ISSN 2075-1117, Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 2016, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 324–332. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2016. Original Russian Text © I.V. Zuev, A.A. Vyshegorodtsev, S.M. Chuprov, D.V. Zlotnik, 2016, published in Rossiiskii Zhurnal Biologicheskikh Invazii, 2016, No. 3, pp. 28–38. Modern Composition and Distribution of Alien Fish Species in the Water Bodies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory I. V. Zueva, *, A. A. Vyshegorodtseva, S. M. Chuprova, and D. V. Zlotnikb aSiberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia bFederal State Budgetary Institution “Yeniseyrybvod,” Krasnoyarsk, 660093 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received December 25, 2014 Abstract—This paper presents the information on the history of appearance, modern composition, and dis- tribution of fish species that have been introduced by man or have settled independently in the water bodies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory since the early 20th century. It is shown that the fish fauna composition has expanded mainly in the basin of the upper and middle Yenisei as well as in the basin of the Chulym that is a right tributary of the Ob; the fish fauna of the Pyasina and Khatanga rivers that are beyond the Arctic Circle has remained unchanged. Eleven fish species and two subspecies are new for the region; among them, com- mon bream and sunbleak have largely expanded their range in the Yenisei and Chulym basins; pike perch, Amur sleeper, and bleak have enlarged their range only in the Chulym basin. The spread of other species is limited by the regions of their artificial stocking. Peled that is common for the northern regions of the territory was resettled in the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir; the status of Prussian carp that was introduced from the Amur River and degree of its assimilation with the local populations of this species are not clear. Keywords: alien fish species, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Yenisei River, Angara River, Chulym River, Uzhur group of lakes DOI: 10.1134/S20751117160 40123 INTRODUCTION The description and counting of the number of alien and native fish species were carried out using The modern Krasnoyarsk krai including the their valid species names according to the “Vertebrates Taimyr and Evenkia has an extremely ramified hydro- of Russia” (2014) information retrieval system of the graphic network, but a relatively small number of Institute of Ecology and Evolution Problems Russian native fish and fish-like species (42 species). Since the Academy of Sciences (IEEP RAS). 1930s, the works on the directed formation of fish fauna at local lakes started in the south of the territory, and the hydrological construction in the second half of the cen- THE PROPERTIES OF THE HYDROGRAPHIC tury largely changed the regime of the upper and middle NETWORK OF THE REGION Yenisei as well as Angara. These factors have led to the The water bodies of the Krasnoyarsk krai belong to situation that by the early 21st century invaders fish the basins of four major rivers: the Yenisei, Ob, Kha- have begun to account for about a quarter of the species tanga, and Pyasina. The greater part of the area of the composition of the fish fauna in the territory. region belongs to the basin of the Yenisei that is con- The existing publications on the inventorying of the nected with the Angara–Baikal–Selenga system in the fish fauna of the region are usually limited to the scale east. The watershed between the Yenisei and Ob basin of one river basin or its local area (Podlesnyi, 1958; goes along the western boundary of the region; more- Golovko, 1971; Kuklin, 1999; Vyshegorodtsev, 2000). over, in the area of the modern Krasnoyarskoe Reser- The information about invaders is represented by a voir, the width of the watershed that separates it from series of short articles, and there are no review papers the Chulym that is a large Ob tributary is about 10 km. on the subject. The contact between the Yenisei and Ob basins (the Ob-Yenisei channel) existed in the environs of the set- The purpose of this paper is make a summary of the tlement of Aleksandrovskii shlyuz for a long time history of appearance, modern composition, and (Fig. 1b); today, it is not exploited. The basins of the spread of alien fish species in the water bodies of Kras- Pyasina and Khatanga are located primarily beyond noyarsk krai on the basis of our own research and ret- the Artic Circle and connected with others only rospective analysis of scientific publications. through the Kara Sea and Laptev Sea. 324 RUSSIAN JOURNAL OFBIOLOGICAL ° 100 Angara River Number of a species Kara Sea 11 1 Rainbow trout 2 Pink salmon 2 Pyasina R i v e 3 Baikal omul r Khatanga River 4 Peled MODERN