SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA AREA NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY “CAROL I” Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA AREA THE VTH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SESSION NOVEMBER, 21-22, BUCHAREST National Defence University “Carol I” Publishing House Bucharest, 2005 SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA AREA COORDINATOR: Fellow Researcher Constantin MOŞTOFLEI, PhD SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL: Fellow Researcher Nicolae DOLGHIN, PhD Fellow Researcher Grigore ALEXANDRESCU, PhD EDITOR: Corina VLADU DESIGN: George RĂDUICĂ Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României SECURITATE ŞI STABILITATE ÎN BAZINUL MĂRII NEGRE. SESIUNE ŞTIINŢIFICĂ INTERNAŢIONALĂ (5 ; 2005 ; Bucureşti) Security and stability in the Black Sea Area: the Vth International Scientific Session: Bucharest: November 21-22, 2005/ National Defence University “Carol I”, Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies. – Bucureşti: Editura Universităţii Naţionale de Apărare “Carol I”, 2005 Bibliogr. ISBN 973-663-280-6 I. Universitatea Naţională de Apărare (Bucureşti). Centrul de Studii Strategice de Apărare şi Securitate 355.45(262.5)(063) © All the rights are reserved to NDU “Carol I”. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors. ISBN 973-663-280-6 SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA AREA CONTENT OPENING REMARKS The Message Addressed to the Participants on the Internationl Scientific Session “Security and Stability in the Black Sea Area” by the Minister of National Defence Teodor ATANASIU ..........................................................................5 The Security and Cooperation in the Wider Black Sea Area General Prof. Eugen BĂDĂLAN, PhD ........................................... 7 SECURITY ENVIRONMENT Governance and Security in the Black Sea Area Alexandra SARCINSCHI .............................................................. 12 The Wider Black Sea Area Between the Constraints of the Tradition and the Challenges of the New Security Environment Major-general Mihail E. IONESCU, PhD...................................... 23 The Dynamic of Paradigmatic Changes of the Black Sea Area’s Security Grigore ALEXANDRESCU, PhD...................................................39 RISKS AND THREATS Frozen Conflicts in the Black Sea Area Lieutenant-general eng. Sergiu-Tudor MEDAR, PhD, Colonel eng. Gheorghe SAVU, PhD........................................................................ 44 Possible Ways of Conducting Terrorist Attacks Against Maritime Trade and Shipping Commander Krzysztof KUBIAK, PhD.......................................... 55 The Nowadays Maritime Power Evolution in the Black Sea and Its Influence on Geopolitics Rear-admiral (ret.) Prof. Marius HANGANU, PhD....................... 62 Environmental Terrorism and Al Qaeda: Prospective European/ Global Environmental Problems Dr. Naeem SHAHID....................................................................... 79 SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA AREA Challenges and opportunities in the Black Sea Area Professor Adrian POP, PhD ........................................................... 86 THE ARMED FORCES AND STABILITY Maritime Security in the Black Sea, BLACKSEAFOR and “BLACK- SEA HARMONY” Operation Captain (Navy) Şener KIR ............................................................. 91 Black Sea Security Environment and its Influence over the Romanian Naval Forces Projection Rear-admiral Prof. Gheorghe MARIN, PhD.................................. 96 The “out-of-area“ new Euro-Atlantic Missions: Some Implications for Bulgaria’s Participation in the Black Sea Security Cooperation Professor Jordan BAEV, PhD....................................................... 112 Upon Certain Military Aspects in the Black Sea Region Major-general Mircea SAVU........................................................ 125 The Naval Cooperation Task Group - BLACKSEAFOR - in the Black Sea Basin Security Context Captain (Navy) Alexandru MÎRŞU.............................................. 134 COOPERATION AND SECURITY Confluences and Partnerships in the Black Sea Area General Prof. Mircea MUREŞAN, PhD....................................... 146 Romania in the Equation of the Regional Stability of the Black Sea Basin Lieutenant-general Lect.Sorin IOAN, PhD.................................. 154 Security by Cooperation within the Black Sea Area Major-general Prof. Mihail ORZEAŢĂ, PhD.............................. 169 Achieving Stability in the Black Sea Through Active Political-Military Cooperation Major-general Cornel DOBRIŢOIU............................................. 