PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Editor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu ALTUNTAŞ PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE EDITOR: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu ALTUNTAŞ AUTHORS: Prof. Dr. Bahar TÜRKYILMAZ Assist. Prof. Dr. Mustafa ERGEN Prof. Dr. Bahriye GÜLGÜN Assist. Prof. Dr. Pınar BOSTAN Prof. Dr. Murat Ertuğrul YAZGAN Assist. Prof. Dr. Zeynep Rabiye Prof. Dr. Namık Kemal SÖNMEZ ARDAHANLIOĞLU Prof. Dr. Şevket ALP Lecturer Nihat KARAKUŞ Prof. Dr. Veli ORTAÇEŞME Dr. Gökhan BALIK Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmet BENLİAY Dr. Pelin ŞAHİN KÖRMEÇLİ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu ALTUNTAŞ Research Assistant Selin TEMİZEL Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail ÇINAR Agricultural Engineer Mesut ÇOŞLU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kübra YAZİCİ Azad AHMED Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rifat OLGUN Karzan ABDULAZEEZ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serdar SELİM Laween HASHIM Assist. Prof. Dr. Betül TÜLEK Mahmood I. ALBRIFKANY Assist. Prof. Dr. Ceren SELİM Sardar M. SALIH Assist. Prof. Dr. Merve ERSOY MİRİCİ Selin ERDOĞAN Copyright © 2021 by iksad publishing house All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Institution of Economic Development and Social Researches Publications® (The Licence Number of Publicator: 2014/31220) TURKEY TR: +90 342 606 06 75 USA: +1 631 685 0 853 E mail: [email protected] www.iksadyayinevi.com It is responsibility of the author to abide by the publishing ethics rules. Iksad Publications – 2021© ISBN: 978-625-7636-65-0 Cover Design: Arzu ALTUNTAŞ May / 2021 Ankara / Turkey Size = 16x24 cm CONTENTS PREFACE Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu ALTUNTAŞ…………………………………………1 . CHAPTER 1 EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE AND LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN MANAVGAT SUB- BASIN Agricultural Engineer Mesut ÇOŞLU, Lecturer Nihat KARAKUŞ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serdar SELİM, Prof. Dr. Namık Kemal SÖNMEZ……..…3 . CHAPTER 2 SMART CITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Assist. Prof. Dr. Betül TÜLEK, Selin ERDOĞAN………………………...36 . CHAPTER 3 LANDSCAPE QUALITY OBJECTIVES IN TERMS OF URBAN IDENTITY: THE CASE OF ANTALYA AKSU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu ALTUNTAŞ, Prof. Dr. Veli ORTAÇEŞME…….…56 . CHAPTER 4 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR INCLUSIVE PUBLIC SPACES IN NEIGHBORHOOD Dr. Pelin ŞAHİN KÖRMEÇLİ……………………………………………..78 . CHAPTER 5 SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY TO URBAN GREEN SPACES WITHIN THE SCOPE OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION; CASE OF SERİK, ANTALYA Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rifat OLGUN, Assist. Prof. Dr. Ceren SELİM………....100 . CHAPTER 6 USE OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS IN SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND EXAMPLES OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Research Assistant Selin TEMİZEL, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kübra YAZİCİ Prof. Dr. Bahriye GÜLGÜN………………………………………………122 . CHAPTER 7 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE: ENERGY FORESTS Prof. Dr. Murat Ertuğrul YAZGAN………………………………………148 . CHAPTER 8 DETERMINATION OF LAND USE CHANGES WITH OBIA METHOD AND SENTINEL IMAGES: MANAVGAT- GREENHOUSES SAMPLE Agricultural Engineer Mesut ÇOŞLU, Prof. Dr. Namık Kemal SÖNMEZ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serdar SELİM…………………………………………...166 . CHAPTER 9 THE SCENARIO BASED LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR LAKE GALA NATIONAL PARK Dr. Gökhan BALIK, Prof. Dr. Bahar TÜRKYILMAZ.…………….…….188 . CHAPTER 10 COMPARISON OF BIOCLIMATIC COMFORT CONDITIONS OF URBAN, SUBURBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail ÇINAR, Lecturer Nihat KARAKUŞ....………….221 . CHAPTER 11 EVALUATION OF THERMAL COMFORT IN CAMPUS DESIGNS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF OPEN AND GREEN AREAS Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu ALTUNTAŞ, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmet BENLİAY..240 . CHAPTER 12 EVALUATION OF THE BIOCLIMATIC COMFORT OF THE GREEN AREAS IN FETHİYE CITY CENTER Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail ÇINAR, Assist. Prof. Dr. Zeynep Rabiye ARDAHANLIOĞLU, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rifat OLGUN…...