Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89552-1 - Early China: A Social and Cultural History Li Feng Index More information Index activist government, opposed by Zhuangzi palace complex 69–71 219–220 periodization 78–81 administration sacrificial activities 71 Han 漢 Empire 284–285, 287–288 Sanxingdui see Sanxingdui 三星堆 mid Western Zhou 周 147, 167–168 Shang Dynasty excavations 9 Qin 秦 Empire 246–249 spoken language 92 afterlife, First Emperor of China 250–256 start of Chinese archaeology 9 “Age of Philosophers” 207 Anyang Work Team of the Institute of agriculture Archaeology, CASS, Selected production in state of Wei 魏 188 Reading 74, 89 small farmer households 191–192 “appointment inscriptions” Warring States period 190–192 bronze inscriptions 149–150 alcohol, Shang 商 Dynasty 83 Song ding 頌鼎 150 Allan, Sarah archaeology Selected Reading 111 “complex society” concept 21–22 Shang royal lineage 105 discovery of Feng 豐, Hao 鎬, and Analects 212–213 Qiyi 岐邑 124 ancestor worship dating standards 78–79, 116 pre-dynastic Zhou 117 migration of peoples 181 Zhou 147 North China cultural mixing 181 “Ancient texts,” Han Empire 312, 314–315 Ordos region finds 265–267 Andersson, Johan Gunnar 15, 17 start of Chinese 9 animal bones, divination 92–93 Zhou regional states 132–134 “Annual Report,” Warring States Archer-Lords 109 period 196 architectural alignment anthropology, meaning of “state” 42 Erlitou 二里頭 60 Anyang 安陽 Shang Dynasty 60 twenty-first century discoveries 75 Yanshi 偃師 60 area 69 armies bone factory 75–78 composition in Warring States bronze casting site 75 period 199 bronzes styles 77–78, 124 Han cavalry 271, 273, 275 construction process 71 Han crossbows 271 “cradle of Chinese archaeology” 66 Han innovations 271 Creel, Herrlee G. 12 “Red Eyebrows” rebel army 279 cultural network 83–85 soldiers’ composition in Warring States economic life 75 period 198–199 excavations 68–69 standing army of state of Jin 晉 199 oracle bones 67–68 in state of Hann 韓 199 inscriptions 79, 113 in state of Qi 齊 199 and shells 7, 9 in state of Qin 秦 199 325 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89552-1 - Early China: A Social and Cultural History Li Feng Index More information 326 Index armies (cont.) Xianyun 玁狁 warfare with Western Zhao 趙 cavalry 199–200 Zhou 160 see also warfare Book of Rites 311 assassination attempt on Ying Zheng 嬴政 border control, Han Empire 300 244 Bronze Age Austronesian people, Taiwan 4 bronze cultures contact with Shang “Authority,” Han Fei 韓非 225 culture 86 “Axial Age” 209–210, 213 centers in Erligang 二里崗 period 64–65 culture of Lower Ordos 89 Ba 巴, conquered by Qin 241 first culture in China 46, 53 Bagley, Robert bronze casting sites late Shang writing 91–92 Anyang 75 Selected Reading 89, 111 Miaopu 苗圃 73 balance of power, Spring and Autumn bronze culture period 166 incision 203–204 Bamboo Annals 49 inlaying gold and silver 204 Ban Chao 班超 299 lost-wax technology 203 Ban Gu 班固, History of the Western Han mid Western Zhou 126–127 Dynasty (Hanshu 漢書) 315, 318 piece-mold technology 203 Ban Zhao 班昭 317 preservation of Zhou realm 202–203 Bao Si 褒姒 160–161 real world images 204 Baoshan 包山 bamboo strips, state of Chu 楚 bronze inscriptions 193 “appointment inscriptions” Being Natural (Ziran 自然), philosophy 149–150 concept 219 Duke of Zhou’s conquest of Yan 奄 and Beixin 北辛 culture in Shandong 27 Bogu 薄古 123 Beizhou 北趙 village burial-ground 133 early Duke of Qin 229 Benevolence (Ren 仁), philosophy concept Heaven’s Mandate to Qin 234–235 213, 214, 215, 218, 222–223, 227 King Cheng’s 成 military campaigns in Bielenstein, Hans east 120, 121 Han officials’ salary 286 King Kang’s 康 northern Zhou conquests Selected Reading 282, 302 135 Bin 豳 as home to Zhou people 113 King Zhao 昭, expansion in Shandong Bingong xu 公盨 50 peninsula 136–137 bipolar paradigm, Neolithic cultures 17 legal statutes 176 birds, mid Western Zhou bronzes 126, 127 Shang 8, 92 Blakeley, Barry B., social transformation in Shang military campaigns in Shandong Spring and Autumn period 172 region 120 Boas, Franz, “Cultural Particularism” 20 Western Zhou 8, 92, 140, 144 Bohai Bay 165 founding of regional states 129 bone factory, Anyang 75–78 legal matters 175 Book of Changes (Yijing 易經) 157, 158, 211, lineages 142 221, 312 literacy 156–157 Book of Documents (Shangshu 尚書) 49, 157, warfare 197 158–159, 211, 312 Yan 燕 state granted by Zhou king 133 destroyed by First Emperor of Qin 311 Zhou 周 Shang–Zhou transition 143 contact with Huai 淮 River region 138 Book of the Lord of Shang 236 inspection of regional states 132 Book of Poetry (Shijing 詩經) 49, 157, land disputes 154 159–160, 211, 312 land grants of king 154 destroyed by First Emperor of Qin 311 regional rulers’ visits 134 Han Empire versions 