w i * LINIVERSIVY OF CALIFORNIA UNIVERS A GRAMMAR OF THE TELOOGOOLANGUAGE, COMMONLY TEEMED THE GENTOO, PECULIAR TO THE HINDOOS INHABITING THE NORTH EASTERN PROVINCES OF THE INDIAN PENINSULA. BY A. ^CAMPBELL, OF THE HONORABLE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S CIVIL SERVICE ON THE MADRAS ESTABLISHMENT, MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF SUPERINTENDENCE FOR THE COLLEGE OF FORT ST. GEORGE. THIRD EDITION. / ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ MADEAS: PRINTED AT THE HINDU PRESS. 1849. c \ ~f ADVERTTSEMENT. Since the establishment of the College of Fort William by Marquis Wellesley, the labors of many distinguished indivi- duals have added much valuable information to the knowledge before possessed of oriental literature, and afforded many faci- lities to the attainment of an improved acquaintance with the several dialects peculiar to the provinces immediately subject to the Supreme Government. A similar Institution (on a modified and less extensive scale) has more recently been esta- blished at Fort St. George, and may be expected, in course of time, to produce the same favorable results as regards the*lan- of the of India which little has guages South ; respecting very as yet appeared before the public through the medium of the press, though the languages themselves had, even before the establishment of the College, been cultivated with considerable success by many individuals. , For the establishment of the College of Fort St. George, and for the encouragement afforded in many other respects to the advancement of the literature of Southern India, the Public are in a great degree indebted to "Sir George Barlow; and the following is one of several works which" owe their rise to this source. C05 The Author, having been nominated to a seat at the Board of Superintendence for the College, had frequent opportunities of observing the disadvantage under which the Teloogoo Stu- dents laboured, from the want of a work on the elements of that language. An attempt to remove this impediment was a duty which the author's situation in some degree imposed ; and -actuated by this motive, as well as by a desire to rescue the Teloogoo from' the undeserved neglect in which its great diffi- and to culty had involved it, extend among his countrymen the^ knowledge of a language spoken by a large portion of the native subjects of the British Government in the South of India, he proceeded to arrange the notes, on the native grammars of the language, which he had taken to assist his own studies, in the form which they have assumed in the following pages. i The manuscript, tbus prepared, was submitted to the Go- vernment of Fort St. George, whose approbation it having been so fortunate as to obtain, the copy right was piirchased on the public account, and the Right Honorable the Governor in Council was pleased to direct that the work should be print- ed at the College Press, whence it now issues to the Public. first to illustrate the Every attempt principles of a foreign is attended language by peculiar difficulties; but to do justice to a so language highly cultivated as the Teloogoo required to which the author advantages makes no pretension : never- theless he hopes that in essential respects, the work will not be found deficient- He does not expect that it will remove ail the difficulties which have hitherto opposed the acquisition : to of the Teloogoo if, by enabling the European Student overcome the chief obstacles in his way, it lightens his labour, and facilitates his access to that eminence which all should endeavour to attain who seek distinction in the public service, the author's utmost wishes will be accomplished : at some future period, perhaps, the track which he has opened may be followed by others possessing more ability and leisure than himself, who, correcting those errors into which he- has fallen, may give to the world improved works, on one of the most useful and polished languages of India. TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE RIGHT HONORABLE FRANCIS RAWDON HASTINGS, EARL OF MOIRA, K. G. GOVERNOR GENERAL AND COMMANDER IN CHIEF IN INDIA. $c. $c. Sfc. MY LORD, In dedicating to your Lordship the following elementary work, in elucidation of the principles of one of the most ancient, useful, and elegant languages of India, permit me, most respectfully, to express my grateful acknowledgementsfor the honor which it derives, from < being permitted to appear under the sanction of so illustrious a name. this ' Public utility, the chief object of work, constitutes also its. chief claim to the patronage of a Statesman whose liberal and en- lightened mind deems nothing beneath its notice which may be cal~ dilated, however remotely, to promote the interests of the Great Empire intrusted to his care. If) by diffusing among the civil and military servants on the Coast a more extended knowledge of the language