The Forefront of International Higher Education HIGHER EDUCATION DYNAMICS VOLUME 42 Series Editor Peter Maassen, University of Oslo, Norway, and University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands Johan Müller, Graduate School of Humanities, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa Editorial Board Alberto Amaral, CIPES and Universidade do Porto, Portugal Akira Arimoto, Hiroshima University, Japan Nico Cloete, CHET, Pretoria, South Africa David Dill, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA Jürgen Enders, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands Patricia Gumport, Stanford University, USA Mary Henkel, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom Glen Jones, University of Toronto, Canada SCOPE OF THE SERIES Higher Education Dynamics is a book series intending to study adaptation processes and their outcomes in higher education at all relevant levels. In addition it wants to examine the way interactions between these levels affect adaptation processes. It aims at applying general social science concepts and theories as well as testing theories in the fi eld of higher education research. It wants to do so in a manner that is of relevance to all those professionally involved in higher education, be it as ministers, policy-makers, politicians, institutional leaders or administrators, higher education researchers, members of the academic staff of universities and colleges, or students. It will include both mature and developing systems of higher education, covering public as well as private institutions. For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6037 Alma Maldonado-Maldonado Roberta Malee Bassett Editors The Forefront of International Higher Education A Festschrift in Honor of Philip G. Altbach Editors Alma Maldonado-Maldonado Roberta Malee Bassett Departamento de Investigaciones The World Bank, Europe and Central Educativas (DIE) Asia Region Centro de Investigaciones Avanzadas Washington, DC, USA (CINVESTAV) Colonia Granjas Coapa Distrito Federal , Mexico ISSN 1571-0378 ISBN 978-94-007-7084-3 ISBN 978-94-007-7085-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7085-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013949495 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Introduction . ix Alma Maldonado-Maldonado and Roberta Malee Bassett 1 The Complexity of Higher Education: A Career in Academics and Activism . 1 Philip G. Altbach Part I Academic Profession 2 Academe: A Profession Like No Other . 35 James J. F. Forest 3 How Does National Context Shape Academic Work and Careers? The Prospects for Some Empirical Answers . 49 Martin Finkelstein 4 Academic Drift in Brazilian Education . 61 Simon Schwartzman Part II Internationalization of Higher Education 5 Is Internationalisation of Higher Education Having an Identity Crisis? . 75 Jane Knight 6 The Different Faces and Phases of Internationalisation of Higher Education . 89 Hans de Wit 7 Internationalization Revisited . 101 Patti McGill Peterson and Robin Matross Helms v vi Contents Part III Academic Mobility 8 Redefining Academic Mobility: From the Pursuit of Scholarship to the Pursuit of Revenue . 115 Liz Reisberg and Laura E. Rumbley 9 Academic Mobility as Social Mobility or the Point of No Return . 127 Alma Maldonado-Maldonado Part IV Regional Perspectives 10 The Impact of Convergent Higher Education Reforms in European Countries . 141 Ulrich Teichler 11 Research Universities in Latin America: Public Policy and Political Constraints . 155 Jorge Balán 12 African Higher Education and Altbach’s Influence . 173 José Cossa 13 The Development of Private Higher Education in Japan Since the 1960s: A Reexamination of a Center-Periphery Paradigm . 183 Akiyoshi Yonezawa 14 Whither Innovations in Higher Education in India? . 195 N. Jayaram Part V Worldwide Perspectives 15 Global Diversity: Emerging Trends . 209 Heather Eggins 16 International Quality Assurance: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going? . 223 Judith S. Eaton 17 Tuition Fees, Student Loans, and Other Manifestations of Cost Sharing: Variations and Misconceptions . 235 D. Bruce Johnstone 18 The Contribution of Universities to Innovation: Insights from a Comparative Study of the Leading OECD Nations . 245 David D. Dill and Frans van Vught Contents vii 19 International Higher Education: Bridging Academia and Global Policy Development at the World Bank . 255 Roberta Malee Bassett and Jamil Salmi Part VI World-Class Universities 20 Forms of Capitalism and Creating World- Class Universities . 267 Jennifer Olson and Sheila Slaughter 21 Development and Prospect of World-Class Universities in East Asia and Beyond . 281 Qi Wang and Nian Cai Liu 22 Aspiring to ‘World Class’ Universities in Australia: A Global Trend with Intended and Unintended Consequences . 295 Lesley Vidovich and Jan Currie Part VII Epilogue: Philip G. Altbach—The Teacher 23 Philip Altbach: Through the Eyes of His Students . 311 David A. Stanfi eld 24 Final Remarks . 317 Roberta Malee Bassett and Alma Maldonado-Maldonado About the Authors . 321 Introduction Alma Maldonado-Maldonado and Roberta Malee Bassett (O)ne person can be a change catalyst, a “transformer” in any situation, any organization. Such an individual is yeast that can leaven an entire loaf. It requires vision, initiative, patience, respect, persistence, courage, and faith to be a transforming leader. Stephen R. Covey ( 1992 ) A. Maldonado-Maldonado (*) Departamento de Investigaciones Educativas (DIE) , Centro de Investigaciones Avanzadas (CINVESTAV) , Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Colonia Granjas Coapa, Mexico D.F. , 14330 Mexico City , Mexico e-mail: [email protected] R. M. Bassett The World Bank , Europe and Central Asia Region , 1818 H Street , NW, MSN: MC7-715, Washington, DC 20433, USA e-mail: [email protected] ix x Introduction This book is a celebration of a man’s life and career. In early 2011, Phil Altbach told us that he was transitioning toward retirement. We say transitioning because retirement does not appear to be a fi xed idea for Phil. Instead, it is a mere redistribu- tion of his efforts as they span between teaching, research, consulting, and service to the fi eld of international higher education. His imminent retirement, however he was defi ning it, drove us to envision a volume that would showcase Phil as the scholar, mentor, and peer that he is for colleagues around the world. The level of loyalty that Phil engenders from his broad circle of friends was evident throughout the planning of this volume. Since the chapters to come will examine Phil’s myriad contributions to an aston- ishing breadth of areas of higher education policy and practice, we will use this chapter to discuss the life of our friend and mentor. Phil grew up in Chicago and spent his formative years there, attending primary, secondary, and tertiary education there and meeting his lifelong work and life partner, his wife Edith Hoshino Altbach, there. It was at the University of Chicago where Phil completed, at age 25, his PhD in Comparative Education, with his thesis “Students, Politics, and Higher Education in a Developing Society: The Case of Bombay, India,” which also launched a lifelong connection with and commitment to India, a defi ning element of his academic work. From the University of Chicago, Phil went on to serve as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University from 1965 to 1967. His subsequent move in 1967 to the University of Wisconsin–Madison marked his fi rst academic job, and he remained in the academic staff at Madison until 1975, when he moved east to the State University of New York at Buffalo where he was professor from 1975 to 1994. Then, in 1994, Phil moved to Boston College, where he founded the Center for International Higher Education,