UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Jože Rozman Mentor: doc. dr. Damijan Guštin Somentor: asist. dr. Zvonimir Bratun GEOGRAFSKA ANALIZA PREHODOV ČEZ SAVO MED II. SVETOVNO VOJNO (NA ODSEKU DOL-RENKE) Diplomsko delo Ljubljana, 2006 Zahvala. Rad bi se zahvalil vsem, ki so mi kakorkoli pomagali pri pisanju te diplomske naloge, še posebej mentorju dr. Damijanu Guštinu in somentorju dr. Zvonimirju Bratunu za koristne napotke in pomoč pri delu. Posebna zahvala gre g. Viliju Kosu iz Geodetskega zavoda Slovenije, g. Alešu Florjancu z Oddelka za raziskave in simulacije Centra vojaških šol SV, g. Antonu Jerantu ter osebju Arhiva Republike Slovenije in knjižnice Inštituta za novejšo zgodovino. Hvala pa tudi ostalim, ki so me spodbujali in podpirali. II KAZALO I. UVOD........................................................................................................................................................ 1 II. METODOLOŠKO-HIPOTETIČNI DEL............................................................................................ 1 1. PREDMET IN CILJ PROUČEVANJA..................................................................................................... 1 2. HIPOTEZE................................................................................................................................................ 2 3. METODE DELA....................................................................................................................................... 2 4. POSEBNOSTI IN OMEJITVE.................................................................................................................. 3 5. ZGRADBA DIPLOMSKEGA DELA....................................................................................................... 4 6. OPREDELITEV TEMELJNIH POJMOV................................................................................................. 5 6.1. BROD ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 6.2. BUNKER .................................................................................................................................................. 5 6.3. DIVERZIJA............................................................................................................................................... 6 6.4. KAMNIŠKO-ZASAVSKI ODRED ................................................................................................................ 6 6.5. NOB........................................................................................................................................................ 7 6.6. NOV IN POS........................................................................................................................................... 8 6.7. SABOTAŽA .............................................................................................................................................. 9 III. VSEBINA ............................................................................................................................................ 10 1. SPLOŠNI GEOGRAFSKI DEJAVNIKI IN UČINKI NA OBRAVNAVANO OBMOČJE PREHODOV.............................................................................................................................................. 10 1.1. OMEJITEV IN GEOGRAFSKI POLOŽAJ OBMOČJA...................................................................... 10 1.2. OBLIKA IN VELIKOST OBMOČJA.................................................................................................. 12 1.3. MEJE .................................................................................................................................................... 12 2. FIZIČNOGEOGRAFSKI DEJAVNIKI IN UČINKI NA PREHODNOST...................................... 13 2.1. GEOLOŠKE ZNAČILNOSTI IN UČINKI ......................................................................................... 13 2.1.1. SKLEP................................................................................................................................................. 17 2.2. RELIEFNE ZNAČILNOSTI IN UČINKI ............................................................................................ 19 2.2.1. TIPI RELIEFA ...................................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.2. VERTIKALNA ČLENITEV RELIEFA....................................................................................................... 23 2.2.3. NAKLONI IN EKSPOZICIJE POVRŠJA.................................................................................................... 24 2.2.4. PREČNI PROFILI PREHODOV ............................................................................................................... 26 2.3. PODNEBNE IN VREMENSKE ZNAČILNOSTI TER UČINKI ........................................................ 32 2.3.1. PADAVINE .......................................................................................................................................... 33 2.3.2. TEMPERATURE ZRAKA....................................................................................................................... 35 2.3.3. MEGLA............................................................................................................................................... 37 2.3.4. KLIMODIAGRAMI ............................................................................................................................... 38 2.4. HIDROGRAFSKE ZNAČILNOSTI IN UČINKI ................................................................................ 41 2.4.1. POREČJE IN GOSTOTA REČNE MREŽE ................................................................................................. 42 2.4.2. PRETOK VODE .................................................................................................................................... 42 3.4.3. UČINKI NA PREHODE PARTIZANSKIH ENOT IN TRANSPORTOV........................................................... 45 2.4.4. PRIMERI UČINKA PRETOKA NA PREHODE.......................................................................................... 47 2.5. VEGETACIJSKI DEJAVNIK IN UČINKI.......................................................................................... 52 2.5.1. GOZDNA VEGETACIJA ........................................................................................................................ 52 2.5.2. UČINKI NA ORGANIZACIJO IN IZVEDBO PREHODOV........................................................................... 56 III 3. DRUŽBENOGEOGRAFSKI DEJAVNIKI IN UČINKI NA PREHODNOST ................................ 60 3.1. UPRAVNA ORGANIZIRANOST....................................................................................................... 60 3.1.1. ZASEDBA IN RAZDELITEV OZEMLJA................................................................................................... 60 3.1.2. NEMŠKA CIVILNA UPRAVA ................................................................................................................ 61 3.2. ELEMENTI OKUPATORJEVE PRISOTNOSTI ................................................................................ 65 3.2.1. OKUPATORJEVE POSTOJANKE............................................................................................................ 65 3.3. PREBIVALSTVO ..................................................................................................................................... 71 3.3.1. PRESELJEVANJE IN DEPORTACIJE....................................................................................................... 71 3.3.2. POPISI PREBIVALSTVA ....................................................................................................................... 74 3.3.3. VOJAŠKI OBVEZNIKI IN MOBILIZIRANCI ............................................................................................ 76 3.4. GOSPODARSTVO IN INDUSTRIJA ................................................................................................. 77 3.5. ŽELEZNICA ........................................................................................................................................ 81 3.5.1. ŽELEZNIŠKA PROGA CELJE-ZIDANI MOST-LJUBLJANA..................................................................... 81 3.5.2. ŽELEZNIŠKA PROGA LAZE-ČRNUČE-VIŽMARJE ................................................................................ 83 3.6. UČINKI NA ORGANIZACIJO IN IZVEDBO PREHODOV.............................................................. 85 4. PARTIZANSKI PREHODI ČEZ SAVO............................................................................................. 86 4.1. KURIRSKE ZVEZE............................................................................................................................. 87 4.1.1. KURIRSKE POSTAJE............................................................................................................................ 87 4.2. KAMNIŠKO-ZASAVSKI ODRED..................................................................................................... 90 4.2.1. SPECIALNA ČETA ............................................................................................................................... 90 4.2.2. MINERSKA ČETA ................................................................................................................................91 4.2.3.