Government of Karnataka Department of Technical Education Board of Technical Examinations, Bengalooru DIPLOMA IN CINEMATOGRAPHY Course Title: Course Code: 15CN31T LENS and LIGHTING TECHNIQUES Credits (L:T:P) : 4:0:0 Core/ Elective: CORE Contact Hrs: 4Hrs/week Type of course: Lecture Total Contact Hours: 52 CIE: 25 Marks SEE: 100 Marks Prerequisites: keen to know about quality of image in visual medium.& concepts of lens aesthetics both in film emulsion & digital era and the behaviour of light through lens Course Objectives: 1. To Know the Various types of Lenses 2. To Understand the various Aesthetical image quality control through lenses 3. To identify behaviour of light inside the lens 4. To associate with the lighting techniques and aesthetics On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to attain CO CL Linked PO Teaching Course Outcome Hrs CO1 . List the various types of 06 1,2,3 photographic lenses U/R CO2 Understand the uses of Photographic 10 U/R/A 1,2,6,7,10 lenses in professional cinematography CO3 Know the Care & handling of the U/R/A 1,2,7,10 08 lenses CO4 Apprise the prominent impact of 12 1,2,3,6,7,10 Lighting during filming U/R/A C05 Understand the concept of angle and 10 U/R/A 1,2,36,7,10 coverage of lighting C06 Test the knowledge of lenses & their R/U/A 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10 06 elements for exposure control Total sessions 52 Directorate of Technical Education Karnataka State 15CN31T Page 1 COURSE-PO ATTAINMENT MATRIX Course Programme Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 EVOLUTION OF 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 PHOTOGRAPH Y Level 3- Highly Addressed, Level 2-Moderately Addressed, Level 1-Low Addressed. Method is to relate the level of PO with the number of hours devoted to the COs which address the given PO. If >40% of classroom sessions addressing a particular PO, it is considered that PO is addressed at Level 3 If 25 to 40% of classroom sessions addressing a particular PO, it is considered that PO is addressed at Level 2 If 5 to 25% of classroom sessions addressing a particular PO, it is considered that PO is addressed at Level 1 If < 5% of classroom sessions addressing a particular PO, it is considered that PO is considered not-addressed. COURSE CONTENT AND BLUE PRINT OF MARKS FOR SEE Unit Hour Marks allocated Weightage Marks No Unit Name for different of Marks weightage Cognitive level (%) Questions R U A 1 PATH OF LIGHT 08 05 10 10 25 18 2 LENS DESIGN 08 05 10 10 25 18 3 LENS TYPES 10 05 10 10 25 17 4 TYPES OF LAMPS 06 05 05 05 15 10 5 EXPOSURE CONTROL 10 05 10 10 25 17 LIGHTING RATIO and 10 10 10 10 30 20 6 PARAMETERS Total 52 145 145 100 Legend: R; Remember, U: Understand A: Application CONTENTS UNIT-1 PATH OF LIGHT : Definition ,elements and types , optical theory- reflection, refraction, absorption and transmission, dispersion, PHYSICAL OPTICS-Interference, Diffraction, Physics of the image, modulation transfer function, polarization. GEOMETRICAL OPTICS-Image formation by simple lenses, compound lenses and cordial planes, focal length, magnification, mirrors. OPTICAL CALCULATIONS- Terminology, equations, combination of lenses, focusing movement, depth of focus and depth of field. OPTICAL MATERIALS- Glasses, plastics and other materials. Aperture - diaphragm. F stop , t-stop , exposure calculations UNIT-2 LENS DESIGN OPTICAL ENGINEERING-Pre design, ray tracing, computer aided design, optimization, special designs, LENS HISTORY- Pre photography, astigmatic lenses, Petzval lenses, symmetrical doublets, Directorate of Technical Education Karnataka State 15CN31T Page 2 astigmatism, triplets, double gauss lenses, modern lenses, LENS MANUFACTURE- Stages of production, additional techniques, aspharics, lens mount. LENS COATING- Light losses and effects, theory of thin films, coating methods, multi layer coatings. LENS TESTING- Purpose of testing, calibration during manufacturing. METHODS OF TESTING- Infinity test, the collimator, the reflex auto collimator, star testing, test charts, MFT testing. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF LENS- Lens attachments, lens flare, lens hood, lens makers formula, lens resolution, lens speed, lens testing chart. UNIT-3 LENS TYPES Afocal lens, Anamorphic lens, aspheric lens, camera lenses, catadioptric lens, catoptrics lens, condenser lens, convertible lens, enlarger lens, field lens, , flat field lens, fluoride lens, Fresnel lens, hill cloud lens, long focus lens, macro lens, macro zoom lens, meniscus lens, micro imaging lens, mirror lens, multiple lens, negative lens, orthoscopic lens, perspective control lens(PC), portrait attachment lens, portrait lens, positive lens , process lens, projector lens, reduction lens, reflecting lens, relay lens, soft focus lens, split dioptor lens, supplementary lens, telephoto lens, variable focal length lens, wide angle lens, zoom lens. COVERING POWER OF LENSES-Image circle, circle of good definition, extra covering power, natural vignetting, reduction of vignetting, mechanical vignetting, LENS ABERRATIONS-Causes and effects, monochromatic types, chromatic types