A3646 Pest Management in Wisconsin Field Crops A guide to managing weeds, insects, and diseases in corn, soybean, forages, and small grains Eileen Cullen Vince Davis Bryan Jensen Glenn Nice Mark Renz 2013 Pest Management in Wisconsin Field Crops A guide to managing weeds, insects, and diseases in corn, soybean, forages, and small grains 2University of Wisconsin-Extension01 3 Cooperative Extension Pesticide references and updates References to pesticide products in this publication are for your convenience and are not an endorse- ment or criticism of one product over other simi- lar products. You are responsible for using pes- ticides according to the manufacturer’s current label directions. Follow directions exactly to protect the environment and people from pesticide exposure. Failure to do so violates the law. Note also that this publication is not a complete list of all pesticide labels. Several pesticides are marketed in numerous formulations and the common names of their active ingredients (e.g., atrazine, glyphosate, 2,4-D) are generally recog- nizable. These pesticides are referenced by their common names. The active ingredients in other pesticides may be marketed by multiple compa- nies, but their common names are not generally known by users. For name recognition purposes, these pesticides are referenced by the trade name of the primary registrant, but the common name of the active ingredient is provided as a cross reference for your use. For a listing of common names of pesticides, please refer to appendix tables 1a–c. New to this publication: Highlights of this year’s updates can be found at the end of the book, on page 267. For updates throughout the growing season, consult the Wisconsin Crop Manager newsletter, available online at ipcm.wisc.edu/wcm. Current pesticide labels are available online at www.cdms.net/LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx?t= Measurements used in this publication vary according to common usage. In most cases, US customary units (ounces, miles, etc.) are used, and values are expressed in decimals rather than fractions. In a few instances, metric units and/or fractions have been retained to avoid confusion. PRINCIPLES OF Contents PEST MGMT 1 PRINCIPLES OF PEST MANAGEMENT Pest management Weed Management principles and pesticides for all crops CORN Integrated pest management ..............2 Selecting a weed management program ...11 Federal pesticide-use law .................2 When to apply herbicides ................11 Wisconsin’s training and Can herbicide rates be reduced? ..........12 certification program ...................3 Mixing herbicides .......................12 Wisconsin pesticide laws and regulations ..3 Herbicide/fertilizer combinations .........12 Pesticides and community right to know ...3 Weather and herbicides. .13 SOYBEAN Worker protection standard for Herbicide residues in soil ................13 agricultural pesticides. 4 Herbicides and conservation tillage .......13 Oral notification and posting ..............4 Herbicide-resistant weeds ...............14 Restricted entry interval ..................5 Using new herbicides ...................14 Pesticide toxicity .........................5 Selecting herbicides .....................14 Pesticide safety ..........................6 FORAGES & Pesticide accidents .......................7 Fungicide resistance PASTURES Pesticides and endangered species .........7 management principles Pesticide drift ...........................8 FRAC Code 1 ..........................17 Pesticides and groundwater ...............8 FRAC Code 3 ..........................17 Calibrating pesticide equipment ...........9 FRAC Code 7 ..........................17 Cleaning pesticide sprayers ...............9 FRAC Code 11 .........................17 SMALL GRAINS Preparing pesticide sprayers for storage ....9 FRAC Code M. .18 Pesticide disposal .......................10 Fungicide resistance management ........18 TABLES Pest management PERENNIAL WEEDS 1-1. Examples of agricultural chemicals subject to Title III of SARA ............4 1-2. Toxicity categories of pesticides .......6 Weed management 1-3. Listing of herbicides by mode of action and risk of developing resistant biotypes ...................15 STORED GRAIN INSECTS APPENDIX iii PRINCIPLES OF PEST MGMT 2 CORN PEST MANAGEMENT Corn weed management Postemergence herbicides .................40 Accent Q ..............................40 Atrazine rate limits and restrictions. .20 Atrazine ...............................41 Burndown herbicides for no-till corn .......24 Banvel ................................41 Terminating corn stands for replant .......24 Basagran ..............................41 Autumn + 2,4-D ........................24 Basis Blend ............................42 CORN Autumn Super 51 WDG .................24 Buctril .................................42 Basis Blend + Express + 2,4-D ............25 Cadet .................................43 Fierce .................................25 Callisto ................................43 Glyphosate ............................26 Callisto Xtra ...........................43 Gramoxone Inteon ......................26 Capreno ...............................44 Ignite 280/Liberty ......................27 SOYBEAN Clarity ................................44 Rage D-Tech ...........................27 Dicamba ...............................44 Vida ..................................27 Glyphosate ............................45 Preplant-incorporated & Halex GT ..............................46 preemergence herbicides .................27 Harmony SG ...........................46 Acetochlor + safener ....................27 Hornet WDG ...........................46 Acetochlor + atrazine + safener ...........28 Ignite 280/Liberty ......................47 FORAGES & PASTURES Atrazine ...............................29 Impact/Armezon .......................47 Banvel ................................29 Laudis ................................48 Bicep Lite II Magnum ...................29 Metribuzin .............................48 Bullet/Lariat* ..........................30 NorthStar ..............................49 Callisto ................................30 Option ................................49 Capreno ...............................31 Permit .................................50 SMALL GRAINS Clarity ................................31 Priority ................................50 Degree Xtra ............................31 Rage D-Tech ...........................50 Dicamba ...............................31 Realm Q ...............................51 Dual II Magnum .......................32 Resolve Q ..............................51 G-Max Lite ............................32 Resource ..............................52 Harness ...............................33 Roundup formulations ..................52 PERENNIAL WEEDS Harness Xtra ...........................33 Shotgun ...............................52 Hornet WDG ...........................33 Status .................................52 Keystone LA* ..........................33 Steadfast Q ............................53 Lumax EZ* ............................33 Stinger ................................53 Metribuzin .............................34 Yukon .................................54 Outlook ...............................34 2,4-D amine or ester .....................54 Princep ................................35 STORED GRAIN Prowl H O ............................35 INSECTS 2 Python ................................36 Resolve Q ..............................36 Sharpen ...............................37 SureStart/TripleFLEX ...................37 Surpass ................................38 Valor SX ...............................38 APPENDIX Verdic .................................38 Zemax ................................39 Zidua .................................40 iv PRINCIPLES OF PEST MGMT Corn insect management Chemigation .............................59 Nematode diseases ....................101 Predicting soil insect control needs for corn .59 Ear rot ...............................103 Continuous corn ........................59 Corn molds and livestock disorders (mycotoxins) .........................103 Corn after soybeans .....................60 Storage diseases .......................106 CORN Corn after soybeans: Variant western corn rootworm .........60 Corn after sod ..........................61 Corn after alfalfa .......................61 Tables Corn after sudangrasses .................61 Corn weed management Insect pests ..............................61 2-1. Atrazine active ingredient rate limits ..21 SOYBEAN Armyworm ............................61 2-2. Wisconsin rate limits for products Corn earworm .........................61 containing atrazine .................21 Corn flea beetle .........................62 2-3. Weed control ratings of corn herbicides .........................22 Corn leaf aphid .........................62 2-4. Forage, grazing, and grain harvest Corn rootworm .........................62 intervals for corn herbicides ..........55 Cutworm ..............................65 2-5. Rate equivalents of corn herbicide FORAGES & European corn borer ....................66 premixes ..........................56 PASTURES Japanese beetle .........................67 2-6. Rainfree period and adjuvants Slugs ..................................68 required for postemergence corn herbicides .....................57 Stalk borer .............................68 2-7. Application timings for Two-spotted spider mite .................68 postemergence herbicides ............58