! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! !!!! !! ! !! !! !!!!! ! ! !!!! ! ! !!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Part III Part III ! ! ! !!!! ! ! !!!! ! ! !!!I!!nteractioIn toefr aP ch!toi!o t! no! !nos!f ! w!P!iht!ho ! t !Mo!n!ast tweirth Matter #! #! 0! 0!3-*//!/88/#&+!(*/!$46)*&(%&9!3-*//!/88/#&+!(*/!$46)*&(%&9! (a) Carbon ( Z = 6) (a) Carbon ( Z = 6) 1 Mb − experimental σ 1 Mb EHD − experimental σtot tot • "#$%&$''(&)*+• "#$%&$''(&)*+ EHD C)-'/%+&)88!A'/$#-&BC)-'/%+&)88!A'/$#-&B Part III Iatom) nteraction of Photons with Matter / atom) σ Part III / σp.e. Interactionp.e. of Photons with Matter ; : Part III • ,-)&)/88/#&9I•!!!!!!n,-)&)/88/#&9t!e!:!(&)4!ract"i!!!!!!o!/n;!:!(&)4! !:!(&)4!of :P"h!/ot!:!(&)4ons with Matter • • ,-)&)./&/#&)*+ ,-)&)./&/#&)*+ E1D1 kb E1D1 kb #! 0! 3-*//!/88/#&+!(*/!$46)*&(%&9!5 5 (a) Carbon σ( Z = 6) !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Z Z σcoherent coherent !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! # $ ----------- 3-*//!/88/#&+!(*/!$46)*&(%&9! 1 Mb − experimental σtot #! # $ ----------- 0!Ph ••"#$%&$''(&)*+0-/*/%1)2!./&/#&)*+!• 0-/*/%1)2!./&/#&)*+! EHD (a) CarbonPh ( Z3.5 = 6) E3.5 Cross section (barns E Cross section (barns C)-'/%+&)88!A'/$#-&B 1 Mb − experimental σtot 1 b !!!!ED1 b EHD • atom) !!!!ED "#$%&$''(&)*+ / σp.e. ; : κ •κN,-)&)/88/#&9!!!!!!C)-'/%+&)88!A'/$#-&B!!:!(&)4!"!/ !:!(&)4 • N • 3*(%+$&$)%!*(.$(&$)%!./&/#&)*+ σ σ σnuc atom) κ • 3*(%+$&$)%!*(.$(&$)%!./&/#&)*+ σ incoh / ,-)&)./&/#&)*+ E1D1 kb incoh nuc κe e σp.e. ; : 10 mb 10 mb ; : • ,-)&)/88/#&9; : !!!!!!!!:!(&)4!"!/ !:!(&)4 EF4D EF4D • • 0)46&)%/88/#&95 !!!!:!(&)4!" ! :!/ !:!(&)4 • ,-)&)./&/#&)*+ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!0)46&)%/88/#&9Z!!!!:!(&)4!" ! :!/ !:!(&)4 σcoherent E1D1 kb,D # $ ----------- ••0-/*/%1)2!./&/#&)*+!0(')*$4/&/*+• 0(')*$4/&/*+ (b) Lead ( Z = 82) ,D(b) Lead ( Z = 82) Ph 3.5 − experimental σtot E 5 Cross section (barns experimental 1 Mb − σtot !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!lnE lnE Z 1 Mb σp.e. σ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! --------- Z !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - +-)5/*!./2/')64/%&- +-)5/*!./2/')64/%& !!!!ED1 b σp.e. coherent # $ ---------#% Z $ % # $ ----------- @'/$!A+#-5/*B @'/$!A+#-5/*B Compton E Compton E Ph 3.5 • 0-/*/%1)2!./&/#&)*+! κN E atom) Cross section (barns atom) • 3*(%+$&$)%!*(.$(&$)%!./&/#&)*+- /'/#&*)4(7%/&$#!#(')*$4/&/*+ σ / σ - /'/#&*)4(7%/&$#!#(')*$4/&/*+ / incoh nuc κe 4$%$4<41 b 10 mb 4$%$4<4σ !!!!ED ; : - -(.