RUSSIAN LOANWORDS IN the CHULYM TURKIC DIALECTS MARZANNA POMORSKA w RUSSIAN LOANWORDS in the CHULYM TURKIC DIALECTS [t| AKADEMICKA Kraków © Copyright by Marzanna Pomorska, 2017 Review prof, dr hab. Romuald Huszcza dr hab. Tomasz Majtczak Editing Mateusz Urban Cover design Anna Siemontowska-Czaja Publication financed by Faculty of Philology of the Jagiellonian University ISBN 978-83-7638-872-4 KSIĘGARNIA AKADEMICKA ul. św. Anny 6, 31-008 Kraków tel./faks: 12 431 2743, 12421 13 87 e-mail: [email protected] Online bookstore: www.akademicka.pl Contents Part A. Introduction................................................................................... 9 Part B. Index of Russian loanwords in the Chulym Turkic dialects............................................................................................... 15 Chapter I. Index of Russian loanwords in Middle Chulym................... 15 Chapter II. Index of Russian loanwords in Lower Chulym.................. 77 Chapter III. Index of Russian loanwords in Kiiarik............................... 91 Chapter IV. Index of Russian loanwords in an unidentified Chulym dialect................................................................................................ 95 Part C. Phonetic adaptation of Russian loanwords in the Chulym Turkic dialects................................................................................... 107 Chapter I. Adaptation of Russian consonants in word-initial position............................................................................................... 107 0. Word-initialconsonants in theChulym Turkic dialects................ 107 1. Stops................................................................................................ 108 2. Fricatives......................................................................................... 113 3. Affricates......................................................................................... 118 4. Liquids............................................................................................. 119 5. Nasals............................................................................................... 121 6. The glide j-...................................................................................... 122 7. Consonant clusters in word-initial position.................................. 123 Chapter II. Adaptation of Russian consonants in word-medial position............................................................................................... 131 1. Stops................................................................................................ 131 2. Fricatives......................................................................................... 140 5 Contents 3. Affricates......................................................................................... 150 4. Liquids............................................................................................. 153 5. Nasals............................................................................................... 155 6. The glide -j-.................................................................................... 156 7. Consonant clusters in word-medial position................................. 158 8. Geminates in word-medial position.............................................. 170 Chapter III. Adaptation of Russian consonants in word-final position............................................................................................... 173 0. Word-final consonants in the Chulym Turkic dialects................ 173 1. Stops ............................................................................................... 174 2. Fricatives......................................................................................... 178 3. Affricates......................................................................................... 183 4. Liquids............................................................................................. 184 5. Nasals............................................................................................... 186 6. The glide-j...................................................................................... 187 7. Consonant clusters in word-final position.................................... 187 8. Apocope.......................................................................................... 190 Chapter IV. Adaptation of Russian vowels............................................ 193 0. Introductory remarks on Chulym Turkic vocalism ..................... 193 1. Treatment of Russian stressed vowels......................................... 194 2. Chulym reflexes of Russian vowels in unstressed position....... 200 3. Adaptations of Russian back vowels adjacent to palatalized or soft consonants....................................................................... 213 4. Other qualitative changes of Russian stressed vowels................ 217 5. Vowel metathesis............................................................................. 221 6. Vowel epenthesis, prothesis and anaptyxis.................................. 221 7. Paragoge and apocope.................................................................... 222 Part D. Russian loanwords in the Chulym Turkic dialects by semantic fields and word classes...................................................................... 223 Chapter I. Semantic fields......................................................................... 223 Chapter II. Word classes............................................................................ 233 1. Verbs and defective verbs.............................................................. 234 2. Adjectives....................................................................................... 235 3. Adverbs and particles...................................................................... 235 6 Contents 4. Numerals......................................................................................... 235 5. Conjunctions................................................................................... 236 Part E. Morphological integration of Russian loanwords in the Chulym Turkic dialects................................................................................... 237 1. Inflectional integration of Russian loanwords.............................. 237 2. Derivational integration of Russian loanwords............................ 238 Part F. Abbreviations, sources and literature........................................... 243 1. Grammatical terms.......................................................................... 243 2. Languages, dialects and authors.................................................. 244 3. References....................................................................................... 245 3.1 Sources of Chulym Turkic lexical material........................ 245 3.2 Literature............................................................................... 247 Part G. Index of Russian etyma................................................................ 253 Part A Introduction he earliest information on the peoples referred to in Turcology as “the TChulym Turks”1 appears in Russian official and duty documents around the end of the 16th century, at the beginning of the Russian colonization of their territory,2 i.e. the area of the lower and middle reaches of the Chulym river and its tributaries the Kiya and the Yaya.3 Of course, it may be assumed that linguistic contact between Russian and its dialects and the Chulym Turkic dialects4 began at that time, but the earliest sources on Chulym lexis, which enable a comprehensive study, do not date back earlier than 1863. In that year, Wilhelm Radloff started his archeological and linguistic research in the area of the Kiya river,5 which was then inhabited by the Kiiarik Turks. As a result, Radloff recorded Kiiarik (henceforth, Kiia.) lexical material and published it in his works.6 Further archeological and linguistic research in the territory inhabited by the Chulym Turks began in the 1940s and was conducted by Andrej Pavlovic 1 Earlier also “Chulym Tatars” etc. For self designations and designations used by the scholars, see Pomorska 2004: 14ff. In the 2006 article, Anderson & Harrison use the ethnonym "Os people” and the linguonym “Os” ~ “Os till” - “Os langauge” for “Middle Chulym people” and “Middle Chulym language", respectively. For critical comments regarding the term “Os”, see Pomorska 2010: 172ff. 2 “Район расселения чулымских тюрков уже в конце XVI в. вошел в состав русского государства, и его население с этого времени стало облагаться ясаком.” (CulT 82, cf. also Alekseev 1991: 6). 3 “The largest area inhabited by the Chulym Turks was that in the П"1 and 18lh centuries and it was then the territory of the west part of Krasnoyarsk Krai, the north part of Kemerovo Region and the south-east part of Tomsk Region.” (Pomorska 2004: 13, cf. also Krivonogov 1998: 63). 4 For simplicity’s sake, we will further use also the term “Chulym” and the abbreviation “Cui.”. 5 North of Marinsk, cf. CulT 128, Alekseev 1991: 15f., Pomorska 2004: 13. 6 Cf. R and RPro in References (F.3.1). Some additional data on the Chulym Turks living on the banks of the Kiya river may be found in Radloff 1893. 9 Part A. Introduction Dul’zon.7 As Dul’zon writes himself,8 he began collecting Chulym lexical material in 19469 and in 1950 his research extended over the entire territory inhabited by the Chulym Turks in the Tomsk