IDENTIFICATION OF SIX ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE USED BY THIRD GRADE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF BETHANY SCHOOL IN REWRITING THE STORY OF RAWA PENING THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Ronny Sahputra Sihombing 112007205 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY SALATIGA 2013 i IDENTIFICATION OF SIX ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE USED BY THIRD GRADE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF BETHANY SCHOOL IN REWRITING THE STORY OF RAWA PENING THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Ronny Sahputra Sihombing 112007205 Approved by : Victoria Usadya Palupi, MA-ELT Debora Tri Ragawati, S.S., MA-ELT Supervisor Examiner i COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any course or accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text. Copyright@ 2013. Ronny Sahputra Sihombing and Victoria Usadya Palupi, M.A. All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the English Department, Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana University, Salatiga. Ronny Sahputra Sihombing : ii PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION As a member of the (SWCU) Satya Wacana Christian University academic community, I verify that: Name : Ronny Sahputra Sihombing Student ID Number : 112007205 Study Program : English Department Faculty : Language and Literature Kind of Work : Undergraduate Thesis In developing my knowledge, I agree to provide SWCU with a non-exclusive royalty free right for my intellectual property and the contents therein entitled: IDENTIFICATION OF SIX ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE USED BY THIRD GRADE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF BETHANY SCHOOL IN REWRITING THE STORY OF RAWA PENING along with any pertinent equipment. With this non-exclusive royalty free right, SWCU maintains the right to copy, reproduce, print, publish, post, display, incorporate, store in or scan into a retrieval system or database, transmit, broadcast, barter or sell my intellectual property, in whole or in part without my express written permission, as long as my name is still included as the writer. This declaration is made according to the best of my knowledge. Made in : Salatiga Date : June 21, 2013 Verified by signee, Ronny Sahputra Sihombing Approved by : Thesis Supervisor Thesis Examiner Victoria Usadya Palupi, MA-ELT Debora Tri Ragawati, S.S., MA-ELT iii IDENTIFICATION OF SIX ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE USED BY THIRD GRADE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF BETHANY SCHOOL IN REWRITING THE STORY OF RAWA PENING Abstract This study aims to investigate the use of six elements of narrative (setting, atmosphere, plot, conflict, characters, and theme) in rewriting the story of Rawa Pening. The participants consisted of 13 students of third grade of an elementary school students in Salatiga offered in first semester, 2011-2012 academic year. The result show that the use of six elements of narrative still the weakness for third grade students and need to be improved. Keywords : six elements of narrative, weakness Introduction Nowadays, English becomes an international language, many countries use English as their lesson. Brown (2000) explained in order to master the English language, learners have to be adequately exposed to all of the four basic skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing. One of the skill that learners have to master is writing. Recently, writing has been taught since the early stages, for example in elementary school. McCrimmon (1984) defined writing as opportunity to convey something about yourself, to communicate ideas to people beyond your immediate vicinity, to learn something you didn‟t know (p.6). Meanwhile, Lorch (1984) asserted that the act of 1 writing can help us discover what we think and feel (p.4). In here, learners have to create more opportunities and practice as much as possible in writing to improve their writing skill. Through writing practice, learners can convey the ideas they have in mind and also can reflect themselves how strength and be developed they are in writing process. One part of writing that will be applied and discussed further is narrative writing or narration. Review Of Literature I. Narrative According to Levinson (2006) the word „narrative‟ has its roots in Sanskrit, gnarus (knowing or wisdom) and the Latin narro (relate or tell). Example of narrative are myth, legend, fables, tales, short stories and the writer‟s experience. Nurcahyo (2010) added that a narrative is a construct created in a suitable medium (speech, writing, images) that describes a sequence of real or unreal events. Kubli (2005) as cited in Levinson (2006) stated that narrative not only conveys what is known from narrator to interlocutor but is expressly dialogic and formative – for narratives to be effective narrators have to „speak‟ to their audience, to meet the needs of addressivity, constructing the narrative so that it has resonance for interlocutors. To be a good narrator, the teacher must deliver the story clearly to the students. Hence, the students will get the content of the story and easy to rewrite the story. Nurcahyo (2010) emphasized that the social function of narrative is to amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vocarious experience in different ways. By telling 2 a narrative story, the students can express their imagination about the story they hear. They will also feel amazed if they never heard about the story before. II. Elements of narrative writing To make a narrative, we have to pay attention to the elements of narrative writing. Mootilal (2008) classified six basic elemets of narrative : 1. Setting The settings refers to the background in which the story takes place. There are several components necessary to create a setting : Place This usually refers to the geographical location of the story. The story may move from one place to another. Time First, this refers to the period of history, if the story is set in the past. If the story could happen now or at some recent unspecified time, we said that it is “contemporary”. If it is a science fiction story, it may be set in the future. Time also refers to the season, month, and even time of day. Climate/weather This an aspect of setting which can be important to the novel or story. If the story begins in the midst of hurricane, it is significant to the story. 2. Atmosphere This is the mood or feeling of the story, the emotional quality that the story gives to the reader. The setting of the story is usually responsible for creating the mood or feeling of the story. 3 3. Plot The plot is a synopsis of the storyline in chronological order. The plot usually arises out of the conflict in the story, which eventually builds to a climatic moment. The basic plot is comprised of the following : Introduction Refers to the beginning of the story where the characters and setting are presented. Problem/conflict This is where the events in the story become complicated and the problem in the story is revealed. Climax This is the turning point in the story in which the reader wonders what will happen next. Solution/conclusion This is the point in the story in which the problem is solved. 4. Conflict This is reffered to as the struggle between opossing forces in the story. The main purpose of conflict is to provide interest and suspense. There are various types of conflict, which can usually be categorized as one of the following : A character struggling against nature. A struggle between two or more characters. A struggle between the main character and some aspect of society. A struggle of opposing forces within one character. 4 5. Characters Refers to people, animal, robots, etc., who play parts in action of the story. The protagonist is the main character throughout the novel or story. A novel or story can have more than one protagonist. The force with which the protagonist is in conflict is called the antagonist. The force can be a person or persons, society or an internal struggle within the main character. 6. Theme Theme refers to the central idea in the story or novel. It can usually be expressed in a short statement about human nature, life issues, or the universe. III. Teaching Narrative Nurcahyo (2010) stated that generally, there are four ways to teach narrative : 1. Ask students to make a text flow chart, it consists of : a. Communicative purpose b. Generic structure c. Grammatical patterns In this part, it needs enrichment (questions and exercises), so that students really understand what does it for. They have to answer the questions that given by teacher related to the story. From the questions, the students can stimulate their writing text development, especially in narrative writing. 2. Ask students to develop the text element. It is sequence of events that leads to conflict-climax. Students will be able to understand what does text element for by explaining it through some examples and questions. 5 3. Ask students to develop the resolution. Resolution is a text element that desribe problem solving of the text or when the crises is resolved for better or for worse. 4. Close the text by giving coda. It is a kind of moral lesson adapted from the story. Teaching the sequence and components of narrative writing to elementary students can be a difficult task, especially in the second and third grades (Hatcher, 2010). Those components are character development, describing the setting, relating the action, defining the problem, and solving the problem.