*)%$#!#(')*$4/&/*+- -(.*)%$#!#(')*$4/&/*+ EF4D σcoherent coherent • 0)46&)%/88/#&9!!!!:!(&)4!" ! :!/ !:!(&)4 1 kb 1 kb κN • 3*(%+$&$)%!*(.$(&$)%!./&/#&)*+ (b) Lead ( Z = 82) ,D σ σ : > : > • 0(')*$4/&/*+ • ,($*6*).<#&$)%9incoh • ,($*6*).<#&$)%9!!!!:!%<#'=!nuc "κ e/ !!!:!/!!:!%<#'=!!!:!%<#'=" / !:!/ !!:!%<#'= − experimental σtot 10 mb lnE 1 Mb κN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ; : σp.e. σ σincoh κN EF4D # $ --------- % Z • 0)46&)%/88/#&9!!!!:!(&)4!" ! :!/ !:!(&)4 - +-)5/*!./2/')64/%& incoh @'/$!A+#-5/*B Compton E Cross section (barns Cross section (barns 1 b 2 ,D 2 2 2 atom) 1 b (b) Lead ( Z = 82) # $ Z E » 2m c - /'/#&*)4(7%/&$#!#(')*$4/&/*+• 0(')*$4/&/*+ / κ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!# !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$ Z !!8?*!!E » 2m !!8?*!!c κe e Pair P!air e ! e 4$%$4<4 σ − experimental σtot σnuc nuc !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! lnE - -(.*)%$#!#(')*$4/&/*+ σcoherent 1 Mb σ - +-)5/*!./2/')64/%& 1 kb p.e. # $ --------- % Z 10 mb 10 mb @'/$!A+#-5/*B : > Compton E 10 eV 1 keV 101 MeVeV 1 keV 1 GeV 1001 MeV GeV J 1 GeV• 100 GeV J! Photon Energy ! ,($*6*).<#&$)%9!!!!:!%<#'=!" / !:!/ !!:!%<#'= Photon Energy atom) - /'/#&*)4(7%/&$#!#(')*$4/&/*+ / κN EF/GσincohE1/G EF/GEH/G E1/GEI/G EH/GEFFI/G EI/G EFFI/G 4$%$4<4 Cross section (barns σcoherent - -(.*)%$#!#(')*$4/&/*+ 1 b 2 2 [email protected]@desy.de 1 1 Particl e D e t e c t o r s 3 P article Detectors 3 [email protected] [email protected] 1 kb!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2 # 2$ Z !!8?*!! E » 2 m Pacrticle D e t e c t o r s 3 P article Detectors 3 κe Pair ! e : > σnuc • ,($*6*).<#&$)%9!!!!:!%<#'=!" / !:!/ !!:!%<#'= 10 mb κN 10 eV 1 keV 1 MeV 1 GeV 100 GeV J! σincoh Photon Energy Cross section (barns EF/G E1/G EH/G EI/G EFFI/G 1 b !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!# $ Z2 !!8?*!!E » 2m c2 κe Pair ! e [email protected] 1 Particle Detectors 3 [email protected] 2 σ nuc Particle Detectors 3 !!! ! !!! !!! !!! ! !!! !!! 10 mb Detectors for Particle Physics: 3 1 [email protected] Detectors for Particle Physics: 3 2 10 eV 1 keV 1 MeV 1 GeVcarsten.niebuhr@desy100 GeV J! .de Photon Energy EF/G E1/G EH/G EI/G EFFI/G [email protected] 1 Particle Detectors 3 [email protected] 2 Particle Detectors 3 Intensi t y!Intensity!!I A!n !!tt! etnesniutayt iAAttenuationonttenuation PhotonPhoton AbsorptionAbPshoortpotni oAn bLLengthseonrgpthio n- Len g t!!!h - N 1 1 N A % # A % # T/8$%$&$)%!)8!4(++!