Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19041-2 — Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages Edited by Hyun Jin Kim , Frederik Juliaan Vervaet , Selim Ferruh Adalı Index More Information 318 Index Abdi- Milkūti, 68 Allberry, C., 186 Abdoullaev, K.A., 301 allies, 24 , 70 , 86 , 96 , 101 , 207 Abramova, M.P., 228 Alps, 231 , 243 Abundant Dew of the Spring- and- Autumn Altai, 251 Annals, 127 – 8 Alyattes, 74 acculturation, 8 – 9 Amaravati, 266 Achaemenids, 9 , 192 , 276 , 286 , 297 , 304 , 317 Amartuvshin, C., 304 capitals, 305 ambassadors, Roman, 19 – 21 ad metallum , 135 , 144 , 146 Ambrones, 99 , 100 administration, 38 , 52 , 53 , 161 , 305 – 6 Amirabad culture, 279t. 11.1 administrative hierarchy, 19 , 64 Ammianus Marcellinus, 16 – 17 , 190 Afghanistan, 179 , 227 , 251 , 257 , 259 , Amu Darya delta, 275 – 6 , 278 262 – 3 , 265 – 6 amulets, 187 , 222 , 232 , 236 Afranius, L., 104 Analects, 111 , 124 , 161 Afrasiab, 299 – 301 ; see also Samarkand Anastasius, Emperor, 177 Afrighid period, 279t. 11.1 , 296 Anatolia, 60 – 1 , 62 – 3 , 64 – 5 , 67 , 69 – 76 , 261 a t erlife, 138 , 236 , 267 Central, 63 , 64 – 7 , 72 , 75 Agamemnon, 104 Eastern, 65 – 6 , 74 Agathocles, 267 Western, 70 agrarian slavery, 139 – 41 ancestors, 51 , 92 , 154 , 255 agriculture, 124 , 139 , 142 , 296 , 306 ancient DNA, 213 , 221 irrigation, 37 , 278 , 288 An Lushan rebellion, 36 , 42 , 45 – 6 , 47 agro- pastoral settlement systems, antelopes, 265 275 , 294 – 7 , 298 , 306 Antimachos I, 261 Ahenobarbus, L. Domitius, 104 Antioch, 164 – 6 A šeri, 71 Anxi, 193 , 255 Ai Khanum, 262 – 5 A n Yu a n s h o u , 4 6 Akatziri, 19 – 21 Aphrodite, 167 , 170 , 171 Akchakhan- kala, 275 , 279t. 11.1 , 280 – 9 , Apollo, 260 294 , 305 , 306 Apollodotos II, 254 extra- mural settlement, 288 – 9 Appian, 103 – 5 , 140 site plan, 281f. 11.1 A q u i t a i n e , 2 5 – 6 Upper Enclosure, 287 – 8 Arabs, 181 – 2 , 207 – 10 Alans, 5 , 9 , 25 – 6 , 205 – 45 Arachosia, 255 , 299 burial grounds in northern Caucasus, 228 – 42 Aragvi River, 207 – 8 Caucasian, 205 Aral Sea, 278 , 298 cultures and traditions Aramaic, 174 – 5 , 178 , 183 , 190 , ethnicities and identities, 211 – 13 192 , 195 European, 205 ideograms, 192 – 3 pottery, 240–1 Ararat, 62 Alban Mount, 94 Arausio, 99 , 102 Alexander the Great, 154 – 5 , 165 , 251 , 261 , 266 archaeological culture, 212 , 278 Alexandria, 164 – 6 , 168 Archebios, 254 Alexandrian scholars, 157 , 165 archers, 49 , 73 318 alfalfa, 42 Ardoxsho, 264 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19041-2 — Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages Edited by Hyun Jin Kim , Frederik Juliaan Vervaet , Selim Ferruh Adalı Index More Information 319 Index 319 Area 10 complex, 283 , 286 – 8 ; see also Bactrian language, 184 , 253 Akchakhan-kala Baker Brite, E., 296 Argišti II, 66 Ban Gu, 122 Ariadne, 267 Bangfeng, 160 Ariovistus, 101 Bao Xuan, 126 Aristarchus of Samothrace, 164 barley, 98 aristocracy, 22 , 85 , 90 , 110 , 112 , 130 chrysanthemum, 42 honour, 87 , 315 Bartatua, 63 , 69 senatorial, 6 , 86 , 107 Basich, 21 Aristophanes of Byzantium, 164 , 165 Bastam, 66 Aristotle, 165 battles, 34 , 96 , 98 – 100 , 104 – 5 , 111 , 113 , 123 , armies, 34 , 36 , 45 , 95 , 97 , 99 – 100 , 102 – 5 , 165 , 167 106 , 115 – 16 Bavaria, 26 art Bazar- kala, 289 – 93 Buddhist, 259 , 264 , 266 beads, 224 – 5 , 234 Classical, 