovakia hoping that more and more Hungarians living in this country will graduate from universities, increasing their educational level. Having a higher qualification means having equal opportunities in finding a job, decreases unemployment and brings an upswing in economy in the regions where there are Hungarians. In this way Selye János University wants to slow down the involuntary assimilation of Hungarians living in Slovakia. We have to keep in our minds that the world has started off towards a knowledge-based society, towards a society where the source The Europe of Regions: Literature, Media, Culture 7 of development and driving force is information. Being qualified or skilled in this society is going to mean „power”. High amounts of money and wealth will not have a decisive importance compared to knowledge. This is another reason why we need Selye János University, for this institution must become a regional academic centre. One more thing: this University has to care for the language, it has to study, refine and develop the Hungarian language. What do I mean? Let me cite Sándor Márai: „People and country, still not a nation Language is the nation For language holds together the nation.” Just with its mere existence Selye János University can support foreign capital import to our country. This helps expansion and economic growth to people living here. This means families can make their living in their homeland. During the past decades the surrounding countries—together with Slovakia—have given lots of qualified intellectuals to the mother country. This is good for Hungary but not for us. Hungarian speaking teachers, doctors and priests are also needed in the south of Slovakia if we want to survive. Having an intellectual layer of people speaking and feeling in Hungarian is essential. Thus for the Hungarians in Slovakia it is a matter of life and death to be a part of knowledge-based society. With all our strength we are determined to join the „blood circulation” of Slovak and European universities. The first year of our university was more or less about construction, however, we have organized a few domestic and international conferences, and we have published a few university lecture notes and other materials. We have organized the Selye Evenings and University Days. We took part in some home and international projects and we had a meaningful marketing activity. Thanks to these, in the school year 2005/2006 the number of students applying to our university doubled. In September there were more than a thousand students starting their studies at our university and after Királyhelmec we opened our classes in Losonc for external students. For now I cannot talk about considerable results in academic research but we already have graduates. On 18th September twenty students of the Faculty of Reformed Theology received their diplomas and could start their job as pastors. However, the university is not finished! Developing the infrastructure, creating a