List of Place Names The list provides the Finnish and/or Swedish and English names of the places and areas mentioned in the articles of this volume. In the coastal areas of Finland, most towns and municipalities, as well as a large number of places and areas, have parallel names in Finnish and Swedish. These two of- ficial languages of Finland are spoken there as the mother tongue of the majority or a minority of the inhabitants. Swedish is the only official language in the county ofÅland , while most of the towns and municipalities beyond the coastal zone are practically Finnish-speaking only. As a rule, the authors of this volume use the names of areas in English if there is an English name available (e.g., the Baltic Sea, the county of Finland Proper). The names of towns and municipalities are in the major language of the administrative unit today (the town of Raseborg, the municipality of Siuntio). For historical reasons, the Swedish name may be chosen (the medieval parish of Esbo, the medieval chapel of Karislojo). A few municipalities in Finland have recently consolidated in accordance with the state policy to reduce the number of administrative units on the communal level. Accordingly, the official language may have changed in the area of a former municipality (Pohja > Pojo, part of the town of Raseborg today). The names of sample places, archaeological sites and other places are in the major language of the corresponding town or municipality (the lake of Hannusjärvi in Espoo, the lake of Petarträsk in Ingå). A few places have only one name, though, depending on which of the two languages was traditionally spoken in the area (the lake of Storträsk in Sipoo). For historical reasons, the Swedish name is used in the articles even if the official language of the area is Finnish today (the manor of Esbo gård in Espoo, the strait of Gäddtarmen in Hanko). Main waters and natural formations Baltic Sea, Fi. Itämeri, Sw. Östersjön the river Aurajoki (Sw. Aura å) (Finland Archipelago Sea, Fi. Saaristomeri, Proper) Sw. Skärgårdshavet the river Halikonjoki (Salo, Finland Proper) Bothnian Sea, Fi. Selkämeri, Kymi River, Fi. Kymijoki, Sw. Kymmene älv, Sw. Bottenhavet (Kymenlaakso) Gulf of Bothnia, Fi. Pohjanlahti, Luleå River (Sw. Lule älv) (Norrbotten, Sweden) Sw. Bottniska viken Mustio River (Fi. Mustionjoki, Sw. Svartån) Gulf of Finland, Fi. Suomenlahti, (Raseborg, Uusimaa) Sw. Finska viken Oulanka River (Fi. Oulankajoki) (Kuusamo, Kainuu) the archipelago of Åboland, Fi. Turunmaa the river Pite älv (Norrbotten, Sweden) Sw. Finska Skären (medieval name for the archipelago in the area of Finland Proper) Lake Mälaren (Sweden) the archipelago of Huvudskär (Sweden) the Mälar Valley (Sw. Mälardalen) (Sweden) Maritime Landscape in Change THE FINNISH ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY, ISKOS 19, 2011 Provinces Towns and municipalities Finland Åbo, see Fi. Turku Borgå, see Fi. Porvoo the Åland Islands, Sw. Åland, Fi. Ahvenanmaa Bromarv, municipality in western Uusimaa, Mainland Åland, Sw. Fasta Åland, divided between the municipality of Tenala Fi. Manner-Ahvenanmaa and the town of Hanko in 1977 Carelia, Fi. Karjala, Sw. Karelen Dalby, municipality