The Lure of Illustration in the Nineteenth Century Also by Laurel Brake NINETEENTH-CENTURY SERIALS EDITION ENCOUNTERS IN THE VICTORIAN PRESS: Editors, Authors, Readers (co-editor with Julie Codell) WALTER PATER: Transparencies of Desire (co-editor with Lesley Higgins and Carolyn Williams) PRINT IN TRANSITION: Studies in Media and Book History NINETEENTH-CENTURY MEDIA AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITIES (co-editor with Bill Bell and David Finkelstein) THE ENDING OF EPOCHS (editor) WALTER PATER SUBJUGATED KNOWLEDGES: Journalism, Gender and Literature PATER IN THE 1990S (co-editor with Ian Small) INVESTIGATING VICTORIAN JOURNALISM (co-editor with Aled Jones & Lionel Madden) Also by Marysa Demoor THEIR FAIR SHARE: Women, Power and Criticism in the Athenaeum, from Millicent Garrett Fawcett to Katherine Mansfield, 1870–1920 MARKETING THE AUTHOR: Authorial Personae, Narrative Selves and Self-Fashioning, 1880–1930 (editor) CHARLES V IN CONTEXT: The Making of a European Identity (co-editor with Marc Boone) EDITING THE TEXT (co-editor with Geert Lernout & Sylvia Van Peteghem) DEAR STEVENSON: The Letters of Andrew Lang to Robert Louis Stevenson (editor) The Lure of Illustration in the Nineteenth Century Picture and Press Edited by Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor Introduction, selection and editorial matter © Laurel Brake & Marysa Demoor 2009 Individual chapters © contributors 2009 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-21731-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin's Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-30393-9 ISBN 978-0-230-23386-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230233867 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The lure of illustration in the nineteenth century : picture and press / edited by Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Magazine illustration – England – History – 19th century. I. Brake, Laurel, 1941– II. Demoor, Marysa. NC978.L87 2009 741.695094109034—dc22 2008030137 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 To the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts for their many-faceted support of Belgo-British collaboration This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations ix Notes on Contributors xiii Chronology xvi Introduction: The Lure of Illustration 1 Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor Part I 1800–1840s: Images in Diverse Textual Environments 1 The Illuminated Magazine and the Triumph of Wood Engraving 17 Brian Maidment 2 Accurate Dreams or Illustrations of Desire: Image and Text in the Gardener’s Magazine (1826–44) Edited by John Claudius Loudon 40 Sarah Dewis 3 Alaric ‘Attila’ Watts, the Fraser’s Portrait Gallery, and William Maginn 60 David E. Latané, Jr. 4 ‘The Original to the Life’: Portraiture and the Northern Star 76 Malcolm Chase Part II Mid-Century Graphics: Fiction, Fashion, Labour and Layout 5 Man and Dog: Text and Illustration in Dickens’s The Old Curiosity Shop 97 Beryl Gray 6 Elizabeth Gaskell: Journalism and Letters 119 Joanne Shattock vii viii Contents 7 Among the Unknown Public: Household Words, All the Year Round and the Mass-Market Weekly Periodical in the Mid-Nineteenth Century 128 Lorna Huett 8 Often Taken Where a Tract Is Refused: T.B. Smithies, the British Workman, and the Popularisation of the Religious and Temperance Message 149 Frank Murray 9 Seductive Visual Studies: Scientific Focus and Editorial Control in The Woman in White and All the Year Round 168 Laurie Garrison 10 Depicting Gentlemen’s Fashions in the Tailor and Cutter, 1866–1900 184 Christopher Kent Part III The 1890s: Changing Faces, Changing Technologies 11 Science and the Timeliness of Reproduced Photographs in the Late Nineteenth-Century Periodical Press 203 James Mussell 12 Aestheticism on the Cheap: Decorative Art, Art Criticism, and Cheap Paper in the 1890s 220 Linda K. Hughes 13 Putting Women in the Boat in the Idler (1892–1898) and TO-DAY (1893–1897) 234 Anne Humpherys 14 Images of Englishness: The Daily Chronicle and ‘Proposed Laureates’ to Succeed Tennyson 251 Edward