J Jacaranda acutifolia J. rhombifolia G. F. W. May., syn. auct. non-Humb. & Bonpl. J. filicifolia D. Don is grown in Indi- an gardens. Extracts of the plant show Synonym J. mimosifolia D. Don insecticidal properties. J. ovalifolia R. Br. Several species of Jacaranda are used Family Bignoniaceae. for syphilis in Brazil and other parts of South America under the names Habitat Cultivated in Indian carobin, carabinha etc. A crystalline gardens. substance, carobin, besides resins, Folk Nili-gulmohar. acids and caroba balsam, has been Action Leaves’ volatile oil—applied isolated from them. to buboes. Leaves and bark of the plant—used for syphilis and blennorrhagia. An infusion of the Jasminum angustifolium Vahl. bark is employed as a lotion for ulcers. Family Oleaceae. Habitat South India. The leaves contain jacaranone, ver- bascoside and phenylacetic-beta-glu- English Wild Jasmine. coside along with a glucose ester, jaca- Ayurvedic Bana-mallikaa, Vana- ranose. Flavonoid scutellarein and malli, Kaanan-mallikaa, Aasphotaa. its -glucuronide, and hydroquinones Siddha/Tamil Kaatumalli. were also isolated. Fruits contain beta- sitosterol, ursolic acid and hentriacon- Action Root—used in ringworm. tane; stem bark gave lupenone and Leaves—juice is given as an emetic beta-sitosterol. in cases of poisoning. The flowers contain an anthocyanin. Fresh flowers gave indole. In Pakistan, the flowers are sold as a substitute for the Unani herb Gul-e- Gaozabaan. The lyophylized aqueous extract of Jasminum arborescens Roxb. the stem showed a high and broad antimicrobial activity against human Synonym J. roxburghianum Wall. urinary tract bacteria, especially Pseu- Habitat Sub-Himalayan tract, domonas sp. Bengal, Central and South India. The fatty acid, jacarandic acid, iso- English Tree Jasmine. lated from the seed oil, was found to be a strong inhibitor of prostaglandin Ayurvedic Nava-mallikaa. biosynthesis in sheep. Siddha/Tamil Nagamalli. 342 Jasminum auriculatum Vahl. Folk Chameli (var.), Maalati (var.). Family Oleaceae. Action Leaves—astringent and Habitat Assam, Mizoram, stomachic. Juice of the leaves, with Meghalaya and Western Ghats. pepper, garlic and other stimulants, Ayurvedic Maalati (var.). is used as an emetic in obstruction of the bronchial tubes due to viscid Siddha/Tamil Ramabanam mullai. phlegm. Folk Chameli (var.). Action See Jasminum officinale. Jasminum auriculatum Vahl. Family Oleaceae. Jasminum heterophyllum Habitat Cultivated throughout Roxb. non-Moench. J India, especially in Uttar Pradesh Family Oleaceae. and Tamil Nadu. In Uttar Pradesh, cultivated on commercial scale in Habitat Nepal, North Bengal, Ghazipur, Jaunpur, Farrukhabad Assam hills, Khasi hills and and Kannauj for its fragrant flowers Manipur. which yield an essential oil. Ayurvedic Svarna-yuuthikaa (var.). Ayurvedic Yuuthikaa, Yuuthi, Folk Juuhi (yellow var.). Mugdhee. Action See Jasminum humile. Siddha/Tamil Usimalligai. Folk Juuhi. Action See Jasminum humile. Jasminum humile Linn. The leaves gave lupeol, its epimer, Synonym J. humile auct. non L. hentriacontane and n-tricantanol, J. bignoniaceum Wall ex G. Don. a triterpenoid, jasminol; d-mannitol; Family Oleaceae. volatile constituent, jasmone. The pin Habitat Sub-tropical Himalayas type pointed flower buds (long styled) from Kashmir to Nepal and in the on solvent extraction yielded higher Nilgiris, Palni Hills, Western Ghats concrete content rich in indole and and Kerala. methyl anthranilate, whereas thrum type (short styled) buds yield high- English Yellow Jasmine, Nepal er absolute with benzyl acetate as the Jasmine, Italian Jasmine. prominent constituent. Ayurvedic Svarna-yuuthikaa, Svarnajaati, Hemapushpikaa, Vaasanti. Jasminum flexile Vahl. Siddha/Tamil Semmalligai. Synonym J. azoricum Linn. Folk Juuhi (yellow var.). Jasminum officinale Linn. var. grandiflorum (L.) Kobuski. 343 Action Flower—astringent, cardiac Ethanolic extract of fresh leaves tonic. Root—used in ringworm. and flowers contain the secoiridoid The milky juice, exuded from lactones, jasmolactone A, B, C and incisions in the bark, is used for D; and secoiridoid glycosides. Jas- treating chronic fistulas. The plant molactone B and D and the secoiri- is also used for treating hard lumps. doid glycosides (multifloroside and -hydroxyoleuropein) exhibited va- The leaves gave alpha-amyrin, be- sodilatory and cardiotropic activities. tulin, friedelin, lupeol, betulinic, olea- nolic and ursolic acids; beta-sitosterol, -cinnamoyloxyoleoside--methyl- ester (jasminoside) and a secoiridoid Jasminum officinale Linn. var. glycoside. grandiflorum (L.) Kobuski. Synonym J. grandiflorum Linn. J Jasminum malabaricum Wight. Family Oleaceae. Family Oleaceae. Habitat North-Western Himalayas and Persia; cultivated in Kumaon, Habitat