Collision Avoidance at Night............................13-5 Propeller Thrust Line........................................16-5 Approach and Landing .....................................13-5 Rotor Force .......................................................16-6 Trimmed Condition...........................................16-6 Chapter 14—Aeronautical Decision Making Origins of ADM Training......................................14-2 Chapter 17—Gyroplane Flight Controls The Decision-Making Process ..............................14-3 Cyclic Control .......................................................17-1 Defining the Problem........................................14-3 Throttle ..................................................................17-1 Choosing a Course of Action............................14-3 Rudder ...................................................................17-2 Implementing the Decision and Horizontal Tail Surfaces........................................17-2 Evaluating the Outcome ...................................14-3 Collective Control .................................................17-2 Risk Management..................................................14-4 Assessing Risk ..................................................14-4 Chapter 18—Gyroplane Systems Factors Affecting Decision Making ......................14-5 Propulsion Systems ...............................................18-1 Pilot Self-Assessment .......................................14-5 Rotor Systems .......................................................18-1 Recognizing Hazardous Attitudes ....................14-5 Semirigid Rotor System....................................18-1 Stress management ...........................................14-6 Fully Articulated Rotor System ........................18-1 Use of Resources ..............................................14-6 Prerotator ...............................................................18-2 Internal Resources........................................14-7 Mechanical Prerotator.......................................18-2 External Resources.......................................14-7 Hydraulic Prerotator .........................................18-2 Workload Management.....................................14-7 Electric Prerotator.............................................18-3 Situational Awareness.......................................14-8 Tip Jets..............................................................18-3 Obstacles to Maintaining Instrumentation......................................................18-3 Situational Awareness ..................................14-8 Engine Instruments ...........................................18-3 Operational Pitfalls.......................................14-8 Rotor Tachometer .............................................18-3 Slip/Skid Indicator ............................................18-4 Airspeed Indicator ............................................18-4 Altimeter ...........................................................18-4 IFR Flight Instrumentation ...............................18-4 Ground Handling...................................................18-4 GYROPLANE Chapter 15—Introduction to the Gyroplane Chapter 19—Rotorcraft Flight Manual Types of Gyroplanes..............................................15-1 (Gyroplane) Components...........................................................15-2 Using the Flight Manual........................................19-1 Airframe............................................................15-2 Weight and Balance Section.............................19-1 Powerplant ........................................................15-2 Sample Problem ...........................................19-1 Rotor System ....................................................15-2 Performance Section.........................................19-2 Tail Surfaces .....................................................15-2 Sample Problem ...........................................19-2 Landing Gear ....................................................15-3 Height/Velocity Diagram .............................19-3 Wings ................................................................15-3 Emergency Section ...........................................19-3 Hang Test...............................................................19-4 Chapter 16—Aerodynamics of the Gyroplane Autorotation...........................................................16-1 Chapter 20—Flight Operations Vertical Autorotation.........................................16-1 Preflight .................................................................20-1 Rotor Disc Regions...........................................16-2 Cockpit Management........................................20-1 Autorotation in Forward Flight ........................16-2 Engine Starting......................................................20-1 Reverse Flow................................................16-3 Taxiing...................................................................20-1 Retreating Blade Stall ..................................16-3 Blade Flap.........................................................20-1 Rotor Force............................................................16-3 Before Takeoff.......................................................20-2 Rotor Lift ..........................................................16-4 Prerotation.........................................................20-2 Rotor Drag ........................................................16-4 Takeoff...................................................................20-3 Thrust.....................................................................16-4 Normal Takeoff.................................................20-3 Stability .................................................................16-5 Crosswind Takeoff............................................20-4 Horizontal Stabilizer.........................................16-5 Common Errors for Normal and Fuselage Drag (Center of Pressure)..................16-5 Crosswind Takeoffs ..........................................20-4 Pitch Inertia.......................................................16-5 Short-Field Takeoff...........................................20-4 ix Common Errors............................................20-4 High-Altitude Landing....................................20-14 High-Altitude Takeoff ..................................20-4 Common Errors During Landing....................20-15 Soft-Field Takeoff.............................................20-5 Go-Around...........................................................20-15 Common Errors............................................20-5 Common Errors ..............................................20-15 Jump Takeoff................................................20-5 After Landing and Securing................................20-15 Basic Flight Maneuvers.........................................20-6 Straight-and-Level Flight..................................20-6 Chapter 21—Gyroplane Emergencies Climbs...............................................................20-6 Descents ............................................................20-7 Aborted Takeoff.....................................................21-1 Turns .................................................................20-7 Accelerate/Stop Distance..................................21-1 Slips..............................................................20-7 Lift-off at Low Airspeed and Skids.............................................................20-7 High Angle of Attack ............................................21-1 Common Errors During Basic Common Errors ................................................21-2 Flight Maneuvers ..............................................20-8 Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO) ............................21-2 Steep Turns .......................................................20-8 Buntover (Power Pushover) ..................................21-3 Common Errors............................................20-8 Ground Resonance ................................................21-3 Ground Reference Maneuvers...............................20-8 Emergency Approach and Landing.......................21-3 Rectangular Course...........................................20-8 Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear............21-4 S-Turns............................................................20-10 Turns Around a Point......................................20-11 Chapter 22—Gyroplane Aeronautical Decision Common Errors During Making Ground Reference Maneuvers ........................20-11 Impulsivity.............................................................22-1 Flight at Slow Airspeeds .....................................20-12 Invulnerability .......................................................22-1 Common Errors ..............................................20-12 Macho....................................................................22-2 High Rate of Descent ..........................................20-12 Resignation............................................................22-2 Common Errors ..............................................20-13 Anti-Authority .......................................................22-3 Landings ..............................................................20-13 Normal Landing..............................................20-13 Short-Field Landing........................................20-13 Glossary.................................................................G-1