267 Begram, 259 , 265 Eurasian nomadic, 70 beliefs, 129 , 189 , 211 , 236 Gandhāran, 253 , 259 , 262 , 264 Bennett, C., 253 Hellenistic, 260 – 2 , 267 B e r i k , 2 0 – 1 Tang court, 48 Bernard, P., 263 artefact scatters, 287 – 8 Beslan burial grounds, 229 artefact types, 212 , 224 – 7 , 232 – 6 , 244 Bimaran, 257 Artemis, 260 Binzhou, 54t. 2.3 Arwad, 71 Bithynia, 91 assessment, expedient, 114 – 15 Black Sea, 64 , 205 , 232 Assurbanipal, 63 , 64 , 68 – 71 , 72 – 4 Bleda, 20 Aššur- etel- ilani, 74 Bo grooms, 52 – 3 Assyria, 6 , 60 – 76 , 133 , 313 Bodhisattvas, 264 , 266 allies, 69 , 73 bone chemistry, 230 geopolitical changes, 65 – 75 bones, 221 – 2 , 236 , 244 , 266 territory, 68 , 72 long, 218 – 21 , 242 Assyrian texts, 60 , 65 , 68 bottles, glass, 225 , 237f. 9.11 , 242 , 244 Asyut, 187 Boucharlat, R., 304 – 5 Athena, 167 , 260 – 1 bowls, 236 , 254 Athena Alkidemos, 261 bride price, 47 Athens, 156 , 165 , 168 brides, 169 – 70 Attila, 19 – 21 , 24 , 234 Bronze Age, 207 , 215 , 275 , 306 Auchatae, 64 brothers, 18 , 20 , 24 , 71 , 118 , 162 Augurs, 86 , 93 buckles, 223, 225 , 244 Augustine, 176 , 182 Buddha, 195 , 257 , 262 , 264 , 265 Augustus, 107 , 256 ; see also Octavianus Buddhism, 178 , 181 , 184 , 193 – 5 , 257 , 258 – 60 , Austrasia, 25 264 , 268 Austria, 222 Buddhist art, 259 , 264 , 266 Avars, 23 Bügü, Khan, 182 avengers, 125 – 8 , 129 – 30 Bukhara, 194 Axumites, 174 Bulgars, 20 , 22 , 23 Ayaz- kala, 279t. 11.1 , 289 – 96 Buner, 254 Azes era, 253 bureaucracy, 7 , 18 , 64 , 130 Azes I, 254 – 5 and honour, 116 – 25 Azes II, 255 Burgundy, 25 burials, 125 , 213 – 18 , 225 – 7 , 229 – 30 , 232 , B a b y l o n i a , 6 5 – 6 , 7 1 , 7 2 – 4 236 – 42 , 302 ; see also cemeteries ; Bactria, 179 , 251 – 3 , 256 , 260 , 263 tombs Graeco- Bactrian kingdom, 9 , 251 , 261 , Beslan, 229 263 – 5 , 286 , 316 catacomb, 229 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19041-2 — Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages Edited by Hyun Jin Kim , Frederik Juliaan Vervaet , Selim Ferruh Adalı Index More Information 320 320 Index burials (cont.) Chararic, 24 earthen pit, 225 – 7 , 243 Charaton, 19 horse, 229 , 232 , 239f. 9.13 Charibert II, 26 Hunnic, 234 Charlemagne, 26 pit and jar, 230 chattel slavery, 144 , 147 Byzantium, 164 , 165 , 210 Chegem, 229 Chen Zhi, 158 Caepio, Q. Servilius, 100 , 102 chief herdsmen, 38 – 9 Caesar, Iulius, 90 – 1 , 101 – 2 , 103 – 5 chief ministers, 37 , 42 , 45 , 49 – 51 Caesar Octavianus, see Octavianus Childeric, 24 Cambrai, 24 children, 121 – 2 , 134 – 6 camels, 37 , 285 – 6 , 292t. 11.2 , 295 – 6 China, 2 – 6 , 7 – 8 , 135 – 7 , 174 – 5 , 180 – 2 , 184 , canals, 288 – 9 , 295 , 298 , 306 193 – 4 , 195 – 6 , 313 – 16 water supply, 275 , 288 – 9 , 294 early, 1 – 2 , 110 , 133 – 6 , 139 , 142 – 4 , 146 – 7 Cannae, 93 forced labor, see forced labor Canon of Songs, see Shi Jing and Rome, 174 , 196 , 314 Cao Tuoniao, 52 slavery, 138 capitals, 9 , 37 , 40 , 65 , 67 , 259 , 260 , 301 , 304 – 5 S u i , 4 2 nomad, 301 , 305 – 6 Tang, 8 , 180 – 1 , 316 political, 275 , 303 – 5 China- Inner Asia borderlands, 34 – 7 , 47 , 53 Capitoline Hill, 94 , 105 Chinese, 5 , 7 , 37 , 42 , 52 – 3 , 181 – 3 , 184 – 5 , Cappadocia, 63 193 – 6 , 315 captives, war, 135 – 6 , 143 , 145 Chinese annals, 251 , 255 , 301 Caracalla, Emperor, 196 Chinese slaves, 141 Carbo, Cn. Papirius, 100 Chirik- rabat