Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #1 Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #2 Back in 1918 Negroes could not vote and women could not vote either. The white women were trying to help get a bill passed in the legislature where women could vote. I said to the Negro women, “I don’t know if we can use it now or not, but if there’s a chance, I want to say we helped make it. —Christia Adair I give you the gift of knowledge that, as long as you have your life and health, you can achieve anything. You can speak up and fight for justice and fairness. You can reach your dreams. You can fulfill your potential. —Suzanne Ahn Texas Curriculum Texas Curriculum Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #3 Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #4 We declare lynching an indefensible crime, destructive of all principles of government, hostile I am trying to show the world that we are all to every ideal of religion and humanity, degrading human beings, and that color is not important. and debasing to every person involved. We What is important is the quality of our work. pledge ourselves to create a new public opinion —Alvin Ailey in the South which will not condone for any reason whatever acts of the mob or lynchers. —Jessie Ames Texas Curriculum Texas Curriculum Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #2 Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #1 Suzanne Ahn Christia V. Adair b. Pusan, Korea, 1952 d. Dallas, 6/22/2003 b. Victoria, Texas, 10/22/1893 d. Houston, 12/31/1989 Active: 1980–2003 Active: 1920–1925 and 1943–1972 Biography / Dallas neurologist Suzanne Insook Ahn organized Biography / From 1918 to 1925 she organized Euro American and Afri- demonstrations at Dallas nightclubs that barred Asian Pacific can American women in Kingsville, Texas, to work together for suffrage American patrons. She served as a leader in organizations that and to close a local gambling house that employed teenage boys. After promote the rights of Asian Americans and of women physicians, her husband died, she served as executive secretary of the National Asso- and she cofounded National Doctors for Equal Rights Amendment. ciation for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in Houston for When the 1991 Civil Rights Act specifically excluded Filipino and 12 years. In 1957 she courageously testified in a lengthy trial to prevent Native American cannery workers in Alaska, Dr. Ahn flew to the Houston police from taking NAACP membership records, and she Washington, D.C., to confront legislators. In 2002, knowing her endured persecution until her position was upheld by the Supreme death from inoperable lung cancer was near, she gave $100,000 to Court two years later. In the 1960s and 1970s, she helped desegregate the Asian American Journalists Association to encourage those who the Houston public library, airport, veteran’s hospital, city buses, juries, are telling the stories about the fight for civil rights and social justice county employment, and department store dressing rooms. for Asian Pacific Americans. Honors / Christia V. Adair County Park in Houston; life recognition Honors / Profiles in Leadership Award given by Southern Methodist “Suffragette” award, Houston Chapter of the National Organization for University (2002); recognition as a National Library of Medicine Women (1974); Woman of the Year, Zeta Phi Beta Sorority (1952). “Local Legend”; included in UT–Austin’s Great Texas Women Question / Do an Internet search to find photographs (images) illustrat- exhibition. ing four different kinds of segregated facilities. Write a caption for each Question / Use a search engine to find the Web site of the Asian photograph. American Journalists Association. What are some concerns of the Looping Question: Which judge followed up to make sure her organization at this time? Write a paragraph giving details about one own court-ordered prison reforms were carried out? of their concerns. In a second paragraph, give your own opinion. Looping Question: Which judge followed up to make sure her own court-ordered prison reforms were carried out? Photo: National Library of Medicine Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #4 Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #3 Jessie Daniel Ames Alvin Ailey b. Palestine, Texas, 11/2/1883 d. Austin, Texas, 2/21/1972 b. Rogers, Texas, 1/05/1931 d. New York, 12/01/1989 Active: 1918–1942 Active: 1954–1989 Biography / Jessie Ames worked with the state Equal Suffrage Biography / Alvin Ailey learned to love gospel music as a child attend- Association to make Texas the first southern state to pass the ing the New Vine Baptist Church in Navasota, Texas, with his mother. 