and remedies. UNIT-4 TYPES OF LAMPS Arc lights, Tungsten Halogen lamps, CFL lamps, HMI lamps, LED lamps, Role of Gaffer, & the Department of Lighting Maintenance. Reflectors- Fixture lens, Cookies, Nets, CT meter, Spot meter, Light meter, Cyclorama , Gobos. Barn doors, Flags, Scrims, Dimmers, Diffuser, Fuses, Light cables, & Connectors. Color Temperature- Filters, & Mired shift values. C.T meter. UNIT-5 EXPOSURE CONTROL Exposure Index, Exposure Test, Assessment of Exposure Index, Exposure Latitude, Effect of Over Exposure- Camera speed, & Exposure, Exposure & Color, Shutter Angle & Exposure. Effects of Under Exposure- Ansel Adams ‘s Zone system. Correct Exposure- Technical , Aesthetic Approach in setting Exposure, Factors of Exposure & background, Exposure & Direction of light. Light measurement, Types, Incident Reflected. Advantages & Disadvantages. of metering system. Importance of Grey card. UNIT-6 LIGHTING RATIO Key to Shadow, High light to key, High light to key to Shadow Ratio, Portraiture - Single Subject, -Two Subject, One light Glamour, Working with Glamour, Light ratio for Film & Television. Light Effects- Point light Source, Multi point source (Brute), Reflex & Front projection, Chroma key, Semi-Silvered Mirrors, Pepper ghost. Lighting parameters A Flat Surface-Three point lighting. High key, & Low key, Silhouette, the effect of Surface tones, the effect of Make up on Tones, Texture, Importance of Shadows in Lighting , Lighting Styles. Common problems of lighting. Lighting a Person, two or Group, - Lighting Balance, Lighting Continuity, Exposure & Composition, Advantages & Disadvantages of Metering methods, Exposure latitude, Three Point Image Control, Bounce lighting, Diffused lighting, ambient lighting. Directorate of Technical Education Karnataka State 15CN31T Page 3 Course Delivery: The course will be delivered through lectures and presentations, suitable Videos. demonstration hand –in-hand experience, with suitable equipments and accessories Fallowed by sample video screening and panel discussion SUGGESTED LIST OF STUDENT ACTIVITYS Note: the following activities or similar activities for assessing CIE (IA) for 5 marks (Any one) 1. Each student should do any one of the following type activity or any other similar activity related to the course and before conduction, get it approved from concerned Teacher and HOD. 2. Each student should conduct different activity and no repeating should occur 1 Collect the n number(birth of photography to till date) of lenses and behavior of light inside in detail dedicated for motion picture photography 2 Submit a R&D report on photographic lens design and development 3 Visit an industry and submit a report on Types of lamps -exposure control -lighting ratio as per film industry norms MODEL OF RUBRICS FOR ASSESSING STUDENT ACTIVITY Dimensi Scale Students score on (Five students) 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Unsatisfac Developin Satisfactory Good Exemplary tory g 1.Organi Has not Has Has Has Has included 3 sation included included included included all relevant relevant few some many info needed info relevant relevant relevant info info info 2. Fulfill Does not Performs Performs Performs Performs all 2 team’s perform very little partial nearly all duties of roles & any duties duties duties duties assigned duties assigned team roles 3.Conclu Poor Less Partially Summarises Most 5 sion Effective effective but not Effective exact. 4.Conve Frequent More Some Error Occasional No Error 4 nsions Error Error Error Grand Average/Total 14/4 =3.5 ≈4 Directorate of Technical Education Karnataka State 15CN31T Page 4 Note: This is only an example. Appropriate rubrics/criteria may be devised by the concerned faculty (Course Coordinator) for assessing the given activity. Course Assessment and Evaluation Scheme: What To When/Where Max Evidence collected Course outcomes whom (Frequency Marks in the course) CIE* IA Students Three tests 20 Blue books 1-6 (Average of /prints/DVD/DCP/ three tests) SHOWREEL Student 05 PRINTS/DVD/DCP 1-6 Activity /SHOWREEL SEE* End End of the 100 Answer scripts at BTE 1,2,3,4,5,6 Exam course Student Students Middle of the Feedback forms 1, 2,3 Delivery of Feedback on course course course End of Course End of the Questionnaires 1,2,3,4,5,6 Survey course Effectiveness of Delivery of instructions & Assessment Methods Note: I.A. test shall be conducted for 20 marks. Average marks of three tests shall be rounded off to the next higher digit. Note to IA verifier: The following documents to be verified by CIE verifier at the end of semester 1. Blue books ( 20 marks) 2. Student suggested activities report for 5 marks and should be assessed on RUBRICS 3. Student feedback on course regarding Effectiveness of Delivery of instructions & Assessment Methods. FORMAT OF I A TEST QUESTION PAPER (CIE) Test/Date and Time Semester/year Course/Course Code Max Marks Ex: I test/6 th weak of sem I/II SEM 20 10-11 Am Year: Name of Course coordinator : Units:__ CO’s:____ Question Question MARKS CL CO PO no 1 2 3 4 Note: Internal choice may be given in each CO at the same cognitive level (CL).