culture, 298 – 9 careers, 21 , 49 – 50 , 93 – 4 , 123 Chlotar I, II, 26 Carolingians, 23 , 26 Chorasmia, 275 Carpathian basin, 231 Chotcho, 182 Carthage, 176 Christianity, 28 , 176 , 178 , 182 , 190 – 1 , 214 – 15 Caspian, 183 , 205 , 230 chrysanthemum barley, 42 Cassius Dio, 102 Chuyue, 47 catacombs, 229 , 231 , 242 Cicero, 88 T- shaped, 230 Cilicia, 63 , 66 , 68 , 72 cataphracti, 261 – 2 Plain, 65 , 68 C a t i a r i , 6 4 Rough, 63 , 68 , 71 – 2 Cato, M. Porcius, 104 Cilician Gates, 68 cattle, 37 , 46 , 54t. 2.3 , 139 , 299 – 301 Cimbri, 99 , 102 Caucasian Alans, see A l a n s Cimmerians, 5 , 60 – 73 , 75 – 6 , 314 Caucasus, 9 , 60 , 205 – 10 , 227 , 230 , 232 , 236 , Anatolian, 63 243 – 4 , 316 city- lords, 64 northern, 206 – 8 , 225 – 6 , 228 – 42 , 244 horse- archers, 75 southern, 205 – 45 kings, 63 , 65 , 70 cemeteries, 207 , 221 , 227 , 229 , 232 , 242 – 3 , 303 ; as nomadic power, 61 – 5 see also burials cist tombs, stone, 215 – 21 , 225 – 8 , 238f. Central Anatolia, 63 , 64 – 7 , 72 , 75 9.12 , 243 – 4 Central Asia, 51 , 60 , 177 , 178 – 9 , 181 – 2 , 184 , civil service, 176 193 , 195 , 243 civil wars, 42 , 50 , 74 , 86 , 101 , 103 – 5 , 129 , 140 enclosure sites, 299 – 301 Claudius, Emperor, 93 centurions, 98 , 101 , 178 clay sarcophagi, 215 – 17 , 238f. 9.12 ceramic tiles, 216 , 218 C l o v i s , 2 4 – 5 ceremonies, 94 , 285 – 7 , 306 CMC ( Codex Manichaicus Coloniensis ), 187 Chang, C., 277 coins, 74 , 236 , 251 , 255 – 61 Chang’an, 40 , 46 , 145 , 174 , 181 Indo- Greek, 264 , 267 Changyang shi, 41t. 2.1 of Kujula Kadphises, 265 Chanyu, see Shanyu (Chanyu) obverses, 256 , 261 , 267 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19041-2 — Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages Edited by Hyun Jin Kim , Frederik Juliaan Vervaet , Selim Ferruh Adalı Index More Information 321 Index 321 posthumous Hermaios, 255 Dagestan, 230 , 243 reverses, 256 , 261 , 267 Dagobert I, 26 of Soter Megas, 257 Dakhleh Oasis Project (DOP), 187 Collatinus, L. Tarquinius, 90 dams, 145 columned hall, 283 – 4 Danube, 20 command structure, 19 , 22 daughters, 88 – 90 , 141 , 167 commanders, 64 , 70 , 91 , 95 – 7 , 104 , 115 Decemvirs, 90 multi- lingual, 190 Demetrios I, 261 , 265 supreme, 105 , 106 Demetrius of Phalerum, 156 commanders- in- chief, 91 , 101 , 104 – 5 Dengizich, 20 common people, 44 , 112 – 13 , 117 – 20 , desert, 275 , 298 124 , 139 – 40 development, economic, 8 , 134 , 144 , 147 – 8 common soldiers, 115 – 16 devotion, 121 – 2 , 125 , 129 , 258 companions, 266 – 7 dignity, 85 , 88 , 105 Compendium of the Doctrine of Mani , 180 , Dīnāwarīya , 179 , 195 185 , 194 Diocletian, 26 , 175 , 190 , 195 condemned criminals, 134 – 6 Diodotos, 261 Confucian classics, 50 , 161 – 2 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 87 Confucians, 119 , 125 , 161 – 2 Dionysos, 260 , 266 – 8 Confucius, 112 , 115 , 153 , 154 , 162 Discovery Project Outstanding Award, 194 conscripts, 144 – 6 , 147 disgrace, 98 , 102 , 117 , 119 , 127 , 128 – 9 Constantine, Emperor 176 , 190 ditches, 98 , 100 , 280 , 287 , 302 Constantinople, 21 , 165 DNA, ancient, 213 , 221 consuls, 91 , 96 – 7 , 102 , 106 Dobson, W.A.C.H., 158 consulships, 89 , 92 – 3 , 100 Dong Zhongshu, 124 , 127 – 8 control, 17 , 66 , 68 , 74 , 75 , 253 , 263 , 304 , 306 DOP (Dakhleh Oasis Project), 187 convict labor, 144 , 145 – 7 dromos , 229 , 231 , 239f.