Systematics, Phylogeography and Conservation of Arthropods in the Madrean Sky Island Region Wendy Moore, PhD Associate Professor, Insect Systematics Curator, UA Insect Collection Department of Entomology University of Arizona Kingdom Animalia.................................1,327,047 species Arthropods.............................................1,139,120 species 85% of all animal species all other animal species Arthropods 15% 85 Arthropods % University of Arizona Insect Collection (UAIC) ER V .%6!$! I DO 2 ORA #OL , I TT E LE D N # A #!,)&/2.)! 6 O R E LO ' RD R A O R E D ¤ E 2 O V I 2 2 I V E IV 2 R ER 0RESCOTT s O !2):/.! .%7 Our mission is to build and D A R O 2 L O O -%8)#/ 2 SC # T I 3ALTON 3AL IV C ER N 3EA 0HOENIX A R s & maintain the world’s best R N VE A I 3 3 2 AN 3 ' 3AN$IEGO ILA T A I ' A N LA s # 2IV s RU 0 ER s 4IJUANA 9UMA Z E 2 D I R source of arthropod specimens 5 V O . 4U C S O N ) 4 E % $ R s 2 - 3 %NSENADA % 4! 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E T % , , R E . ) U ,ORETO & 3ONORAN$ESERT & ) 4 s ! / & ¤O 2 , /AK7OODLAND0INE&OREST 2 / . 2 ) #HIHUAHUAN$ESERT 3 / ! . ) $52!.'/ # 3 ) 'REAT"ASIN$ESERT . % 5 ! 2 ! 4HORNSCRUB ! . , / ,A0AZs #HAPARRAL#OASTAL3CRUB ! 4ROPICAL$ECIDUOUS&OREST -AZATLÉN s 'RASSLANDS -),%3 #ABO3AN,UCAS +),/-%4%23 h"p://www.UAInsectCollec3on.com/ Collections in Support of Biological Research (DBI-1203398) “Critical Renovation and Revitalization of the University of Arizona Insect Collection” Newly renovated UAIC 2012-13 Renovation Declared Extinct 10 of those specimens belong to a beetle species, Heterelmis stephani (Stephan’s riffle beetle) UAIC riffle beetle collection The beetle lived in two springs in Madera Canyon, a habitat the Center for Biological Diversity said was degraded by livestock grazing, spring water piping and hiking trails. Declared Extinct 10 of those specimens belong to a beetle species, Heterelmis stephani (Stephan’s riffle beetle) PARATYPE Photos by James Robertson UAIC1098458 The beetle lived in two springs in Madera Canyon, a habitat the Center for Biological Diversity said was degraded by livestock grazing, spring water piping and hiking trails. In: Merging science and management in a rapidly changing world: Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago III; 2012 May 1-5; Tucson, AZ. Proceedings. RMRS-P-67. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Moore et al 2013 Madrean Sky Island Region 65 mountain ranges Formed during the Tucson Miocene, 15-6 MYA as part of the the Basin-and-Range Extensional Provence. Santa Catalina Mountains 9157 ft 10000 ft 9000 ft 8000 ft North Facing South Facing 7000 ft Slopes Slopes 6000 ft 5000 ft 4000 ft 3000 ft Basin/Valley 2000 ft Brusca and Moore 2013 What arthropods inhabit Arizona’s Sky Islands? How are these species distributed within the region? What are their biogeographic affiliations? Have arthropods diversified or radiated within the region? Are there repeated phylogeographic patterns? 2013 to present Santa Catalina Mountains Desertscrub Oak-Grassland Chaparral Pine-Oak Woodland Pine Forest Mixed Conifer Forest Oak Woodland Desert Grassland Desert Grassland Grazing Disturbed 10 pitfall traps were arranged 10 m apart along each 100 m transect line Undergraduate Research ASAP Coleoptera Collection ASAP Coleoptera Collection Gene Hall Univ. of Arizona Carl Olson Univ. of Arizona Jason Schaller Univ. of Arizona James Robertson Univ. of Arizona Nico Franz Arizona State University Aaron Smith Arizona State University Alaudes n. sp. ? Kim Franklin, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Paul Marek, Virginia Tech Carl Olson, UA Insect Collection Garrett Hughes, University of Arizona Warren Savary, Tucson, Arizona Sandy Brantley, University of New Mexico Soil Dwelling Arthropod Communities in the Santa Catalina Mountains Mixed Conifer Pine Pine/Oak Oak Woodlands Chaparral Grasslands Desert Scrub ANOSIM Results: Mixed Conifer ≠ Pine ≠ Pine/Oak ≠ Chaparral ≠ Grassland ≠ Desert Scrub Meyer et al 2015 PLoSOne Arizona Sky Island Arthropods Research Questions Systematics, biogeography, and ecology of ground-dwelling arthropods 1. What arthropods inhabit Arizona’s Sky Islands? How are these species distributed within the region? What are the biogeographic affiliations? 