ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES PUBLIC INTERIORITY THROUGH URBAN MOBILITY: DESIGN APPROACHES FOR RAILWAY STATIONS IN ISTANBUL M.A. THESIS Gizem AKDEMİR Department of Interior Design International Master of Interior Architectural Design M.A. Programme JUNE 2019 ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES PUBLIC INTERIORITY THROUGH URBAN MOBLITY: DESIGN APPROACHES FOR RAILWAY STATIONS IN ISTANBUL M.A. THESIS Gizem AKDEMİR (418161003) Department of Interior Design International Master of Interior Architectural Design M.A. Programme Thesis Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emine GÖRGÜL JUNE 2019 İSTANBUL TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ KENTSEL MOBİLİTE ÜZERİNDEN KAMUSAL İÇSELLİK: ISTANBUL TREN ISTASYONLARINA TASARIM YAKLAŞIMLARI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Gizem AKDEMİR (418161003) İç Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı İç Mimari Tasarım Uluslararası Yüksek Lisans Programı Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Emine GÖRGÜL HAZİRAN 2019 Gizem Akdemir, a M.A. student of ITU Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences student ID 418161003, successfully defended the thesis/dissertation entitled “PUBLIC INTERIORITY THROUGH URBAN MOBILITY: DESIGN APPROACHES FOR TRAIN STATIONS IN ISTANBUL”, which she prepared after fulfilling the requirements specified in the associated legislations, before the jury whose signatures are below. Thesis Advisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emine GÖRGÜL .............................. Istanbul Technical University Co-advisor : Prof.Dr. Name SURNAME .............................. (If exists) ............................. University Jury Members : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ervin GARİP ............................. Istanbul Technical University Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Banu TEVFİKLER ÇAVUŞOĞLU .............................. Eastern Mediterranean University University Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME .............................. ............................. University (If exists) Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME .............................. ............................. University (If exists) Prof. Dr. Name SURNAME .............................. ............................. University Date of Submission : 02 May 2019 Date of Defense : 10 June 2019 v vi To my family, vii viii FOREWORD Firstly, I want to express my gratitudes for my advisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emine GÖRGÜL for her support and for the jury members Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Banu TEVFİKLER ÇAVUŞOĞLU from Eastern Mediterranean University and ITU Interior Architecture Department member Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ervin GARİP for their valuable attendance. I would like to thank my fellow IMIAD friends Özgün AYHAN and Dilek ŞAHİN for their support throughout the process. Also, I want to thank to Ahmet KABİL, for encouraging me constantly and for his valuable contributions to the study. Lastly, I want to thank my dear family for always supporting me. I dedicate this thesis to them, especially to my mother, Nermin AKDEMİR, who is always right by my side. After the foreword text, name of the author (right-aligned), and the date (as month and year) must be written (left-aligned). These two expressions must be in the same line.The foreword is written with 1 line spacing. May 2019 Gizem AKDEMIR Res. Assist. & Interior Architect ix x TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ............................................................................................................. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... xi ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. xiii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... xv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... xvii SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ xvii ÖZET…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .............................................................................................................. xvii INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 CONDITIONS OF URBAN AND PUBLIC LIFE IN METROPOLIS, URBAN WELLBEING, URBAN AND INTERIOR PUBLIC SPACE .................................................................................................................. 3 Evolution of Urban Public Space ....................................................................... 3 2.1.1 Structural development of the metropolitan cities .............................................. 4 2.1.2 Transition process of metropolitan Istanbul ........................................................ 7 2.1.3 Transformation of urban public spaces and public spaces ................................ 10 2.1.3.1 Emergence of urban wellbeing in contemporary metropolis ......................... 15 2.1.3.2 Measuring the qualities of urban and public spaces....................................... 17 Urban Interiority: Urban and Public Interior Spaces ....................................... 21 2.2.1 Emergence of urban room and conditions of urban and public interiors .......... 21 2.2.2 Defining the aspects of urban and public interior practices .............................. 23 REDEFINING PUBLIC AND URBAN INTERIORITY THROUGH URBAN MOBILITY AND RE-RISE OF RAILWAY STATIONS ................ 31 Public and Urban Interiority of Urban Mobility .............................................. 31 Railway Stations as Community Hubs in Urban Wellbeing ............................ 33 Designing Railway Stations ............................................................................. 39 INTERCONNECTING DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR RECOGNIZING TRAIN STATIONS AS COMMUNITY HUBS ................................. 49 Background Information on Railway Stations and Commuter Lines of Istanbul ................................................................................................................................ 49 Field Study and Methodology: Evaluating the Quality of the Urban and Public Interior .................................................................................................................... 55 Selection of study areas .................................................................................... 67 4.3.1 Bakırköy railway station ................................................................................... 68 4.3.2 Sirkeci railway station ....................................................................................... 88 Comparative Analysis of the Railway Stations and Design Approaches ....... 106 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 117 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 119 APPENDIX A: Tables of Literature Research and Survey ........................... 127 CIRRICULUM VITAE ..................................................................................... 135 xi xii ABBREVIATIONS JLL : JONES LANG LASALLE WHO : World Health Organization CABE : Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment UN-Habitat : United Nations Human Settlement Programme IMM : Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ICOMOS : International Council on Monuments and Sites BTS : United Trade Union of Transport Employees YHT : Yüksek Hızlı Tren (High-Speed Train) TCDD : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları (Turkish State Railways) VICHEALTH: Victorian Health Promotion Foundation xiii xiv LIST OF TABLES Page Table 4.1: First phase of the study: the observation system (Akdemir, 2019) .......... 57 Table 4.2: Second phase of the study: the survey (Akdemir, 2019).......................... 58 Table 4.3: The survey (Akdemir, 2019) .................................................................... 59 Table 4.4: Local Sensory Experience in Bakirkoy Railway Station (Akdemir,2019) ............................................................................................................................ 80 Table 4.5: The complete survey results of Bakirkoy Railway Station ...................... 84 Table 4.5: (continued) The complete survey results of Bakirkoy Railway Station... 85 Table 4.6: Local Sensory Experience in Sirkeci Railway Station (Akdemir, 2019) . 99 Table 4.7: The complete survey of Sirkeci Railway Station .................................. 102 Table 4.7: (continued) The complete survey of Sirkeci Railway Station ............... 103 xv xvi LIST OF FIGURES Page Jan Gehl (2010) Public Space Quality Criteria ..................................... 18 CABE Space Shapers Guide (2007) ...................................................... 19 2b_architectes, Place du Molard, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004. (URL-9) ............................................................................................................................ 25 Selgascano, The Martell Pavillion, Cognac, France, 2017. (URL-10) .. 26 OH.NO.SUMO, Stairway Cinema, Auckland, New Zealand. 2012 (URL -11) ..................................................................................................................... 26 Collectif Parenthese, Saint-Etienne, 2013 (URL-12) ............................ 27 Rogier Martens Studio, Pop-up, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2010 (URL- 13) ...................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 3.1 : Distribution