agriculture Biodiversity of Vegetable Crops, A Living Heritage Edited by Massimiliano Renna, Pietro Santamaria, Angelo Signore, Francesco Fabiano Montesano and Maria Gonnella Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Agriculture www.mdpi.com/journal/agriculture Biodiversity of Vegetable Crops, A Living Heritage Biodiversity of Vegetable Crops, A Living Heritage Special Issue Editors Massimiliano Renna Pietro Santamaria Angelo Signore Francesco Fabiano Montesano Maria Gonnella MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Massimiliano Renna Pietro Santamaria Institute of Sciences of Food Production Department of Agricultural and CNR—National Research Council of Italy Environmental Science Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science University of Bari Aldo Moro University of Bari Aldo Moro Italy Italy Angelo Signore Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science University of Bari Aldo Moro Italy Francesco Fabiano Montesano Maria Gonnella Institute of Sciences of Food Production Institute of Sciences of Food Production CNR—National Research Council of Italy CNR—National Research Council of Italy Italy Italy Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ agriculture/special issues/biodiversity vegetable crops). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-720-9 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-721-6 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Beniamino Leoni. c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Massimiliano Renna, Angelo Signore, Francesco F. Montesano, Maria Gonnella and Pietro Santamaria Biodiversity of Vegetable Crops, A Living Heritage Reprinted from: Agriculture 2019, 9, 47, doi:10.3390/agriculture9030047 ............... 1 Roberta Spano,` Giovanna Bottalico, Addolorata Corrado, Antonia Campanale, Alessandra Di Franco and Tiziana Mascia A Protocol for Producing Virus-Free Artichoke Genetic Resources for Conservation, Breeding, and Production Reprinted from: Agriculture 2018, 8, 36, doi:10.3390/agriculture8030036 ............... 6 Stuart Alan Walters, Rachid Bouharroud, Abdelaziz Mimouni and Ahmed Wifaya The Deterioration of Morocco’s Vegetable Crop Genetic Diversity: An Analysis of the Souss-Massa Region Reprinted from: Agriculture 2018, 8, 49, doi:10.3390/agriculture8040049 ............... 18 Massimiliano Renna, Miriana Durante, Maria Gonnella, Donato Buttaro, Massimiliano D’Imperio, Giovanni Mita and Francesco Serio Quality and Nutritional Evaluation of Regina Tomato, a Traditional Long-Storage Landrace of Puglia (Southern Italy) Reprinted from: Agriculture 2018, 8, 83, doi:10.3390/agriculture8060083 ............... 29 Francesco Fabiano Montesano, Concetta Eliana Gattullo, Angelo Parente, Roberto Terzano and Massimiliano Renna Cultivation of Potted Sea Fennel, an Emerging Mediterranean Halophyte, Using a Renewable Seaweed-Based Material as a Peat Substitute Reprinted from: Agriculture 2018, 8, 96, doi:10.3390/agriculture8070096 ............... 44 Aurelia Scarano, Carmela Gerardi, Leone D’Amico, Rita Accogli and Angelo Santino Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Properties in Colored Tiggiano Carrots Reprinted from: Agriculture 2018, 8, 102, doi:10.3390/agriculture8070102 .............. 56 Karl Hammer, Vincenzo Montesano, Paolo Direnzo and Gaetano Laghetti Conservation of Crop Genetic Resources in Italy with a Focus on Vegetables and a Case Study of a Neglected Race of Brassica Oleracea Reprinted from: Agriculture 2018, 8, 105, doi:10.3390/agriculture8070105 .............. 64 Gennifer Meldrum, Stefano Padulosi, Gaia Lochetti, Rose Robitaille and Stefano Diulgheroff Issues and Prospects for the Sustainable Use and Conservation of Cultivated Vegetable Diversity for More Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Reprinted from: Agriculture 2018, 8, 112, doi:10.3390/agriculture8070112 .............. 