in Värmland, Sweden Carelian Isthmus, Fi. Karjalankannas, Dragsfjärd, former municipality, since 2009 Sw. Karelska näset part of the municipality of Kimitoön Finland Proper, Sw. Egentliga Finland, Eckerö, municipality in Åland Fi. Varsinais-Suomi Ekenäs, Fi. Tammisaari, former town, since Fi. Häme, Sw. Tavastland 2009 part of the town of Raseborg Päijät-Häme, Sw. Päijänne-Tavastland Espoo, Sw. Esbo, town in Uusimaa Vanajan Häme Eura, municipality in Satakunta Fi. Kainuu, Sw. Kajanaland Finström, municipality in Åland Fi. Kymenlaakso, Sw. Kymmenedalen Hangö, see Fi. Hanko Ostrobothnia, Fi. Pohjanmaa, Sw. Österbotten Hanko, Sw. Hangö, town in Uusimaa Southern Ostrobothnia, Fi. Etelä-Pohjanmaa, Helsinge (medieval parish in Nyland (Uusi-(Uusi- Sw. Södra Österbotten maa)), areas in Vantaa today Northern Ostrobothnia, Fi. Pohjois-Pohjanmaa, Helsinki, Sw. Helsingfors, the capital of Finland Sw. Norra Österbotten Houtskär, Fi. Houtskari, former municipality, Fi. Pirkanmaa, Sw. Birkaland since 2009 part of the town of Väståboland Fi. Satakunta, Sw. Satakunda Ingå, Fi. Inkoo, municipality in Uusimaa Lower Satakunta, Fi. Ala-Satakunta, Inkoo, see Sw. Ingå Sw. Nedre Satakunda Jomala, municipality in Åland Upper Satakunta, Fi. Ylä-Satakunta, Kalanti, Sw. Kaland, former municipality, Sw. Övre Satakunda since 1993 part of the town of Uusikau- Fi. Savo, Sw. Savolax punki (Sw. Nystad) in Finland Proper Fi. Uusimaa, Sw. Nyland Karis, Fi. Karjaa, former town, since 2009 part Eastern Uusimaa, Fi. Itä-Uusimaa, of the town of Raseborg Sw. Östra Nyland Karislojo, see Fi. Karjalohja Western Uusimaa, Fi. Länsi-Uusimaa, Karjalohja, Sw. Karislojo, municipality in Sw. Västra Nyland Uusimaa Karjaa, see Sw. Karis Sweden and Estonia Kemiönsaari, see Sw. Kimitoön Kimitoön, Fi. Kemiönsaari, the former com-com- Bohuslän (Sweden) munes Dragsfjärd, Kimito and Västanfjärd Dalarna (Sweden) form the municipality of Kimitoön in Fin- Gästrikland (Sweden) land Proper since 2009 the island of Gotland (Sweden) Kirkkonummi, Sw. Kyrkslätt, municipality in Hälsingland (Sweden) Uusimaa Harju, Fi. Harjumaa (Estonia) Kisko, former municipality, since 2009 part of Norrbotten (Sweden) the town of Salo the island of Öland (Sweden) Kökar, island, municipality in Åland Östergötland (Sweden) Korpo, Fi. Korppoo, former municipality, since Södermanland (Sweden) 2009 part of the town of Väståboland Sörmland (Sweden) Korsnäs, municipality in Ostrobothnia Uppland (Sweden) Kumlinge, island, municipality in Åland Västerbotten (Sweden) Kyrkslätt, see Fi. Kirkkonummi 181 Laitila, Sw. Letala, town in Finland Proper Tenala, Fi. Tenhola, former municipality, later Lieto, Sw. Lundo, municipality in Finland Proper part of the town of Ekenäs, today part of Lohja, Sw. Lojo, town in Uusimaa the town of Raseborg Lojo, see Fi. Lohja Tenhola, see Sw. Tenala Loviisa, Sw. Lovisa, town in Uusimaa Tallinn, Sw. Reval, Fi. Tallinna, the capital of Maaria, Sw. S:t Marie, former municipality, Estonia since 1967 part of the town of Turku Tammisaari, see. Sw. Ekenäs Malax, Fi. Maalahti, municipality in Ostro- Turku, Sw. Åbo, town in Finland Proper bothnia Tytärsaari, Sw. Tyterskär, island in the Gulf Masku, municipality in Finland Proper of