H. Cohen Bibliography 264 Index 275 Illustrations Figures 0.1 Theodore Maurisset, La Daguerreotypomanie, La Caricature, December 1839 3 1.1 Three coloured wood engraved title page to the Illuminated Magazine vol. 1, 1843 24 1.2 John Leech. Engraved illustration to ‘Tom Houlaghan’s Guardian Sprite’, the Illuminated Magazine vol. II, March 1844, 241 25 1.3 Ebenezer Landells. Wood engraved title page to a monthly issue of the Illuminated Magazine vol. II, December 1843, 55 26 1.4 W.H. Prior. Wood engraved illustration to ‘Broad Lea Farm’, the Illuminated Magazine vol. IV, January 1845, 125 32 1.5 Kenny Meadows. Wood engraved illustration to ‘The Philosophy of the Pistol’, the Illuminated Magazine, vol. 1, July 1843, 173 34 1.6 H.G. Hine. Wood engraved illustration to ‘The Monster City’, the Illuminated Magazine, vol. III, September 1844, 286 35 1.7 Kenny Meadows. Wood engraved illustration to ‘Death and the Drawing Room’, the Illuminated Magazine, vol. I, June 1843, 97 37 2.1 Front page, Gardener’s Magazine, 15 December 1839, 633. © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved. BL GM pp. 2200 44 2.2 ‘View from the Drawingroom Window at Cheshunt Cottage, looking to the Left’, Gardener’s Magazine, 15 December 1839, 634. © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved. BL GM pp. 2200 46 2.3 Work areas plan of Cheshunt Cottage, Gardener’s Magazine, 15 December 1839, 642–43. © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved. BL GM pp. 2200 48–49 2.4 Estate plan of Cheshunt Cottage, Gardener’s Magazine, 15 December 1839, 656–57. © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved. BL GM pp. 2200 50–51 2.5 ‘General View of the Hot-houses, as seen across the American Garden’, Gardener’s Magazine, 15 December 1839, 646. © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved. BL GM pp. 2200 54 2.6 ‘Rustic Covered Seat of Woodwork’, ‘Elevation of the Back’, elevation of ‘part of the front’ of a hothouse, and cross section ‘through the middle of one of the ridges of the roof’, ix x Illustrations Gardener’s Magazine, 15 December 1839, 660–61. © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved. BL GM pp. 2200 56–57 3.1 ‘Alaric A. Watts: The Editor of “The Literary Souvenir”’. Fraser’s Magazine, June 1835, 653 62 4.1 Feargus O’Connor, Northern Star, December 1840 77 4.2 John Frost, Northern Star, September–November 1839 79 4.3 Richard Oastler, Northern Star, February 1840 81 4.4 Peter McDouall, Northern Star, Autumn 1840 82 4.5 Woodcut of Peter McDouall from the Charter, 7 April 1839 87 5.1 Hablot Knight Browne, [‘Quilp mocking the dog’]: The Old Curiosity Shop (1840–41). Reproduced by permission of the Charles Dickens Museum 100 5.2 Hablot Knight Browne (Phiz), [‘Quilp assails the effigy’]: The Old Curiosity Shop (1840–41). Reproduced by permission of the Charles Dickens Museum 102 5.3 George Cattermole, [‘The Sandboys chimney corner’]: The Old Curiosity Shop (1840–41). Reproduced by permission of the Charles Dickens Museum 106 5.4 Hablot Knight Browne (Phiz), [‘Jerry and his dogs’]: The Old Curiosity Shop (1840–41). Reproduced by permission of the Charles Dickens Museum 107 5.5 George Cruikshank, ‘Sikes attempting to destroy his dog’: Oliver Twist (1837–39). Reproduced by permission of the Charles Dickens Museum 108 5.6 Hablot Knight Browne (Phiz), Frontispiece for Master Humphrey’s Clock vol. II (1840–41). Reproduced by permission of the Charles Dickens Museum 111 5.7 Hablot Knight Browne (Phiz), [‘Quilp at the tavern window’]: The Old Curiosity Shop (1840–41). Reproduced by permission of the Charles Dickens Museum 113 8.1 The British Workman and Friend of the Sons of Toil, No. 1 February 1855, 1 157 8.2 The British Workman and Friend of the Sons of Toil, No. 34 October 1857, 133 158 8.3 The British Workman, No. 269 May 1877, 13 163 8.4 The Cottager and Artisan, No. 217 January 1879, 1 164 8.5 The British Workwoman, Out and at Home No. 316 January 1890, 25 165 9.1 Opening page of The Woman in White, All the Year Round (November 1859). Reproduced with permission from the British Library 170 9.2 Postscript by a sincere friend.