80 Massimiliano Renna, Francesco F. Montesano, Angelo Signore, Maria Gonnella and Pietro Santamaria BiodiverSO: A Case Study of Integrated Project to Preserve the Biodiversity of Vegetable Crops in Puglia (Southern Italy) Reprinted from: Agriculture 2018, 8, 128, doi:10.3390/agriculture8080128 ..............101 v Lothar Frese, Maria B¨onisch,Marion Nachtigall and Uta Schirmak Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Implications for In Situ Conservation of Wild Celery (Apium graveolens L. ssp. graveolens) Reprinted from: Agriculture 2018, 8, 129, doi:10.3390/agriculture8090129 ..............123 Yuko Yamane, Jagath Kularatne and Kasumi Ito Diversity of Cropping Patterns and Factors Affecting Homegarden Cultivation in Kiboguwa on the Eastern Slopes of the Uluguru Mountains in Tanzania Reprinted from: Agriculture 2018, 8, 141, doi:10.3390/agriculture8090141 ..............143 vi About the Special Issue Editors Massimiliano Renna is a researcher at the CNR-ISPA (Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Italy). In 2013 he received his Ph.D. degree in Mediterranean Agronomy at the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy. From 2015 to 2018 he was a researcher at the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy. He is an advisory board member of the Academy of Mediterranean Biodiversity Sciences and a member of the Italian Society of Horticulture. His research interests include a broad range of aspects regarding vegetable products, with particular attention being paid to vegetable landraces and wild edible plants. He is the author of three books and more than 60 scientific papers published in national and international journals and proceedings of national and international conferences. Pietro Santamaria is an Associate Professor of the University of Bari Aldo Moro at the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science. He teaches vegetable crops for two master’s degree courses, soilless culture for the bachelor program “Agricultural Science and Technology”, and science communication and scientific publications at the PhD School in “Biodiversity, Agriculture and the Environment”. He coordinated the integrated project “Biodiversity of the vegetables of Puglia (BiodiverSO, 2014–2018)”. He is the author or co-author of more than 300 scientific publications including fourteen books (six monographs). Angelo Signore is a researcher of the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro (Italy). His research interests cover several aspects related to vegetables, including nitrates in leafy vegetables, soilless systems, agro-biodiversity, and the light spectrum. Together with Dr. Francesco Serio and Prof. Pietro Santamaria, he won the “Bram Steiner Award 2016” for outstanding research on the uptake of nutrients from nutrient solution by plants. He spent two years at Ghent University conducting studies on the influence of the light spectrum on the nitrate content in leafy vegetables. He is the author of more than 50 scientific papers published in national and international journals. Francesco Fabiano Montesano is a researcher at the CNR–ISPA (Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Italy). After receiving his Ph.D. in Mediterranean Agronomy at the University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ (Italy), Dr Montesano has been focusing his research activities on the sustainable use of inputs and resources in horticultural processes. His areas of interest includes greenhouse cultivation, soilless techniques, sensor-based management of irrigation and fertilization, optimization of mineral plant nutrition for the enhancement of nutritional quality of vegetables, alternative growing media, and enhancement of the role of agro-biodiversity in food systems. He is involved in research projects and initiatives on the abovementioned topics at the national and international level, and plays an active role in the scientific community, both as an author and by regularly serving as a peer reviewer and supporting editorial processes for many international journals. vii Maria Gonnella is researcher at the CNR-ISPA (Institute of Sciences of Food Production of the Italian National Research Council). Her research activity deals with vegetable production and quality under open field and greenhouse conditions, with particular attention paid to plant nutrition in relation to the organoleptic and nutritional quality of products and the sustainability of production. A wide range of species and varieties are the object of her studies, from wild genotypes to local landraces to cultivated varieties. She is the author of more than 40 scientific papers in national and international journals. viii agriculture Editorial Biodiversity of Vegetable Crops, A Living Heritage Massimiliano Renna 1,*, Angelo Signore 2, Francesco F. Montesano 1, Maria Gonnella