Finland, formerly in the county of Ky- Nagu, Fi. Nauvo, former municipality, since menlaakso, today named Bolshoj Tjuters 2009 part of the town of Väståboland (Russia) Närpes, Fi. Närpiö, town in Ostrobothnia Umeå, town in Västerbotten, Sweden Narva, town in Ida-Virumaa, Estonia Vantaa, Sw. Vanda, town in Uusimaa; the area Novgorod, town in Russia of medieval Helsinge partly overlaps Vantaa Paimio, Sw. Pemar, town in Finland Proper today Pargas, Fi. Parainen, former municipality, since Väståboland, Fi. Länsi-Turunmaa: the former 2009 part of the town of Väståboland municipalities Houtskär, Iniö, Korpo, Nagu Pernå, Fi. Pernaja, former municipality, since and Pargas form the town of Väståboland 2010 part of the town of Loviisa in Finland Proper since 2009 Perniö, Sw. Bjärnå, since 2009 part of the Västanfjärd, former municipality, since 2009 town of Salo part of the town of Väståboland Piikkiö, Sw. Pikis, former municipality, since Veckelax, see Fi. Vehkalahti 2009 part of the town of Kaarina (Sw. S:t Vederlax, see Fi. Virolahti Karins) in Finland Proper Vehkalahti, Sw. Veckelax, former municipality, Pohja, Sw. Pojo, former municipality, since since 2003 part of the town of Hamina (Sw. 2009 part of the town of Raseborg Fredrikshamn) in Kymenlaakso Porvoo, Sw. Borgå, town in Uusimaa Viborg, see Engl./Ru. Vyborg Poznań, town in Poland Vichtis, see. Fi. Vihti Pskov, town in Russia Vihti, Sw. Vichtis, municipality in Uusimaa Pyhtää, Sw. Pyttis, municipality in Kymen- Viipuri, see Engl./Ru. Vyborg laakso Virolahti, Sw. ��������������������������������Vederlax, municipality in Kymen- Pyttis, see Fi. Pyhtää laakso Raseborg, Fi. Raasepori: the former munici-munici- Vörå, Fi. Vöyri, former municipality in Ostro- palities of Ekenäs, Karis, and Pohja form the bothnia, re-established in 2011 town of Raseborg in Uusimaa since 2009 Vyborg, Sw. Viborg, Fi. Viipuri, medieval Raisio, Sw. Reso, town in Finland Proper castle and town, today in Russia Rauma, Sw. Raumo, town in Satakunta Reval, see Engl./Est. Tallinn Salo: the former municipalities Halikko, Kiikala, Kisko, Kuusjoki, Muurla, Pertteli, Perniö, Places and sites Suomusjärvi and Särkisalo form the town of Salo in Finland Proper since 2009 Ajvide (archaeological site) (on the island of Saltvik, municipality in Åland Gotland, Sweden) Sibbo, see. Fi Sipoo the island of Älgö (Raseborg, Ekenäs) Sipoo, Sw. Sibbo, municipality in Uusimaa the island of Älgsjölandet (Ingå) Sjundeå, see Fi. Siuntio Arholma (in the archipelago of Roslagen, Siuntio, Sw. Sjundeå, municipality in Uusimaa Sweden) Snappertuna, former municipality, since 2009 the hamlet of Barö (on the island of Barölandet, part of the town of Raseborg Ingå) Stockholm, the capital of Sweden the island of Barölandet (Ingå) 182 Bemböle (former village, today part of the Gunnarsö 4 (archaeological site) (Raseborg, town of Espoo) Ekenäs) Berg hamlet (Raseborg, Karis) Lake Gynnarträsk (Siuntio) Birka (archaeological and historical site, located Lake Hälftesträsket (on the island of Orslandet, in the Mälar Valley, Sweden) Ingå) Björkholmen 1 (archaeological site) (Raseborg, Hältingträsk (Sipoo) Ekenäs) Lake Hampträsk (Sipoo) the island of Björkö (Väståboland) Hannunniittu