ABSTRACT Tatian’s Diatessaron in Latin: A New Edition and Translation of Codex Fuldensis Nicholas J. Zola, Ph.D. Mentor: Mikeal C. Parsons, Ph.D. When Tatian composed his Diatessaron in the second half of the second century, his text would have predated nearly all extant copies of the Gospels today. But his gospel harmony has not survived intact, either in Greek or Syriac. What we have instead are citations and translations. The oldest surviving translation is in Codex Fuldensis, a Latin NT commissioned by Victor of Capua between 541 and 546. Like all surviving translations, its text has been “vulgatized” to read like a standard version of the Gospels, in this case the Latin Vulgate. Scholars once assumed that Fuldensis was the sole parent of all medieval Diatessaronic harmonies, but closer examination in the last century revealed readings in these later vernaculars that seemed to disagree with Fuldensis but agree with Eastern Diatessaronic witnesses. Scholars therefore postulated that an “Old Latin” Diatessaron had somehow survived in the West and fed these vernaculars “unvulgatized” Diatessaronic readings. More recently, some have challenged that premise by demonstrating that certain “Old Latin” readings in the vernacular harmonies actually derive from medieval exegetical glosses—and sometimes simply from mistakes in the printed editions themselves. As a result, the entire Western Diatessaronic tradition is collapsing back into a single witness: Codex Fuldensis. However, the most recent—in fact, the only—edition of Codex Fuldensis is from 1868, by Ernst Ranke. It is known to contain errors and was produced at a time prior to all the major advancements of Diatessaronic studies. Moreover, Codex Fuldensis has never been translated into any modern language. The field is in dire need of an updated edition and translation, which is the aim of the current study. Chapter one provides an introduction to the manuscript and its role in the shifting perspective on the Diatessaron. Chapters two through four provide selected texts and translation of Fuldensis, with apparatus and commentary. Chapter five uses indicative errors in Fuldensis to test its relationship with two later harmonies, Codex Sangallensis and the Liège Diatessaron. Upon completion, this edition and translation of Codex Fuldensis is intended to become the definitive edition of the manuscript for years to come. Tatian's Diatessaron in Latin: A New Edition and Translation of Codex Fuldensis by Nicholas J. Zola, B.S., M.A. A Dissertation Approved by the Department of Religion W. H. Bellinger, Jr., Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved by the Dissertation Committee Mikeal C. Parsons, Ph.D., Chairperson D. H. Williams, Ph.D. Daniel Nodes, Ph.D. Accepted by the Graduate School May 2014 J. Larry Lyon, Ph.D., Dean Page bearing signatures is kept on file in the Graduate School. Copyright © 2014 by Nicholas J. Zola All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. ix Dedication .......................................................................................................................... xi Chapter One: Introduction to Codex Fuldensis ...................................................................1 Project Overview ...........................................................................................................1 A Latin Diatessaron .......................................................................................................6 An Old Latin Diatessaron? ...........................................................................................13 A New Edition of the Latin Diatessaron ......................................................................26 Description of the Manuscript ...............................................................................26 Notes on the Transcription .....................................................................................30 Notes on the Translation ........................................................................................33 Notes on the Apparatus ..........................................................................................35 Notes on the Commentary .....................................................................................40 Chapter Two: Selections from the Early Life of Jesus ......................................................42 Preface (F 1) .................................................................................................................42 Birth Narrative (F 2–11) ..............................................................................................43 Chapter Three: Selections from the Public Ministry of Jesus ............................................62 Sermon on the Mount (F 23–44) ..................................................................................62 Feeding of the Five Thousand/Walking on Water (F 81–82) ......................................82 v Chapter Four: Selections from the Final Days of Jesus .....................................................85 Passion Narrative (F 154–173) ....................................................................................85 Resurrection (F 174–182) ..........................................................................................136 Chapter Five: Conclusions ...............................................................................................153 State of the Question ..................................................................................................153 Using Leitfehler to Test Dependence on Codex Fuldensis ........................................154 Selection and Use of the Leitfehler ............................................................................159 Results ........................................................................................................................162 Final Thoughts ...........................................................................................................167 Appendix: Leitfehler in Codex Fuldensis ........................................................................169 Explanation of the Data .............................................................................................170 Readings from the Birth Narrative (F 2–11) ..............................................................172 Readings from the Sermon on the Mount (F 23–44) .................................................174 Readings from the Passion Narrative (F 154–173) ....................................................175 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................180 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Division of the selected texts and translation ........................................................5 Table 2. Layout of the front matter and harmony in Codex Fuldensis ..............................27 Table 3. Sample verse division in the new edition of Fuldensis ........................................32 Table 4. List of manuscripts cited in the apparatus ...........................................................38 Table 5. Sigla used for correctors in the apparatus ............................................................39 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS The following Latin manuscripts are cited in the textual apparatus. For further details and editions, see Bruce M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977), 285–362; and J. K. Elliott, “The Translations of the New Testament into Latin: The Old Latin and the Vulgate,” in ANRW 2.26.1 (ed. H. Temporini and W. Haase; Berlin: de Gruyter, 1992), 198–245. Vulgate Manuscripts: Old Latin Manuscripts: A Amiatanus (VII-VIII) aur Aureus Holmiensis (VI-VII) B Bigotianus (VIII) a Vercellensis (IV) C Cavensis (IX) b Veronensis (IV-V) D Dublinensis (IX) c Colbertinus (XI-XII) DŠ Durmachensis (VI-VII) d Cantabrigiensis (Bezae) (V-VI) Δ Dunelmensis (VI-VIII) (Latin portion of D in Greek) E Egertonensis (IX) δ Sangallensis (IX) F Fuldensis (VI) (Latin portion of Δ in Greek) G Sangermanensis (IX) e Palatinus (IV-V) H Hubertanus (IX-X) f Brixianus (VI) I Ingolstadiensis (IX) ff1 Corbeiensis I (VIII) J Foro-Juliensis (VI-VII) ff2 Corbeiensis II (V) K Grandivellensis (Karolinus) (IX) k Bobiensis (IV-V) Θ Theodulphianus (IX) l Rehdigeranus (VII) L Lichfeldensis (VII-VIII) m Speculum Pseudo-Augustine (V) M Mediolanensis (VI) q Monacensis (VI) N Augustodunensis (V) r1 Usserianus I (VI) O Oxoniensis (VII) P Perusinus (VI-VII) Abbreviations in the Appendix: PŠ (no name) (VI-VII) F Codex Fuldensis Q Kenanensis (VII-IX) Š Stuttgart Vulgate S Stonyhurstensis (VII) R Rushworthianus (IX) Vg Vulgate T Toletanus (X) It Old Latin V Vallicellianus (IX) Gk Greek W Codex Willelmi de Hales (XIII) Syr Syriac X Corporis Christi (VII) Y Lindisfarnensis (VII-VIII) Tar Arabic Diatessaron Z Harleianus (VI-VII) Sg Codex Sangallensis Σ Sangallensis (V-VI) Li Liège Diatessaron Where the Stuttgart Vulgate and the Wordsworth and