SUBFAMILY Otothyrinae Schaefer 1991 - small mailed catfishes GENUS Corumbataia Britski, 1997 - armored catfishes [=Corumbataia Britski [H. A.], 1997:233] Notes: [ref. 24174]. Fem. Corumbataia cuestae Britski, 1997. Type by original designation. •Valid as Corumbataia Britski, 1997 – (Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:322 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Ribeiro 2007:59 [ref. 28908], Ferraris 2007:232 [ref. 29155], Carvalho 2008:552 [ref. 29798]). Current status: Valid as Corumbataia Britski, 1997. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Species Corumbataia britskii Ferreira & Ribeiro, 2007 - Sucuriu armored catfish (author) [=Corumbataia britskii Ferreira [K. M.] & Ribeiro [A. C.], 2007:60, Figs. 1, 3A, 4A, 5A] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 1386; ref. 28908] Chapadão Pedra Azul, 19°12'15"S, 52°43'55"W, Rio Sucuriú, upper Rio Paraná basin, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Corumbataia britskii Ferreira & Ribeiro, 2007. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Corumbataia cuestae Britski, 1997 - Corumbatai armored catfish (author) [=Corumbataia cuestae Britski [H. A.], 1997:234, Figs. 3, 5-6] Notes: [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo v. 40 (no. 15); ref. 24174] Rio Corumbataí, Cachoeira de Analândia, São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Corumbataia cuestae Britski, 1997. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Tietê River basin, upper Paraná river basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Corumbataia tocantinensis Britski, 1997 - Vermelho armored catfish (author) [=Corumbataia tocantinensis Britski [H. A.], 1997:237, Fig. 4] Notes: [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo v. 40 (no. 15); ref. 24174] Vermelho River, Goiás State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Corumbataia tocantinensis Britski, 1997. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Araguaia and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Corumbataia veadeiros Carvalho, 2008 - Goias armored catfish (author) [=Corumbataia veadeiros Carvalho [T. P.], 2008:552, Fig. 1, 2B, 3] Notes: [Copeia 2008 (no. 3); ref. 29798] Teresina de Goiás, creek at highway GO-241, Kilometer 2, tributary of Ribeirão dos Bois, tributary of Río Paranã, Rio Tocantins basin, 13°47'39"S, 47°17'28"W, Goiás State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Corumbataia veadeiros Carvalho, 2008. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Tributaries of the Paraná River, Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Curculionichthys Roxo et al., 2015 - small mailed catfishes [=Curculionichthys Roxo [F. F.], Silva [G. S. C.], Ochoa [L. E.] & Oliveira [C.], 2015:105] Notes: [ref. 34024]. Hisonotus insperatus Britski & Garavello, 2003. Type by original designation. •Valid as Curculionichthys Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015 -- (Silva et al. 2016:281 [ref. 34828]). Current status: Valid as Curculionichthys Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015. Loricariidae: Otothyrinae. Species Curculionichthys coxipone Roxo et al., 2015 - Cuiaba small mailed catfish (author) [=Curculionichthys coxipone Roxo [F. F.], Silva [G. S. C.], Ochoa [L. E.] & Oliveira [C.], 2015:117, Figs. 4B, 5D, 9-10] Notes: [ZooKeys No. 534; ref. 34024] Municipality of Cuiabá, tributary of. Rio Aricá Mirim, Rio Cuiabá drainage, Rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 15°46'03"S, 55°30'44"W. Current status: Valid as Curculionichthys coxipone Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015. Loricariidae: Otothyrinae. Distribution: Rio Cuiabá dranage, Rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Curculionichthys insperatus (Britski & Garavello, 2003) - Capivara small mailed catfish (author) [=Hisonotus insperatus Britski [H. A.] & Garavello [J. C.], 2003:588, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 2003 (no. 3); ref. 27131] Rio Capivara, Rio Tietê drainage, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curculionichthys insperatus (Britski & Garavello, 2003). Loricariidae: Otothyrinae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Curculionichthys karipuna Silva et al., 2016 - Cassipore small mailed catfish (author) [=Curculionichthys karipuna Silva [G. S. C.], Roxo [F. F.], Melo [B. F.] & Oliveira [C.], 2016:282, Figs. 1, 2A, 3C, 4B, 5] Notes: [Zootaxa 4175 (no. 3); ref. 34828] Rio Cassiporé, Atlantic coastal river, small stream under the bridge of the road BR-156 at Campo Alegre farm, municipality of Oiapoque, state of Amapá, Brazil, 3°04'49.7"N, 51°28'50.7"W. Current status: Valid as Curculionichthys karipuna Silva, Roxo, Melo & Oliveira, 2016. Loricariidae: Otothyrinae. Distribution: Northern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Curculionichthys luteofrenatus (Britski & Garavello, 2007) - Sinop small mailed catfish (author) [=Hisonotus luteofrenatus Britski [H. A.] & Garavello [J. C.], 2007:416, Fig. 2] Notes: [Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 67 (no. 3); ref. 29429] Sinop, Riacho Loanda, tributary of Rio Teles Pires, about 54 kilometers north of Sinop on BR-163 road to Santarém 11°25'S, 55°21'W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curculionichthys luteofrenatus (Britski & Garavello, 2007). Loricariidae: Otothyrinae. Distribution: Upper Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Curculionichthys oliveirai (Roxo et al., 2014) - Parana small mailed catfish (author) [=Hisonotus oliveirai Roxo [F. F.], Zawadzki [C. H.] & Troy [W. P.], 2014:59, Figs. 2D, 4E, 5E.] Notes: [ZooKeys No. 395; ref. 33252] Paraná State, boundry between municipalities of Cambira and Apucarana, ribeirão Cambira, affluent of rio Ivaí, upper rio Pananá basin, 23°38'54"S, 51°29"58"W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curculionichthys oliveirai (Roxo, Zawadzki & Troy, 2014). Loricariidae: Otothyrinae. Distribution: Paraná State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Curculionichthys paresi (Roxo et al., 2014) - Mato Grosso small mailed catfish (author) [=Hisonotus paresi Roxo [F. F.], Zawadzki [C. H.] & Troy [W. P.], 2014:66, Figs. 2C-D, 4A,E, 6, 7] Notes: [ZooKeys No. 395; ref. 33252] Mato Grosso State, municipality of Santo Áfonso, riacho Claras Aguas Clarius, affluent of rio Sepotuba, rio Paraguay basin, 14°21'03"S, 57°33'07"W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curculionichthys paresi (Roxo, Zawadzki & Troy, 2014). Loricariidae: Otothyrinae. Distribution: Rio Sepotuba, upper rio Paraguay, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Curculionichthys piracanjuba (Martins & Langeani, 2012) - Paranaiba small mailed catfish (author) [=Hisonotus piracanjuba Martins [F. de O.] & Langeani [F.], 2012:30, Figs. 1, 2a] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 32060] Rio Paranaíba basin; unnamed stream tributary of rio Piracanjuba at GO-213 road from Morrinhos to Rio Quenta, right after the access to Água Limpa, upper rio Paraná system, 17°43'23"S, 48°57'47"W, Marcelândia County, Goiás State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curculionichthys piracanjuba (Martins & Langeani, 2012). Loricariidae: Otothyrinae. Distribution: Headwaters of the rio Paranaíba, upper rio Paraná system, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Curculionichthys sabaji Roxo et al., 2015 - Altamira small mailed catfish (author) [=Curculionichthys sabaji Roxo [F. F.], Silva [G. S. C.], Ochoa [L. E.] & Oliveira [C.], 2015:108, Figs. 2G, 3, 4A, 5A, 7] Notes: [ZooKeys No. 534; ref. 34024] Municipality of Altamira, Rio 13 de Maio, Rio Curuá, Rio Iriri drainage, Pará, Brazil, 8°43'41"S, 55°01'38"W. Current status: Valid as Curculionichthys sabaji Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015. Loricariidae: Otothyrinae. Distribution: Rio Xingu basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Curculionichthys sagarana Roxo et al., 2015 - Santo Hipolito small mailed catfish (author) [=Curculionichthys sagarana Roxo [F. F.], Silva [G. S. C.], Ochoa [L. E.] & Oliveira [C.], 2015:121, Figs. 2H, 4D, 5C, 6, 11-12.] Notes: [ZooKeys No. 534; ref. 34024] Municipality of Santo Hipólito, Rio Pardo Grande, Rio das Velhas drainage, Rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 18°13'43"S, 44°13'03"W. Current status: Valid as Curculionichthys sagarana Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015. Loricariidae: Otothyrinae. Distribution: Rio das Velhas drainage, Rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Epactionotus Reis & Schaefer, 1998 - armored catfishes [=Epactionotus Reis [R. E.] & Schaefer [S. A.], 1998:4] Notes: [ref. 23691]. Masc. Epactionotus bilineatus Reis & Schaefer, 1998. Type by original designation. •Valid as Epactionotus Leis & Schaefer, 1998 -- (Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:322 [ref. 27061], Azpelicueta et al. 2004:89 [ref. 28029], Ferraris 2007:235 [ref. 29155],, Martins & Langeani 2011:66 [ref. 31235], Reis et al. 2012:10 [ref. 31863]). Current status: Valid as Epactionotus Reis & Schaefer, 1998. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Species Epactionotus bilineatus Reis & Schaefer, 1998 - Maquine armored catfish (author) [=Epactionotus bilineatus Reis [R. E.] & Schaefer [S. A.], 1998:5, Fig. 3] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 3254; ref. 23691] Mouth of arroio do Ouro, which flows into rio Maquiné, between Barra do Ouro and Maquiné, 29°35'S, 50°17'W, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Epactionotus bilineatus Reis & Schaefer, 1998. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Maquiné and Três Forquilhas River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Epactionotus gracilis Reis & Schaefer, 1998 - Nova Veneza armored catfish (author) [=Epactionotus gracilis Reis [R. E.] & Schaefer [S. A.], 1998:12, Fig. 6] Notes: [American Museum Novitates