2nd International Conference on History Education 2018 INDONESIAN HEROIC SONGS IN HISTORY LEARNING M. Maman Sumaludin, Didin Saripudin, Erlina Wiyanarti Post-Graduate Program of History Education, Indonesia University of Education, Bandung West Java, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract During the national movement until the revolutionary period in Indonesia, Indonesian heroic songs were created and became an important media in arousing the spirit of nationalism and patriotism in seizing and defending Indonesia's independence. However, recently, most of the students are not very familiar with it, and they have a lack of understanding of heroic songs that have historical values and the struggle of national values. The rise of contemporary songs that continue to erode the values of nationalism and patriotism, only prioritizing entertainment compared than the educational values. History learning has an important role in passing down the values of nationalism and patriotism, in this case, the use of Indonesian heroic songs in history learning. Thus, this research is descriptive qualitative research through literature study. It was conducted to develop history learning media. Also, it is hoped that it can be used as a material in implementing historical learning based on character/value so that the values of nationalism and patriotism can be embedded by singing and living the songs of heroic at every opportunity. Keywords: Indonesian heroic song, history learning, nationalism and patriotism Introduction should be passed down and embedded in every Nationalism and patriotism have been nation generation. However, as the times opened since the National movement period, changed, the sense of nationalism and around the beginning of the 20th century. patriotism is started to erode by the Sense of regionalism started to be put aside, globalization. Such as the less solemn student and the sense of national unity is started to be in participating in the flag ceremony every twined. Inspired by the aspiration of National Monday morning, particularly when the Resurrection in 1908, on 28th October 1928 the national anthem was being sung together, some Indonesian youth pledged the Sumpah Pemuda students did not sing solemnly. Moreover, in (Youth Oath), as one homeland, one nation, history class, students do not know the and one language. Melayu language which was Indonesian heroic songs that usually used by a admitted as National language were a defeat for history teacher in some learning material. Most the Dutch. As pledge symbol, Sumpah Pemuda students do not know and understand the heroic text and the national anthem of Indonesia, songs well. In the other hand, students tend to Indonesia Raya used Indonesian Language and interested in contemporary songs which only diatonic music was accepted. Therefore, to prioritizing entertainment than the educational neutralize the Indonesia Youth diversity, the values. role of national music no longer took side to As an effort to maintain the social Java ethnicity or one of the Nusantara values and to filter the incoming values, ethnicities, yet it had to be universal as the educational institution, a social institution, has position of diatonic music [1]. a function as media of the society values Nationalism and Patriotism that had inheritance to their generations and transferring been formed since the struggle period in the latest values so that they can adapt to their seizing and defending Indonesia Independence environment in the future. Through education, the widespread system of belief and value, [1] Soedarsono, R.M. (1998). Seni Pertunjukkan di Era knowledge, norms, customs, and various Globalisasi. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan traditional attitude are passed down by one Kebudayaan. generation to the other following generations. 149 2nd International Conference on History Education 2018 [2]. The value formulation used by society bring the environment of history learning felt tends to pass down through the educational like we are in the past events. It will encourage process, either formal or nonformal education. the student to imagine and understand the Therefore, education is an attempt to prepare historical fact and value in it. For instance, the somebody entering the future that might be event of Bandung Lautan Api in 1946 is emerging new values, but since the old values pictured by the 'Halo-halo Bandung' song established as a historical representative that composed by Ismail Marzuki, which was possibly keep continuing along with written in that time. It became media of generations as the cultural supports. propaganda and encouragement in defending History is the past experiences of the independence of Indonesia. It has a people, so the people that lived after them can message about the meaning of the struggle, so learn from it to be wise people. History is past nationalism and patriotism have to be human experiences, so the people that live in implanted to students as on Permendikbud of the same or the next era can learn from those 2016 No. 21 about the standard of History experiences to be a wise person. Human has to material. Unfortunately, it is rarely found in the be able to take values of the lesson in history as learning material. their guidance and inspiration for their actions One treatment used to form student in the future [3]. Because history is the teacher character in history learning is by listening to of life (historia vitae magistra), means history heroic songs, which have positive and moral has functions of education which teach us that values in the class [5]. Lately, there is a few human should act based on the lesson of people sing heroic songs, even they do not previous events. know it. Unlike the people in the era before the Learning history has important role in Indonesia reformation, Indonesia National education value. It is part of character anthem, Indonesia Raya was played as the education, a media to pass down the good opening of the national TV, TVRI and the value of the past to be presented today so that closing song played was 'Rayuan Kelapa'. it become investation for the future. As well as Those heroic songs are no longer be played and the value of nation spirit written in known. For students, the heroic song is only Permendikbud 2016 No. 21 about the content one of learning material, or they hear it in standard, one of the competencies in history certain events, such a flag ceremony. The material is building the national spirit, and knowledge about the song is limited to the unity [4]. Thus, the value of nationalism dan music, not the understanding of the meaning. patriotism; sacrifice, responsible, leadership, So, this condition should be the concern of the love for the homeland, firm, resilient, and education practices, especially history teacher unyielding is the main modal to solve the that in implementing heroic song in the learning problem if life. History learning should be process is not only on the stage of literal and presenting those values in the process. One of inferential but also appreciation. Students not the elements is the use of learning media in only memorize the lyrics but also understand it. supporting the learning objective. Media of Therefore, there should be any innovation and learning has important role in transferring the discourse in implementing a heroic song on value. In this case, the writer observes the every learning material. learning process using audio media such as The heroic song is the songs that calling Indonesia patriotic songs adjusted by the for nationalism and patriotism attitude, and it learning material and events. Audio media, has to be memorized by the students. The especially heroic songs, is a media that can heroic song is the product or creation of Indonesian music that unites with the [2] Saripudin, D. dan Ahmad, A.R. (2008). Masyarakat Indonesian spirit, and it has a complex function dan Pendidikan: Prespektif Sosiologis. Pahang: in the cultural activity of society. Indonesian Yayasan Istana Abdul Aziz. heroic is called function music due to it is- [3] Sjamsuddin, H. (2007). Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak. [4] , (2016). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Dan [5] Printina, B.I. (2017). Strategi Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Nomor 21 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Berbasis Lagu-Lagu Perjuangan Dalam Konteks Isi Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah. Jakarta: Kesadaran Nasionalisme. Jurnal Agastya Vol. 7, No. Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 1, Januari 2017. 150 2nd International Conference on History Education 2018 created for a national purpose. The Primary research is more meaningful than generalized functions are ceremonial and other national [7]. This study used the case of study method, events, yet so far it is as learning media. case of study method is a deep study on an In conclusion, the importance of song event, environment, and certain circumstances (lyric and tone) either as a source or learning which possibly reveal or understand media in learning history as a system. something. The case of study is used since the However, to understand the heroic song, the study discuss a phenomenon such as the teacher also has to have the ability in explaining decrease of the patriotism and nationalism it in the class so student's knowledge on the value among youth generation on awareness of history of Indonesia struggle will be recent history learning. understood completely, so the identity of the The Indonesia heroic song in history Indonesian heroic song has a clear position. learning was studied using the descriptive Teacher in applying strategy and media of qualitative method. The collected data are the learning should be prioritizing the heroic song collection of the heroic song development from in order to arouse the awareness of nationalism time to time as researcher observation. The and patriotism. This study is aimed to develop researcher emphasized notes with detailed, the strategy and media of learning in every completed, and deep descriptive sentence [8].