2. Have arthropods diversified or radiated within the Sky Island Region? If so, are there repeated phylogeographic patterns? Madrean Sky Island Region Temperate Biota 65 mountain ranges Formed during the Miocene, 15-6 MYA as part of the Basin-and-Range Sonoran Chihuahuan Extensional Provence. Desert Desert Biodiversity hotspot: one of the most biologically rich Tropical Biota regions in the United States Scaphinotus petersi 6 subspecies of Scaphinotus petersi Pinals Piñalenos Scaphinotus petersi petersi Scaphinotus petersi grahami Catalinas Rincons Chiricahuas Santa Ritas Huachucas Scaphinotus petersi catalinae Scaphinotus petersi corvus Ball 1966 Scaphinotus petersi Scaphinotus petersi kathleenae biedermani Have other arthropods diversified within this region? “Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN): A model for collections digitization to promote taxonomic and ecological research” Advancing Digitization of Biological Research Collections Neil Cobb (Northern Arizona University), Boris C Kondratieff (Colorado State University), Charles S. Bundy (Regents of New Mexico State University), Frank Krell (Denver Museum of Nature and Science), James C. Cokendolper (Texas Tech University), John D. Oswald (Texas AgriLife Research), M. Deane Bowers (University of Colorado), Nico Franz (Arizona State University), Wendy Moore (University of Arizona) 2013 - present “Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN): A model for collections digitization to promote taxonomic and ecological research” Digized to date: Carabidae Tenebrionidae Scarabaeidae Scolynae Platypodinae Formicidae Orthoptera Isoptera research voucher Gene Hall, UAIC Collections Manager specimens Advancing Digitization of Biological Research Collections Neil Cobb (Northern Arizona University), Boris C Kondratieff (Colorado State University), Charles S. Bundy (Regents of New Mexico State University), Frank Krell (Denver Museum of Nature and Science), James C. Cokendolper (Texas Tech University), John D. Oswald (Texas AgriLife Research), M. Deane Bowers (University of Colorado), Nico Franz (Arizona State University), Wendy Moore (University of Arizona) 2013 - present “Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN): A model for collections digitization to promote taxonomic and ecological research” Advancing Digitization of Biological Research Collections Neil Cobb (Northern Arizona University), Boris C Kondratieff (Colorado State University), Charles S. Bundy (Regents of New Mexico State University), Frank Krell (Denver Museum of Nature and Science), James C. Cokendolper (Texas Tech University), John D. Oswald (Texas AgriLife Research), M. Deane Bowers (University of Colorado), Nico Franz (Arizona State University), Wendy Moore (University of Arizona) 2013 - present S. impunctatus S. dubius S. semirufus Alan Yanahan PhD Student Synuchus S. impunctatus S. dubius S. semirufus Unlike Scaphinotus petersi, Synuchus dubius is not endemic to Synuchus dubius the Madrean Sky Island region. Utah Colorado Arizona New Mexico Gene: COI Maximum Likelihood Tree RAxML S. semirufus Synuchus dubius Utah Colorado Arizona New Mexico Gene: COI Maximum Likelihood Tree RAxML S. semirufus Antonio Gomez Master’s Student Rhadine approximately 30 species Genes: COI, 28S, CAD Maximum Likelihood Tree RAxML Garrett Hughes PhD Candidate flightless (non-phoretic) pseudoscorpions flightless (non- photo 100 Genes: COI and 28S Maximum Likelihood Tree RAxML John Palting PhD student Lichen moths Crambidia spp. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) Arizona Sky Island Arthropods Research Questions Systematics, biogeography, and ecology of ground-dwelling arthropods 1. What arthropods inhabit Arizona’s Sky Islands? How are these species distributed within the region? What are the biogeographic affiliations? 2. Have arthropods diversified or radiated within the Sky Island Region? If so, are there repeated phylogeographic patterns? VISITING SYSTEMATIST PROGRAM Supported by an endowment from the Schlinger Founda0on Award is intended to help offset expenses for vising systemasts to work in the UAIC on their specialty group Enhance knowledge of their group in the Sonoran Desert Region and enhance the curatorial state of the specimens and associated digital data. Amount: Annual awards up to $25,000. VISITING SYSTEMATIST PROGRAM Dr. Michael Sharkey Dr. Terry Erwin Dr. Tom Atkinson University of Kentucky Smithsonian Dr. Robert Anderson University of Texas Canadian Museum of Nature Braconid Wasps Ground Beetles Ambrosia Beetles 2013-2014 2014-2015 Weevils 2015-2016 Coming soon! ANCIENT DNA LAB Coming soon! Next Generation sequencing technology Acknowledgements Collaborators: Undergraduate Students: Postdoctoral Fellows: Gene Hall Reilly McManus James Robertson Kim Franklin Emmanuel Bernal Marty Meyer John Wiens Emily Hall Jeff Eble Ryan McInroy Rick Brusca Jeff Henkel Graduate Students: Sandy Brantley Chelsea Powers Reilly McManus Aaron Smith Carol Tepper Garrett Hughes Warren Savary Chris McGinnis Jason Schaller Carl Olson Shawna Rogers Antonio Gomez Eryn Wuori John Palting Heeya Ju Alan Yanahan Kayla Jones Rebecca Compoy Perming: Gabe Oropeza Don Swan- Saguaro Naonal Park US Forest Service Special Use Permit # SAN0287 .