The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI r.ll TKe- Thomas Ha,rt Benton Exhibit, now on display, in the Society's Art GalW ls open to the publie 8:00-12:00 and 1:0^00, M^ndar^rough ^= THE COVER: Thomas Hart Benton's original watercolor entitled "We all frantically struggled into our clothes" depicted the frenzied actions of Mark Twain and his companions when one of their group drowned in a swimming hole. This episode, during his youth, was recalled by Twain in Life on the Mississippi. Benton's watercolor is one of the illustrations he prepared for editions of Twain's Mississippi River classics and it is part of the exhibit in the Society's Art Gallery. 1= MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR DOROTHY CALDWELL ASSOCIATE EDITOR JAMES W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 201 South Eighth Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communi­ cations, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to The State Historical Society of Missouri, corner of Hitt and Iiowry Streets, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. The REVIEW is sent free to all members of The State Historical VOLUME LXIII Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $2.00 a year or $40 for an individual life membership. The Society assumes NUMBER 4 no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. JULY 1969 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI Fhe State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of this State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1959, Chapter 183. OFFICERS 1968-71 T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield, President L. E. MEADOR, Springfield, First Vice President LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia, Second Vice President RUSSELL V. DYE, Liberty, Third Vice President JACK STAPLETON, SR., Stanberry, Fourth Vice President JOHN A. WINKLER, Hannibal, Fifth Vice President REV. JOHN F. BANNON, S.J., St. Louis, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary Emeritus and Consultant RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary, and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society E. L. DALE, Carthage LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville GFORCE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1969 GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe L. E. MEADOR, Springfield JACK STAPLETON, SR., Stanberry JOSEPH H. MOORE, Charleston HENRY C. THOMPSON, Bonne Terre W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1970 WILLIAM AULL, HI, Lexington GEORGE FULLER GREEN, Kansas City WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE H. SCRUTON, Sedalia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia JAMES TODD, Moberly ALFRED O. FUF.UBRINC.ER, St. Louis T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1971 LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia R. I. COLBORN, Paris ROBERT A. BOWLING, Montgomery City RICHARD B. FOWLER, Kansas City FRANK I*. BRIGGS, Macon VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana HENRY A. HUNDSCIIU, Independence ROBERT NAGEL JONES, St. Louis EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, i he Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the Univer­ sity of Missouri constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Four members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the fifth member, compose the Finance Committee. ELMER ELLIS, Columbia, Chairman WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield The State Historical Society of Missouri is always interested in obtaining new members. For more than seventy years thousands of Missourians who have be­ longed to the Society have been responsible primarily for building its great research collections and libraries. They have given it the support which makes it the largest organization of its type in the United States. The quest for interested new members goes on continually, and your help is solicited in obtaining [Kl them. In every family, and in every community, there are individuals who are sincerely interested in the collection, preservation and dissemination of the his­ tory of Missouri. Why not nominate these people for membership? Annual dues are only $2.00, Life Memberships $40.00. Richard S. Brownlee Director and Secretary M State Historical Society of Missouri Hitt and Lowry Streets Columbia, Missouri 65201 si m [5] M n M m m m m Society to Present Awards At the Annual Meeting in October the Society will confer two awards. An engraved citation and a medallion m will be awarded to a member who has given distin- | guished service to the Society and to the State of Mis­ souri in the promotion and dissemination of knowledge concerning the history of our region. A second engraved citation and a one-hundred-dollar cash award will be I*ii? M given for the REVIEW article during the calendar vear