19th Amendment. She was founder and first president of the When they moved to Los Angeles in 1943, he began studying dance. He Texas League of Women Voters. She became director of the Texas formed his own company in 1958, and as a choreographer, he explored Commission on Interracial Cooperation in 1924 and in 1929 moved American and African American dance. In 1969 he founded the Alvin to Atlanta to head the National Council on Interracial Cooperation. Ailey American Dance Center School to train dance students from all In 1930 she founded the Association of Southern Women for the over the world. A firm believer in arts in education, he created student Prevention of Lynching, a group of Euro American women organized programs in communities traditionally underserved by the arts. Ailey’s to fight racial violence and vigilante executions. She returned to her best-known choreographic creation, Revelations, was inspired by his Texas home in Georgetown in 1968. Texas childhood. Honors / Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas, sponsors Honors / NAACP Spingarn Medal (1977); United Nations Peace the Jessie Daniel Ames Lecture Series; alcove in the A. Frank Smith Medal (1982); modern dance’s prestigious Samuel H. Scripps Jr. Library at Southwestern University, Georgetown, honors her; American Festival Dance Award (1987). included in Invisible Giants: Fifty Americans Who Shaped the Nation Question / Find three Internet descriptions of Ailey’s dance But Missed the History Books (2002), edited by Mark Carnes. program Revelations. Give the URLs for each, then write about the Question / Find and copy the lyrics to the song “Strange Fruit.” theme in your own words. Do you think dance can promote better Do you think art and music should address horrific topics such understanding between cultures? If so, how? If not, suggest a better as lynching? Below the lyrics, write a paragraph expressing your way and describe it. opinion. Looping Question: Who supported the cause of workers in the Looping Question: Who founded the GI Forum to help Mexican San Antonio Pecan Shellers’ Strike in 1938? American veterans attain their benefits? Photo: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Carl Photo: PICB 13189, Austin History Center, Austin Public Library Van Vechten Collection, reproduction number LC-USZ62-54231 Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #5 Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #6 All for one and one for all. —J. T. Canales In this town there is no such thing as Methodist mumps, Baptist domestic troubles, Presbyterian poverty, or Catholic broken legs. —Henry Cohen Texas Curriculum Texas Curriculum Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #7 Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #8 I have no natural children. I have adopted the world. —Juanita Craft It has been full six weeks since I have found any man with the temerity to look us in the eye and say he opposed women’s voting in the face of the outrageous condition that has been proven to prevail in our state government. —Minnie Fisher Cunningham Texas Curriculum Texas Curriculum Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #6 Texas Civil Rights Trailblazers #5 Henry Cohen José Tomás (J. T.) Canales b. London, 4/7/1863 d. Galveston, Texas, 6/12/1952 b. Nueces County, Texas 3/7/1877 d. Brownsville, Texas, 3/30/1976 Active: 1888–1949 Active: 1905–1951 Biography / Rabbi Cohen of Galveston’s Temple B’nai Israel helped Biography / In 1919 State Representative J. T. Canales filed charges Jews and other immigrants who arrived at the city’s port of entry find against the Texas Rangers with documented cases of vigilante-style homes in Texas and beyond. As a lieutenant during World War I, Rabbi oppression of Mexican Americans in the lower Rio Grande Valley; as Cohen was responsible for getting the U.S. Congress to provide Jewish a result, the force was reorganized. A founder of the League of United naval chaplains. Serving on the Texas Prison Board during the 1920s, he Latin American Citizens (LULAC) in 1929, he worked for the organiza- successfully pushed for improved medical facilities, vocational training, tion’s growth and advancement. It was Canales who gave LULAC its and segregation of hardened criminals from first offenders. He made motto: “All for one and one for all.” In 1931 he was one of the attorneys daily bicycle trips around Galveston to help needy citizens regardless of in Del Rio ISD v. Salvatierra, the state’s first case challenging segregated their religion. “Mexican” schools, a question not finally resolved in Texas until 1971. Honors / University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, gives the Honors / J. T. Canales Distinguished Alumni Award given by the annual Rabbi Henry Cohen Humanitarian Award; Rabbi Henry University of Michigan Law School; J. T. Canales Elementary School Cohen Community House built by B’nai Israel; Texas Historical in Brownsville named for him; House of Representatives of the 79th Commission marker on the Galveston County Courthouse honors Texas Legislature paid tribute to him for his exceptional contributions him. (2005). Question / Use the Handbook of Texas Online and one other source Question / In addition to advocating civil rights for Mexican to (1) make a list of Rabbi Cohen’s accomplishments; and (2) write a Americans, J.