of Telingana^ and an improved acquaintance with the character, customs, and manners, of the fine race of men who inhabit that country, the work here presented to your Lordship should contribute in any degree to the convenience of individuals, to the service of the Government, or to the security and happiness its the of subjects, I shall have satisfaction to reflect that, however imperfect its execution, it will not haveproved altogether unworthy of the distinguished patronage with which jt has been honored. I have the honor to be, My* Lord, with the greatest respect, your Lordship's obliged and * *"' very obedient h umble servant A. D. CAMPBELL. INTRODUCTION. The language of which a Grammar is now offered to the Public is commonly, but improperly, termed by Europeans the Gentoo. It is the Andhra of Sanscrit authors, and, in the country where it is spoken, is known by the name of the Trilinga, Telinga, Teloogoo, or Tenapgoo. This language is the vernacular dialect of the Hindoos, inhabiting that part of (he Indian Peninsula, which, extending from the Dutch settlement of Pulicat on the Coast of Coromandel, inland to the vicinity of Bangalore, stretches northwards, the along the coast as far as Chicacole, and in the interior to the sources of Tapti ; bounded on the east by the Bay of Bengal, and on the west by an irregular line, passing through the western districts belonging to the Soubahdar of the Deccan, in- and cutting off the most eastern provinces of the new state of Mysore : -a tract cluding the five Northern Circars of Ganjam, Vizagapatam, Rajahmundry, Mastili-* and patam, Guntoor ; the greater portion of the Nizam's extensive territories; the districts of and Beliari him to the British the Cuddapah ceded by ; eastern provinces of Mysore; and the northern portion of the Carnatick : nor is this language unknown in the more Southern parts of India, for the descendants of those Teloogoo families which were deputed by the Kings of Vidianagara to con- troul to their southern conquests, or which occasionally emigrated from Teljngana avoid famine or oppression, are scattered all over the Dravida and Oarnataca pro- vinces ; and ever retaining- the language of their forefathers, have diffused a of it knowledge throughout the Peninsula' f t numerous authorities Among which may be quoted in support of the concluding part of this 1 statement, subjoin the following passages from the 'Travels of* Dr. Francis Buchanan, 4 work much statistical containing information, regarding the provinces in the interior of the Peninsula " where in K&rnata the Every palanquin-bearers are of Telinga descent, and in their oWn families " the of speak language then- original country" The Woddas or Woddaru are a tribe of Te- " and in their families Jinga origin, retain that language; although they are aeRttd all ov6r 11 INTRODUCTION. A tradition current in Telingana, and noticed by many of it's best native * aa well as Authors, states the original name of this language, that of the country in which it is spoken, to have been Tri-lingum, or in pure Teloogoo Modaga- the or of the three : a name lingum ; t namely language country lingums derived from the three lingums, or mystic symbols of the divinity, in the form, of which Shiva, the destructive and re-producing power in the Indian Trinity, is reported to have descended upon the mountains of Shri Shuelum or Purvatum, Caleswarum, and Bheemeswarnm or Dracharamum, where he is supposed still to hold his awful abode, and is worshipped under the respective names of Mullecarjoona, Calanadha, and Bheemeswara. These three lingums are said to have marked the chief boundaries of the country known in modern times by the name of Telingana. The first, that of Shri Shuelum, " the countries where the Tamil and Karnataca tongues are prevalent" Speaking of a cast known " by the name of Baydaru, he observes Those in the North-eastern parts of the Mysore Rajah's " dominions are of Telinga descent, and retain tbac language They seem to be the true Sudra " cultivators and military of Telingana, and to have been introduced in great numbers into the " southern countries of the Peninsula, when these became subject to Andray or Telingana princes.'* * See the Preface of Maumidi Vencayab, a learned native inhabitant of Masulipatam, to bia the Teloogoo Dictionary, copy right of which has been purchased by the Madras Government ; and the original authorities therein referred to. Among others, the Adhurvana Vyacurnum. a in the Andhra given Cowmudi, from which the following is a quotation. i$ i~?O ^psScfS"" v$f *&s)&fl^ I He to (alluding Andhra Vishtnoo the son of Soochundra hereafter mentioned) having built an immense wall, connecting Shri Shuelum, Bheemeswaram, and Caleswaram, with the Mahendra hills, formed in it three gates, in which the three eyed Ishwara, bearing the trident in his hand, and attended by a host of divinities, resided in the form of three lingums.