175 The USA-Russia Relations and the Stability in the Black Sea Area Nicolae DOLGHIN, PhD.............................................................. 188 SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA AREA The Message Addressed to the Participants on the International Scientific Session “Security and Stability in the Black Sea Area” by the Minister of National Defence It is my honour to salute this new scientific approach of one of the most important institutions for the Romanian scientific research – the Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies from the National Defence University „Carol I”. This scientific session tends to complete the efforts of the Romanian Ministry of Defence for integrating the Romanian Army in a knowledge- based society that has academic teaching system and scientific research as main pillars. Improving the education’s quality and competitiveness are important steps on implementing the action directions mentioned within the Bologna Process and optimising the relation between education and research and the needs of the society. The military science field requires our special attention, being considered a landmark of the Romanian Army’s transformation process, connected with the North-Atlantic Alliance and the European Union, on our attempt of adapting ourselves to the nowadays security environment, of creating and developing a security culture and community. The solutions for the actual challenges, for the dynamic transformation of the military body have to be deeply substantiated. This debate is a good opportunity for military and civilian specialists to contribute to this process. The issue of the security and stability in the Black Sea Area is very actual and very ample, as it has been taken into consideration by the whole international community. Once NATO’s borders will move to the Black Sea, and hopefully, the EU’s ones, too, this area has SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA AREA become a special one. Turning the region into an international one has to be understood by the changes in the regional security environment generated both by the obvious affiliation to the democracy’s and market economy’s values and by „frozen conflicts”, the risks, dangers, threats and vulnerabilities emerging from this space. Analyzing and clarifying these aspects may offer unique projections on the Romania’s security policy on regional initiatives and strategies, on the opportunities the Romanian state, as an active actor, has to exploit fruitfully. NATO and EU enlargements, the establishment of the US bases in Romania and Bulgaria, the possible extension of “Active Endeavour” mission within the Black Sea and strengthening the regional cooperation are the main pillars on achieving a peaceful, secure and prosperous area. The Romanian Ministry of Defence will continue ensuring the requested conditions for stimulating the creative effort in order to get the best solutions for our fully integration in NATO and EU. Therefore, the National Defence University „Carol I” and its Centre for Defence and Security Strategic Studies are very important on our way of achieving these purposes. I am sure the annual scientific session “Security and stability in the Black Sea Area” will be a successful one and I wish you all the best. Teodor ATANASIU, Minister of the Romanian Ministry of National Defence SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA AREA SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN THE WIDER BLACK SEA AREA General Professor Eugen BĂDĂLAN, PhD, Chief of the General Staff, Romania Honourable audience, Let me salute, on my turn, the attendance to this scientific event and the valuable lectures that are about to be presented by distinguish for- eign guests, Romanian researchers, military and civilians! I would like to address, as well, a warm welcome to the entire assistance! It is already a tradition for the Centre for Defence and Security Stra- tegic Studies from the National Defence University “Carol I” to organ- ize, every autumn, the Scientific Session. This is a scientific event of ma- jor importance for the Romanian Army and for all the factors involved in the security field. The today manifestation is, at the same time, an expression of the quality of the education, scientific research and other activities devel- oped by the University, a high standard institution that remains a role model for the scientific act within the Romanian Army. It is a fact that every scientific activity hosted under the University’s aegis becomes a deep-seated confirmation for the activities to come. It is worth mentioning that the scientific dimension plays an important role during the actual transformation process of our Army and in the Romania’s participation to the actions of the Alliance and EU. Nothing should be done by chance or conjectural. Everything should be based on a thorough scientific argumentation of the geopolitical and strategic options. The world we live in is transforming and reshaping.