Deccan, West Coast, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Western Ghats and in the Nilgiris. Pradesh; in gardens throughout Ayurvedic Mudgara. India. Folk Mogaraa (var.), Ran-mogaraa. English Spanish Jasmine. Action See Jasminum sambac. Ayurvedic Jaati, Jaatikaa, Jaatimalli, Pravaaljaati, Saumanasyaayani, Sumanaa, Chetikaa, Hriddgandhaa, Jasminum multiflorum Maalati, Chameli. (Burm. f.) Andr. Unani Yaasmin. Synonym J. pubescens Willd. Siddha/Tamil Manmadabanam, J. hirsutum Willd. Mullai, Padar-malligai, Pichi, Malli J. bracteatum Roxb. Folk Chameli. Family Oleaceae. Action Flowers—calming and Habitat Sub-Himalayan tract and in moist forests of Western Ghats. sedative, CNS depressant, astringent and mild anaesthetic. A syrup English Downy Jasmine. prepared from the flowers is Ayurvedic Kunda, Kasturi Mogaraa. used for coughs, hoarsenesses Siddha/Tamil Magarandam, Malli. and other disorders of the chest. Plant—diuretic, anthelmintic, Folk Kasturi Mogaraa. emmenagogue; used for healing Action Diuretic, emetic. Boiled chronic ulcers and skin diseases. bark—applied on burns. Oil—externally relaxing. 344 Jasminum rottlerianum Wall. ex DC. Indian oil sample gave benzyl ac- English Arabian Jasmine, Tuscan etate ., benzyl benzoate ., phytol Jasmine, Double Jasmine. ., jasmone ., methyl jasmonate Ayurvedic Mallikaa, Madayanti, ., linalool ., geranyl linalool ., Madyantikaa, Nava-Mallikaa, eugenol ., isophytyl acetate ., and Shita-bhiru, Vaarshiki. isophytol .%. The leaves gave ascorbic acid, an- Unani Mograa. thranilic acid and its glucoside, indole Siddha Malligai. oxygenase, alkaloid jasminine and sal- Folk Belaa, Motiaabelaa; Mogaraa icylic acid. (Maharashtra). The flowers contain pyridine and nicotinate derivatives; tested positive Action Root—emmenagogue, for indole. blood purifier. Flowers—lactifuge. The flowers and leaf juice is used for Alcoholic extract—hypotensive. J treating tumours. Leaves—antibacterial; used against indolent and breast tumours. Dosage Dried leaves—– g The leaves contain the secoiridoid powder for decoction (API, Vol. glycosides, jasminin, quercitrin, iso- III.); Juice—– ml. (CCRAS.). quercitrin, rutin, quercitrin--dirham- noglycoside, kaempferol--rhamno- glycoside, mannitol, alpha-amyrin, Jasminum rottlerianum beta-sitosterol and an iridoid glyco- Wall. ex DC. side, sambacin. The absolute contains several pyridine and nicotinate deriva- Family Oleaceae. tives. Habitat Western Peninsula, from Dosage Decoction—– ml. Konkan southwards to Kerala. (CCRAS.) Ayurvedic Vana-mallikaa. Siddha/Tamil Erumaimullai, Kattumalligei, Uyyakondan. Jateorhiza palmata Miers. Action Leaf—used in eczema. Synonym J. calumba Miers. Family Menispermaceae. Habitat Indigenous to south-east Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Ait. tropical Africa. Imported into Family Oleaceae. India. Habitat Cultivated throughout English Calumba, Colombo. India, especially in Uttar Pradesh, Ayurvedic Kalambaka. (Coscinium on a large scale in Jaunpur, Kannauj, fenestratum Colebr., known as False Ghazipur and Farrukhabad for its calumba, is used as a substitute for fragrant flowers. J. palmata.) Jatropha glandulifera Roxb. 345 Siddha/Tamil Kolumbu. English Physic Nut, Purging Nut. Action Root—bitter tonic without Ayurvedic Vyaaghrairanda (var.), astringency, carminative, gastric Sthula-eranda, Kaanan-eranda. tonic, antiflatulent, hyptotensive, Siddha/Tamil Kattu Amanaku. orexigenic, uterine stimulant, sedative. Used in anorexia, Folk Bagharenda (var.). poor digestion, hypochlorhydria, Action Seed—highly toxic. Nut— amoebic dysentery and menstrual purgative. Plant—used for scabies, disorders. Antifungal. ringworm, eczema, whitlow, warts, Key application As appetite syphilis. Stem bark—applied to stimulant. (The British Herbal wounds of animal bites; root bark Pharmacopoeia.) to sores. The root gave isoquinoline alkaloids The protein of the seed contains the –%; palmatine, jaterorrhizine and its toxic albumin curcin (protein .%, J dimer bis-jateorrhizine, columbamine; curcin .%). bitters (including chasmanthin and Seed and seed oil—more drastic palmanin). Volatile oil contains thy- purgative than castor seed oil and mol. milder than Croton tiglium oil. The alkaloid jateorrhizine is seda- An aqueous (%) infusion of leaves tive, hypotensive. Palmatine is a uter- increased cardiac contraction is small ine stimulant. doses. EtOH (%) extract of aerial As calumba contains very little vola- parts—diuretic and CNS depressant. tile oil and no tannins, it is free from as- The seed contain phorbol deriva- tringency which is common with other tives. The plant also contains cur- bitter herbs. cosones and lathyrane diterpenes. The root alkaloids exhibit narcot- ic properties and side effects similar to morphine. It is