Statistical Appendices Statistical Appendix 1 Regional WFP cumulative commitments for development projects and relief and emergency operations by category and type approved up to 31 December 1995 (values in US$ million) Category/type Sub-Saharan Asia Latin America Africa and Pacific and Caribbean No. Value No. Value No. Value Human resource development Mothers and infants 58 303 36 715 50 352 Primary schools 103 957 16 61 44 461 Secondary schools 34 191 1 9 1 3 Training programmes 26 51 4 23 11 23 Higher education 9 10 7 3 5 2 Literacy programmes 3 1 4 135 4 9 Hospitals 24 73 3 1 13 34 Public health 2 8 1 1 – – Economic and social infrastructure Housing/public utilities 12 28 15 71 5 15 Transport/communications 22 143 21 53 4 33 Community development 49 211 15 63 57 301 Directly productive projects Land development 48 299 137 1,442 15 61 Land settlement 49 221 35 173 19 34 Refugee assistance 57 132 6 9 4 7 Crop production 37 166 2 16 21 75 Animal production 33 155 19 272 17 165 Forestry 51 490 48 488 18 46 Fisheries – – 11 116 2 3 Industries/mining 3 33 2 1 – – Food reserves 22 77 1 1 – – Relief and emergency operations Sudden natural disasters 382 688 183 414 101 95 Drought/crop failure 96 1,038 10 37 5 11 Man-made disasters 12 166 1 — – – PRO 218 1,709 31 106 24 39 PDPO 68 1,625 8 24 8 20 Total 1,418 8,775 617 4,234 428 1,789 253 254 Statistical Appendix 1 Contd. Category/type Europe, Total Share Middle East and CIS Commitments in total No. Value No. Value % Human resource development Mothers and infants 19 185 163 1,555 7.72 Primary schools 37 599 200 2,077 10.31 Secondary schools 5 39 41 241 1.20 Training programmes 25 71 66 167 0.83 Higher education 15 63 36 78 0.39 Literacy programmes 1 — 12 145 0.72 Hospitals 9 58 49 165 0.82 Public health 3 3 6 11 0.06 Economic and social infrastructure Housing/public utilities 28 61 60 175 0.87 Transport/communications 38 136 85 365 1.81 Community development 9 38 130 612 3.04 Directly productive projects Land development 50 428 250 2,229 11.06 Land settlement 22 303 125 732 3.63 Refugee assistance 1 1 68 148 0.74 Crop production 20 184 80 440 2.19 Animal production 31 113 100 704 3.50 Forestry 45 308 162 1,333 6.61 Fisheries 4 20 17 139 0.69 Industries/mining 15 12 20 45 0.22 Food reserves 1 9 24 87 0.43 Relief and emergency operations Sudden natural disasters 168 545 834 1,742 8.65 Drought/crop failure 6 8 117 1,093 5.43 Man-made disasters 1 1 14 167 0.83 PRO 65 890 338 2,743 13.61 PDPO 40 1,287 124 2,955 14.67 Total 658 5,362 3,121 20,148 100.00 CIS – Commonwealth of Independent States (ex-Soviet Union); PRO – Protracted Refugee Operations; PDPO – Protracted Displaced Person Operations; —Less than $1 million; % Share in Total Commitments. Figures rounded. Source: World Food Programme. 255 Statistical Appendix 2 Total WFP commitments and number of development projects and emergency operations by region, 1962–95 (values in US$ million) Latin America Europe, Year Sub-Saharan Asia and Middle East Total Africa and Pacific Caribbean and CIS commitments No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Value No. Value 1962 – – 1 — – – 2 1 3 1 1963 9 5 5 3 8 6 11 11 33 24 1964 15 4 17 7 10 2 29 13 71 25 1965 17 11 8 5 8 6 6 5 39 27 1966 17 17 14 22 12 20 40 42 83 101 1967 27 16 18 22 8 4 35 34 88 75 1968 28 24 15 15 11 7 35 120 89 166 1969 36 94 17 187 17 58 30 142 100 481 1970 43 68 23 89 16 69 20 79 102 304 1971 34 42 8 16 12 15 14 67 68 140 1972 21 34 12 33 6 25 9 41 48 133 1973 17 23 24 47 8 7 16 77 65 154 1974 29 61 6 5 10 15 18 35 63 117 1975 48 71 32 97 13 57 33 182 126 408 1976 42 240 27 181 11 26 22 159 102 606 1977 49 80 21 151 10 55 20 85 100 372 1978 58 174 32 133 13 52 17 115 120 474 1979 49 246 39 352 10 14 18 160 116 773 1980 64 244 24 126 11 72 16 239 115 681 1981 53 232 27 150 13 30 28 163 121 575 1982 48 290 31 146 17 41 21 211 117 687 1983 72 279 21 293 23 127 13 114 129 813 1984 73 430 23 314 24 162 15 195 135 1,100 1985 49 234 24 277 27 96 19 225 119 831 1986 43 289 15 126 19 110 22 192 99 718 1987 63 344 16 207 21 112 17 140 117 802 1988 61 354 19 266 16 115 16 153 112 888 1989 56 342 18 158 15 93 21 286 110 878 1990 51 456 11 136 18 97 18 244 98 932 1991 57 804 14 123 11 94 19 247 101 1,267 1992 