(D+)*6&$)%!#)/88$#$/%&9!T/8$%$&$)%!)8!4(++!(D+)*6&$)%!#)/88$#$/%&9!- = ---------------!N7!#4- =>UO!!!-------5$&---------!N7!#4!!µ = >U---O!!!--------5$&----- !!µ = --------------- (µ ⁄ .) (µ ⁄ .) A A • K%&/%+$&L!(&&/%<(&$)%9!• K%&/%+$&L!(&&/%<(&$)%9!I(x) = I % exp(I–(xµ)x)=M! I % exp(–µx)M! Intensity A0ttenuatio0n Photon Absorpt5ion Length - !!! ! !!! Z5 Z lnE lnE 2 !!! N ----------- # #$ ----------- $ ---------#% Z $ -------#-- % Z $ Z2 # $ Z N A % # A % # #Ph $ Ph Com3.5pton E Compton E Pair Pair 5$&-!4(++!(D+)*6&$)%!#)/88$#$/%&!!5$&-!4(++!(D+)*6&$)%!#)/88$#$/%&!!µ = --------------- !!!N#4µ >E=O!!--------------- !!!N#4>EO!! E3.5 E A A 1 N A % # T/8$%$&$)%!)8!4(++!(D+)*6&$)%!#)/88$#$/%&9!- = ---------------!N7!#4>UO!!!5$&-!!µ = --------------- +&*)%7'L!/%/*7L!./6/%./%&+&*)%7'L!/%/*7L!./6/%./%& 100 100 (µ ⁄ .) A • K%&/%+$&L!(&&/%<(&$)%9!I(x) = I0 % exp(–µx)M! Z5 lnE 2 10 10----------- # $ --------- % Z # $ Z • N A % # #Ph $ Compton E Pair •5$&-!4(++!(D+)*6&$)%!#)/88$#$/%&!!#)%%/#&$)%!D/&5//%!*(.$(&$)%!'/%7&-!(%.!-$7-!/%/*7L!'$4$&!8)*!6($*!#)%%/#&$)%!D/&5//%!*(.$(&$)%!'/%7&-!(%.!-$7-!/%/*7L!'$4$&!8)*!6($*!µ = ---------------I!!!N#4nte>EnO!!sity Attenuation E3.5 Photon Absorption Length - ) Sn ) Sn 6*).<#&$)%9 A 2 6*).<#&$)%9 2 1 1 Fe Pb cm Fe Pb +&*)%7'L!/%/*7L!./6/%./%& 100cm 7 183 7 A 1 / 7 183 2 72 A 1 / Si Si 2 2 g !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!# !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!= --#4'r Z ln----=-------- 4 '(r e Z -- ln% ----------%----- - -- -(!! -- % ------- % ------ !! g 1 N A % # E »e 1 GeV 1 3 ( >U E » 1 GeV 1 ⁄ 39 ⁄ 9 N X ( 0.1 0.1 9 9 N X λ Z ZA 0 A 0 λ 10 T/8$%$&$)%!)8!4(++!(D+)*6&$)%!#)/88$#$/%&9!- = ---------------!N7!#4 O!!!5$&-!!µ = --------------- • #)%%/#&$)%!D/&5//%!*(.$(&$)%!'/%7&-!(%.!-$7-!/%/*7L!'$4$&!8)*!6($*! H C H C (µ ⁄ .) A • K%&/%+$&L!(&&/%<(&$)%9!I(x) = I % exp(–µx)M! 0.01 0 ) 0.01 Sn 6*).<#&$)%9 2 1 Z5 lnE Fe Pb --------- Z 2 N % # cm # $ ----------- # $ % # $ Z 7 2 2 183 7 A 1 A / Si Ph Compton E Pair 7 x 7 x >E g 0.001 3.5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!# + = --45$&-!4(++!(D+)*6&$)%!#)/88$#$/%&!!', re Z ln+----------- ,( -- % ------- % ------ !! µ = --------------- !!!N#4 O!! 0.001 E &!!I(x) = IE »%1&exp GeV!!I(–x -)-9--=---- I!6*)D(D$'$&L!8)*!6($*!6*).<#&$)%!(8&/*0 % exp –1 -⁄-3------ !6*)D(D$'$&L!8)*!6($*!6*).<#&$)%!(8&/*9 N X ( 0.1 0 ) * A 0 λ ) 9X0* Z 9X0 A Absorption length –4 Absorption length –4 C +&*)%7'L!/%/*7L!./6/%./%& 10 H10 100 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!