which has contributed most in depth in a scholarly and popular sense to the history of our State. The Distinguished Member will be selected by a three-member committee appointed by the Society presi­ dent. One member of the selection committee will serve ® m tor two years and two members for one year. No active ® officers or trustees of the Society, with the exception of H past presidents, may be nominated for the Distinguished pi [S! Member Award. Nominations should be made in writing [KJ to Richard S. Brownlee, director of the Society, any time m during the calendar year. The prize-winning article will j! m be selected by three historians appointed by the editor m ® ® of the REVIEW. The selection committee will be changed m each year with the exception of one member who will be replaced after two years. ® iIsiaiiisiaKSfflKsraffl "THE TREE IS KNOWN BY HIS FRUIT." [Copied from one of Mr. Greeley's Missouri Organs.] »n Unconstitutional Mob styling itself » Congress, in the prosecution of (in Uncon­ stitutional Crusade, for the Accomplishment of an Unconstitutional «nd Horrid Purpose! DOWR WITH BOND-HOLDERS AND TAXATION! of the Military to the Civil Authorities DOWN WITH THE SATRAPS! Equal Taxation and the Rightful Representation of all the State*, or ANOTHER REBELLION: Revolution must be met by Counter Revolution! —Force by Force!—Violence by Violence! —And Usurpation should be Overthrown, if needs be, by the Bayonet! DOWN WITH TEST OATHS and REGISTRATIONS! VIVE LA RKPUBLIQUE! "ANY THING FOR REVENGE!"-A LA COMMUNE, This cartoon by Thomas Nast appeared in Harper's Weekly, July 27, 1872. Dr. Sauni mentions the cartoon on page 424 in his narrative. CONTENTS DONAN AND THE Caucasian. By Lewis O. Saum , , 418 ORIGINS OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN MISSOURI. By Harry J. Eisenman 451 CARRY NATION, A MISSOURI GIRL, WON FAME AS A KANSAS CRUSADER. By Dorothy J. Caldwell 461 THOMAS HART BENTON AND THE OREGON QUESTION. By William A. Hansen 489 EDITORIAL POLICY 498 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS Dedication Ceremony Held for Winston Churchill Memorial and Library 499 Moberly Monitor-Index Observes Centennial 501 Views from the Past: Missouri Schools 502 News in Brief 504 Local Historical Societies 506 Honors and Tributes 521 Gifts 523 Missouri History in Newspapers 528 Missouri History in Magazines 533 In Memoriam 535 BOOK REVIEWS 536 CIRCUS COMES TO FAYETTE 544 LOUISE STANLEY ..... Inside Back Cover 417 Donan and the Caucasian BY LEWIS O. SAUM* Peter Donan In the wake of the Liberal Republican convention at Cincinnati in 1872, Murat HalsteacTs Commercial turned attention to the in­ ception of the Horace Greeley-B. Gratz Brown ticket that emerged with the nomination. On May 3rd the Commercial recalled that some of the "earliest and most significant" of Greeley's statements of opposition to President Ulysses S. Grant had appeared in the Mis­ souri country press, in one paper in particular. In the next few days Halstead's Cincinnati paper evidently had the occasion to peruse that particular item of Missouri journalism, and so it announced in a long, grandiloquent and hyperbolic editorial on May 15th that "The Man Who Nominated Horace Greeley Discovers Himself." Ac­ cording to the Commercial, all the able editors assembled at Cincinnati ten days ago, to regulate the country, and who have been struggling ever since to evolve from their inner consciousness the mystery of the nomination of Greeley, and writing wonderful his­ tories of it—all but one have been mistaken. The Jove of the occasion has discovered himself. .We refer to Colonel *Lewis O. Saum is an associate professor of History at the University of Washington, Seattle. He received a B.S. degree from North Dakota State Teach­ ers College, Minot, and the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Missouri, Columbia. 420 Missouri Historical Review Patrick Donan of the Lexington, Lafayette County, Mis­ souri Weekly Caucasian. While other independent editors were attempting to manage the Cincinnati Conven­ tion, the mission of the Convention was simply and only to ratify that which had been done by Donan. The next Editorial Syndicate or quadrilateral will not only be im­ perfect, it will be absurd, without Donan. The editor of the Caucasian steps to the front: To be sure, the Commercial wryly conceded, able and powerful journalistic figures such as Henry Watterson of the Louisville Courier-Journal, Samuel Bowles of the Springfield Republican and E. L. Godkin of The Nation had written much about that unusual gathering. But their efforts are "already dimmed—their intellectual fires paled forever before the broad glare of light cast upon these earthly scenes by the meteoric pen of the lurid Donan." The "gifted and glittering" Donan, to use the Commercial's descriptives, occupied a unique and flamboyant place in the Mis­ souri scene of the postwar decade.