COMPOSITION ANDDISTRIBUTION ° Krasnoyarsk Territory 70 (c) 5 Ludoga whitefishl 6 Vendace 8 Angara River INVASIONS Vol.7 No.4 2016 7 Amur catfish 12 8 Bream 15 9 Common carp Lower Tu ngusk 1 10 Prussian carp a River Srezh River Yryup River Yenisei River 8 11 Sunbleak Bereshskoe Beloe Lake Reservoir Stony Tunguska 12 Bleak River Ingol Lake Kosogol Lake Linevo Lake (d) 13 Silver carp Tsingol Lake Bolshoe Lake 60° 14 Amur sleeper Maloe Lake Angara River 50 km Ob-Yenisei 8 15 Pike-perch Krasnoyarskoe Canal Angara River Chulym Reservoir 14 14 Distribution of fish species over River water objects 8 Bolshoe Lake 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11 Maloe Lake 8, 10, 11 8 Beloe Lake 10, 11 9 Kosogol Lake 10, 11 Krasnoyarskoe Ingol Lake 6, 8, 11 Reservoir Linevo Lake 4, 9, 10, 11 Bereshskoe Reservoir 8, 9, 10, 13 Krasnoyarskoe Reservoir 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 (a) (b) (e) Fig. 1. Distribution of fish species over the Krasnoyarsk krai: (a) the species that invaded in the Uzhur group of lakes, Krasnoyarsk and Bereshska reservoirs; (b) the distribution of pink salmon (2) and bream (8); (c) the distribution of sunbleak (11); (d) the distribution of rainbow trout (1), Amur catfish (7), bleak (12), and pike perch (15); (e) the dis- tribution of Amur sleeper (14) and Common carp (9). 325 326 ZUEV et al. The 1960s brought about the beginning of large- the Abakan, Tuba, Amyl, etc.). Below the dam of the scale works on hydrological construction, which Krasnoyarsk HPS, trout was noted in the right-bank resulted in the cascade of hydroelectric power stations tributary of the Yenisei (the Mana River) as well as (HPSs) at the Yenisei: Sayano-Shushenskoe, Maina, sporadically in the Yenisei at a distance of up to 200 km and Krasnoyarsk HPSs. The cascade of the Angara downstream from the city of Kransnoyarsk. The cases reservoirs that were located in the Irkutsk oblast was of spawning or finding trout fingerlings in natural hab- complemented by the Boguchany HPS; the reservoir itats of the tailrace of the Krasnoyarsk HPS are of the same name was filled to the normal water level unknown. The spread of trout down the Yenisei can be (208 m) in 2015. The basin of the Chulym River prevented by a permanent ice cover, in the presence of became the place for organizing the Nazarovo and which the species does not survive (Mikheev, 1982). Berezovka State Regional Power Stations (SRPSs) that discharge warmed water into the Chulym and Beresha Reservoir, respectively. The construction of 2. Pink Salmon— high-pressure HPSs at the Yenisei and Angara has Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792) changed not only the hydrological, but also the ther- In 1959–1960, 29.6 mln salmon fingerlings with a mal regime of the rivers (Kosmakov et al., 2011). The weight of 0.2–0.7 g were released into the rivers of the Yenisei in the downstream of the Krasnoyarsk HPS Kola Peninsula (Burmakin, 1963). In 1963, salmon does not freeze in winter over 100–300 km from the first appeared in the Yenisei River delta; subsequently, dam; the influence of the HPS on the ice regime of the the species came to be regularly found in the catches in river can be traced to the mouth of the Stony Tunguska the lower Yenisei (Kuklin, 1999) (see Fig. 1b). There is River (Dolgikh and Shadrin, 2010). a reason to believe that salmon spawns in the tributar- The presence of a large Uzhur group of lakes in the ies of the lower Yenisei, Tanama, Yar, and Dudinka. southwest of the Krasnoyarsk krai that have a limited There is no official information on the population size fish species composition and are devoid of typical and volumes of catches of this species. plankton and benthophages has given large opportuni- ties to increase their fish production by introducing 3. Baikal Omul— valuable fish species, primarily whitefish (Ioganzen Coregonus autumnalis migratorius (Georgi, 1775) et al., 1972). It is this area that became a key center of aquaculture in the region in the 1930s. As a whole, the The Uzhur group of the Upper-Chulym lakes and Uzhur group of lakes includes about ten water bodies Krasnoyarsk Reservoir were stocked with the breeding with an area of more than 1 km2, which differ in size, material of Baikal omul (Fig. 1a). In 1970 and 1972, depth, and salinity. The Bolshoe and Beloye lakes are larvae of Baikal omul were released into the Bolshoe the largest of them (S = 32.3 km2 and S = 52.9 km2, Lake at the amount of 3.3 mln sp. and into the Tsingol respectively) (Fig. 1a). All lakes of this group belong to Lake at the amount of 100000 sp. in order to obtain the Chulym River basin. commodity products (Popkov, 1979). However, due to the lack of conditions for natural reproduction (the absence of large tributaries), the introduction of omul SPECIFIC ESSAYS ON ALIEN FISH SPECIES did not finish with naturalization.