&*(2/*+$%7!)%/!P!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!&*(2/*+$%7!)%/!PF!$+!!!!QRS= F!$+!!!!QRS= 0.01 –5 10–5 10 7 x 0.001 10 &!!I(x) = I % exp+– ------•--, !6*)D(D$'$&L!8)*!6($*!6*).<#&$)%!(8&/* 0 ) * #)%%/#&$)%!D/&5//%!*(.$(&$)%!'/%7&-!(%.!-$7-!/%/*7L!'$4$&!8)*!6($*! –6 –6 9X0 10 10 ) Absorption length –4 Sn 6*).<#&$)%9 10 10 eV 100 eV 101 keV eV 10010 keV eV 1001 keV keV 1012 MeV keV 1 10010 MeV keV 1001 MeV MeV 101 GeVMeV 10010 GeVMeV 1001 GeV GeV 10 GeV 100 GeV !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!&*(2/*+$%7!)%/!PF!$+!!!!QRS= Photon energy Photon energy Fe Pb J cm J! ! 7 2 2 183 7 A 1 –5 / Si !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!# = --4'r Z ln----------- ( -- % ------- % ------ !! 10 g [email protected]@desy.de 3 3 e Particl e D e t e c t o r s 3 P article Detectors 3 [email protected] [email protected] 4 4 Particle D e t e c t o r s 3 P article Detectors 3 E » 1 GeV 9 1 ⁄ 3 9 N X ( 0.1 Z A 0 λ Detectors for Particle Physics: 3 [email protected] Detectors for– Particle6 Physics: 3 [email protected] 3 10 4 H C 10 eV 100 eV 1 keV 10 keV 100 keV 1 MeV 0.0110 MeV 100 MeV 1 GeV 10 GeV 100 GeV Photon energy J! [email protected] 3 + 7 x , Particle Detectors 3 [email protected] 4 0.001 Particle Detectors 3 &!!I(x) = I0 % exp – -------- !6*)D(D$'$&L!8)*!6($*!6*).<#&$)%!(8&/* ) 9X0* Absorption length 10–4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!&*(2/*+$%7!)%/!PF!$+!!!!QRS= 10–5 10–6 10 eV 100 eV 1 keV 10 keV 100 keV 1 MeV 10 MeV 100 MeV 1 GeV 10 GeV 100 GeV Photon energy J! [email protected] 3 Particle Detectors 3 [email protected] 4 Particle Detectors 3 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Scintillation Detectors ! ! ! ! ! Inorganic Crystals Scintillation Detectors ! ! ! ! ! Inorganic Crystals 34.'9-$@!=&>+6'DE&>+>$! 34.'9-$@!=&>+6'DE&>+>$! "#$%&'$%&%!&(!)*+%,+--.,+&%!/%&0%!)+%*$!-&%12!34,$%)+5$!6)$!&%-7!.(,$8!+%5$%,+&%!&(!! • *&%>6*,+&%!A.%> "#$%&'$%&%!&(!)*+%,+--.,+&%!/%&0%!)+%*$!-&%12!34,$%)+5$!6)$!&%-7!.(,$8!+%5$%,+&%!&(!! B.E!+%)6-.,&8!0+,#!A.%>1.9!&(!F$G 9#&,&'6-,+9-+$8!+%!:;<<2!=+%*$!,#$%!)+1%+(+*.%,!>$5$-&9'$%,!&(!,#+)!,$*#%&-&172ScintillationScintillation DDetectorsetectors • B.E!+%)6-.,&8!0+,#!A.%>1.9!&(!F$GInorganicIno rCrystalsganic Crystals*&%>6*,+&%!A.%> 9#&,&'6-,+9-+$8!+%!:;<<2Scint!=+%*$!,#$%!)+1%+(+*.%,!>$5$-&9'$%,!&(!,#+)!,$*#%&-&172illation Detectors Inorganic Cryst$4*+,&%!A.%>als $-$*,8&% ?>5.%,.1$!(&8!>$,$*,+&%!&(!9.8,+*-$)!.%>!9#&,&%)@ • 8$9-.*$!"!H2:I!&(!)&>+6'!.,&')!0+,#!)&D $4*+,&%!A.%>