……………...266 . CHAPTER 13 EXIGENCE OF GREEN SPACE DESIGN IN CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT PLAN: TOKAT URBAN PROTECTED AREA Assist Prof. Dr. Mustafa ERGEN…………………………………………290 . CHAPTER 14 SPATIAL PLANNING, LANDSCAPE AND CLIMATE JUSTICE IN TURKEY Assist. Prof. Dr. Merve ERSOY MİRİCİ…………………………………303 . CHAPTER 15 ADAPTIVE REUSE OF OSMAN SHAH MOSQUE IN TRIKALA THROUGH THE LANDSCAPE DESIGN Mahmood I. ALBRIFKANY, Laween HASHIM, Assist. Prof. Dr. Pınar BOSTAN, Prof. Dr. Şevket ALP, Sardar M. SALIH, Karzan ABDULAZEEZ, Azad AHMED…………….333 . CHAPTER 16 BENEFIT FROM VEGETATION IN HIGHWAY PLANNING AND LANDSCAPE ENGINEERING Prof. Dr. Murat Ertuğrul YAZGAN………………………………………358 PREFACE Landscape Architecture is a professional discipline that creates spaces by creating a harmonious intersection with natural, cultural and social factors in line with ecological, functional, aesthetic and economic goals. It aims to guide the effects and interactions between landscape and human in the right way within the balance of protection / use by keeping sustainability at the forefront in the protection of natural resources. Landscape architecture should not be considered as an art only with aesthetic concerns or as a science with only functional purposes. From this point of view, it is inevitable for landscape architects to use different working methods in achieving the goals and objectives required by the profession and to consider the profession from different angles. Landscape architecture is an art and science branch with different approaches such as planning, design, management and engineering. This book contains invaluable studies containing information about the planning, design and management aspects of landscape architecture. I would like to thank the authors who contributed to this study with their chapter articles and made us use of their valuable ideas and research. I would also like to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Seyithan SEYDOŞOĞLU and IKSAD Publishing staff for their support and knowledge during the formation and publication stages of the book. I hope the book will be useful for the scientific world and anyone interested in landscape architecture. Sincerely yours Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu ALTUNTAŞ May, 2021 1 2 PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGMENT IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE CHAPTER 1 EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE AND LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN MANAVGAT SUB-BASIN Agricultural Engineer Mesut ÇOŞLU 1* Lecturer Nihat KARAKUŞ 2 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serdar SELİM 3 Prof. Dr. Namık Kemal SÖNMEZ 4 1* Akdeniz University, Remote Sensing Application and Research Centre, Antalya, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3952-6563 2 Akdeniz University, Vocational School of Serik Gülsün-Süleyman Süral, Department of Park and Horticulture, Antalya, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6924-1879 3 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Space Science and Technologies, Antalya, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5631-6253 4 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Space Science and Technologies, Antalya, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000- 0001-6882-0599 3 4 PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGMENT IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION Climate change, rapid population growth, unplanned structuring, unconscious use of natural resources, changes in the quality and quantity of water resources have determined environmental problems on a global scale as the most important agenda of the world (Singh and Singh, 2017). Agricultural industrialization, the construction of agricultural lands, the construction of large transportation networks without considering the natural and cultural structure cause serious degradation in natural and cultural landscapes (Baude et al., 2019), significant losses in habitats (Fardila et al., 2017), and the ecological structure of water basins is changing, ecological habitats are destroyed and fragmented, especially as a result of anthropogenic factors (Nathaniel et al., 2021). Land cover in urban and rural landscapes is changing with an increasing acceleration, and the ecological structure of water basins is deteriorating (Nendel et al., 2018). Bring this change under control within the scope of ensuring the continuity of ecological systems, reducing the pressure on nature, ensuring the sustainability of urban and rural landscapes is only possible by planning, protecting and managing these environments with an integrated approach. In particular, the protection and sustainability of water resources, which are essential for life, are of great importance for future generations. The negative changes that occur in water basins due to global climate change and temperature increases force countries to adopt approaches towards the protection of water basins (Wang et al., 2018). Watershed- based studies on water resources in Turkey has accelerated since the 5 1930s. The main objectives of those times were engineering studies within the scope of developing water resources to meet vital needs and preventing damages caused by water floods (Selim and Kaplan, 2016). In the following period, it is aimed to stop the natural resources and environmental degradation process ongoing for years in 25 sub- catchment basins in Turkey. In addition, it is aimed to determine and implement the 'integrated' natural resource management framework and strategy in order to protect flora and fauna, control ecosystem integrity, and increase the welfare level of the population living in the basin. (Selim, 2015). However, during the period until the