63 1,055 16 146 11 84 16 387 106 1,671 1993 57 706 16 92 7 44 17 603 97 1,445 1994 40 740 11 156 8 48 14 345 73 1,289 1995 29 764 12 147 4 27 11 251 56 1,189 Total 1,418 8,773 617 4,228 428 1,790 658 5,363 3,121 20,147 CIS – Commonwealth of Independent States (ex-Soviet Union); —Less than $1 million. Figures rounded. Source: World Food Programme. Notes 2 The Birth of WFP: One Man’s Inspiration 1. Memorandum to President Kennedy from McGovern of 28 March 1961 and attached report on ‘Recommendations for Improvements in the Food for Peace Program’, pp. 35–6 (McGovern Papers, Box TK-5, Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University). 2. For what transpired during the Intergovernmental Advisory Committee in Rome, I have drawn from a number of sources, including: the statement by McGovern at the meeting (see appendix to Chapter 2); an interview with George McGovern by John Newhouse on 24 April 1964 for the Oral History Program of the John Fitzgerald Library, Boston; the address of McGovern at WFP’s Twenty-fifth Anniversary Commemorative Meeting in Rome on 30 May 1988, which is recorded in WFP (1988b), pp. 64–8; McGovern (1964), pp. 107–10; Sen (1982), p. 202; personal corre- spondence from Raymond A. Ioanes, 16 February 1995; personal correspondence from George McGovern, 23 August 1994; and personal interview with George McGovern at the Middle East Policy Council, Washington, DC on 22 April 1997. 3. Memorandum to President Kennedy from McGovern, 11 February 1961 (Presidential Office Files, Box 78, Food for Peace Program 1/61–3/61, John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Boston). 4. Personal interview with McGovern in Washington, DC on 22 April 1997. 5. Personal communication from McGovern, 21 July 1997. 6. Memorandum to President Kennedy from Adlai E. Stevenson, United States Ambassador to the United Nations, 13 November 1961 in The Papers of Adlai E. Stevenson: Volume VIII. Ambassador to the United Nations 1961–1965 (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1979, pp. 148–50), and Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant (Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.) to the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (McGeorge Bundy), 6 December 1961 in Foreign Relations of the United States 1961–63. Volume IX. Foreign Economic Policy. Department of State, Washington, DC. International Investment and Development Policy (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1995, pp. 422–3). 7. ‘Annotated Agenda for the Meeting on Use of Surplus Food for Emergency and Development Purposes through Multilateral Channels (FAO and UN)’ with annexes on the two food aid proposals of McGovern and the US representatives at the UN at the State Department, Washington, DC, on 25 October 1961 (Copy in the McGovern Papers, Box TK-3, Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University). 8. McGovern Papers, Box TK-2, Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University. 9. McGovern noted that ‘These were the themes I had spoken of for years on countless platforms in South Dakota’ (McGovern, 1977, p. 83). Kennedy had gone to South Dakota to support McGovern in his bid to become senator of that State. When McGovern lost by a tiny margin, it was interpreted that this was due to the ‘religious factor’. Kennedy was a Catholic and South Dakota was predominantly a Protestant state. Kennedy, feeling that he was responsible for McGovern’s defeat, offered him a post in his new administration. McGovern expressed an interest in the position of 256 Notes 257 secretary of agriculture. When that post was given to Orville Freeman, McGovern accepted the directorship of the newly created Office of Food for Peace and special assistant to the president in the White House. 10. Agricultural Policy for the New Frontier by Senator John F. Kennedy (p. 5), Kennedy’s agricultural policy platform for the 1960 presidential campaign (McGovern Papers, Box TK-7, Accession No. 67A1881, Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University). 11. Press release, 31 October 1960 (Meyer Feldman Papers, Food for Peace Program (10/60–1/3/61) File, Box 9, John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Boston).