312 royal cities 123 King Wen 文 117 bronze technology Shang–Zhou transition 143 Erligang period 61 “The Birth of People” 144 late Shang Dynasty 77–78 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89552-1 - Early China: A Social and Cultural History Li Feng Index More information Index 327 bronze vessels centralization in Han Empire 260 dating of 78, 79 Cernuschi Museum, Paris 78 Erlitou 46–47, 61 Chancellor, Han Empire 284 Li gui 利簋 120 Chang Chun-shu 299 Shang Dynasty 47 Selected Reading 303 Shang Dynasty wine vessels 124–125 Chang, K. C. 65, 89 Western Zhou wine vessels 124–125, 126 “Chinese Interaction Sphere” theory 18 Zhengshou 鄭州 59 Selected Reading 40, 111 Zhou elite tombs 152–153 Shang royal government 106 bronzes Shang royal lineage 105–106 Anyang period styles 77–78, 124 state formation 42 Dayangzhou 大洋洲 discovery 86 Chang’an 長安 lineage sacrifice 146 Han imperial capital 260 mid Western Zhou Nine Temples 277 birds 126, 127 Changcheng 長城 (“Long Wall”) of Qi 185 burial bronzes 126–127 Changping 長平, Battle of 194, 199 geometric patterns 127 charcoal samples Zhou period regional and metropolitan Cishan 磁山 site, Hebei 23 134 early Neolithic rice 24 Zhou and Shang styles compared Peiligang 裴李崗 site, Henan 23 124–125, 126 Chavannes, Édouard, book on Dunhuang Buddha 209 strips 7–8 Buddhism, Chinese civilization 5 Chen Ping 陳平, Huang-Lao follower 306 Buku 不窋 113 Chen Sheng 陳勝 258 bureaucracy Chen 陳, state of 164 Han Empire 265, 283–285, 287 Chen Xingcan 陳星燦 65 territorial state management technique 195 Selected Reading 40 Zhou Dynasty 112 Chengzhou 成周, Zhou administrative bureaucratization center 123–124, 163 mid Western Zhou government 147–152 Chief Commander (Lingyin 令尹), state of Warring States period 197 Chu 195 burial bronzes, mid Western Zhou 126–127 chiefdoms 21, 30 burial remains comparison with states 37–40 Jin 晉 rulers 133 emergence of states 41, 53 Sanxingdui 三星堆 87–88 Longshan 龍山 society 37–40 Sidun 寺墩 in Jiangsu 34 China Taosi 陶寺 32 history of Sima Qian 司馬遷 315–317 tomb of Lady Hao 好 76–77 topography 1–2 Yuanjunmiao 元君廟 28–29 unification of 244–245 see also tombs “Chinese League” formed by Qi 163 burial sites, Han Empire 318–322 Cho-yun Hsu promotion of lower society Cai Yong 蔡邕 313 members 172 “Canon of Law,” Li Kui 李悝 192, 193 Selected Reading 139, 161, 182 “Canonical Laws” (Jingfa 經法) 306 Chu 楚, state of 165, 172 Cao Cen 曹參, Huang-Lao follower 306 archaeological discoveries 221–222 cavalry Chief Commander office (Lingyin) 195 Han army 271, 273, 275 conquest by Qin 241, 245 Zhao 199–200 counties 168 Censor-in-Chief, Han Empire 284 Fangcheng 方城 (“Square Wall”) 185 Central Asia legal procedures 193 contacts with 5, 136, 279 legal statutes 176 Han Empire 299 military disaster of 311 BC 189–190 states visited by Zhang Qian 張騫 271 population registration 193 Central Plain, cultural development 18–20 royal army 199 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89552-1 - Early China: A Social and Cultural History Li Feng Index More information 328 Index Ch’u, T’ung-tsu, Selected Reading 302 history and geopolitical context 168–171 circulating succession 105 lineage system erosion 173–174 Cishan 磁山 site, charcoal samples 23 military service 171 Cishan–Peiligang 磁山-裴李崗 culture 22, move from states’ periphery to interior 23–24 173 data difficulties 25–27 non-hereditary 171 rice 24 numbers of in major states 170–171 civil and military service, Han Empire 288 Qin Empire 246, 250 civil offices, Warring States period 195–196 Qin’s conquered lands 231, 236, 250 civil strife, Spring and Autumn period role of 168–171 171–172 taxation 171 clans and clan names 140–141 territorial state’s building blocks 187 Classic of Way and Virtue 217, 222–223, 305, Xian 縣 derivation and meaning 168 306 see also “County–Commandery” system Clerical Script 249 “County–Commandery” system 167–171 climate in early times administration 167 North China 3, 22 covenant tablets South China 3–4 Houma 侯馬 174, 177, 178–179 Commandant, state of Qin 195 Wenxian 溫縣 177 Commander-in-chief, Han Empire 276, 277 Craftiness (Qiao 巧), philosophy concept commanderies 222–223 Han Empire 285 Crawford, Gray W., Selected Reading 40 Qin Empire 246 Creel, Herrlee G. 12 Commandery Protector, Warring States Anyang 12 period 195 Selected Reading 14, 182 commoners on Han social scale 292 The Birth of China 12 “complex society” archaeology concept criminal cases, Zhangjiashan 293–294 21–22 crossbows 199 concepts in philosophy see philosophy Han army 271 concepts currency standardization in Qin “Confucian Classics” 157, 312 Empire 249 Confucianism 311 criticized by Mozi 墨子 226–227 Da Qin 大秦 see Roman Empire Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒 309–310 Daluo 大駱 230–231 Guodian 郭店 texts 222