MATCH-FIXING IN CRICKET A SELECTED ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT Of THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Maittt of ILihvatvHibrarp anft^formatio ani^nl n ^cirucc By NAZISM SARWAR Rot! No. 2KLSM-25 Enrol. No. Y-2402 Under the supervision of Miss. SUDHARHA HARIDASAN DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) -. 2001 DS33U9 Dedicated O 2221/2yp t)CZ2^ ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH ••6 Dh„.,» fEPBX : 700916, 20-23, 26 Ext. 193/4 DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY f-none j ^.^^^^ . 700039 AND Fax: 91-0571-400528,401221 INFORMATION SCIENCE Ref. No. Dated... CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Miss Nazish Sarwar has completed her dissertation entitled "Match Fixing in Cricket", in partial fulfillment ^fihe requirements for the degree of Master of Library and Information Science. She has conduct the work under my supervision. Miss. SiiJfifffHfaTTaridasan Lecturer CONTENTS Page No. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i-ii Scope and Methodology i-iii PART-I Descriptive Part 1-38 Introduction PART-II 3 9 List of Publications 40-221 Bibliographical Part Bibliography with Annotations PART - III Alphabetical Index Parts Author Index 222-228 Title Index 229-238 All praises and thanks to Almighty Allah, "He who taught the use of the pen taught the man which he knew not", for choosing kind people during difficult times to guide md help me in the study. I have no words to describe the contribution of my supervisor, MISS SUDHARMA HARIDASAN, Lecturer, Department of Library and Information Science, A.M.U., Aligarh in completion of this task. He has always provided shelter to me against all odds. He has been a source of inspiration to me in my difficult moments. Isincerely wish to express thanks lo my respected Chairman, MR. S. MUSTAFA ZAIDI and PROF. SHABAHAT HUSAIN for their entire support. I am also sincerely wish to express thanks to all my respected teachers Deptt. of Library and Information Science, Mr. Asif Fareed Siddiqui, Mr. Masoom Raza, Mr. Naushad Ali PM and Miss Nishat Fatima. I am also grateful to MR. SHAMIM HAIDER MOHD. RAIS, Incharge of Periodical Section and other staff members. I am extremely thankful to DR. FAIZAN MUSTAFA, Director of Teaching and Guidance and PROF. NOORUL HASAN Librarian, A.M.U.. Aligarh. I would also like to thanks some of the friends SHAISTA HASNAIN, SHAILA FATIMA, SHANE ALAM and FAISAL BHAI because of their substantial contribution I am unable to collect data within a short time. Finally no words could possibly express my deepest gratitude to my parents. There loving encouragement and many sacrifices could never be forgotten. This piece of work is humbly dedicated to my father MR. SARWAR MUSTAFA KHAN. NAZISH SARWAR Aim & Scope All the counters of the world not only in the test matches rather in one days too were found involved. It is separate factor that some wise officials of certain country/countries tried their level test to favour the players of their country/countries. However the outsiders made their efforts to change the nature of theteam sprit and they made it the source of income. No doubt the mental horizens of themost players have been changed. Methodology : The primary source were consulted in the following libraries. (i) Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. (ii) Coaching and Guidance Cell, AMU, Aligarh. Standard Followed : The Indian standards recommended for bibliographical references (18:2381-1963) and classified catalogue code (CCC) of Dr. S.R> Ranganathan have been followed. In some cases were IS! do not give any guidance, I have taken apropriate decision. Arrangement : The entries are arranged under subject heading which are arranged alphabetically, following letter by letter method. The entry elements of the author is on capital and small letters and then title of the articles. subtitle (if any) tiien name of the periodical being underlined followed by the volume number issue num.ber, the year, month and date giving by using inclusive notation of the pages of the articles. Entries of periodical articles are arrnaged as follows : (a) Serial number (b) Name of the Author/Authors. (c) A full stop (.) (d) Title of the contribution including subtitle and alternative title if any. (e) A full stop (.) (f) Title of periodical beign underlined. (g) A full stop (.) (h) Volume Number (i) Comma (,) (j) Issue number (k) Semi Colon (;) (I) year (m) Comma (,) (n) Month (o) Comma (,) (p) Date (q) Semi colon (;) (r) Inclusive pages of the articles (s) A full stop (.) Abstract : The entry's in the bibliography contains abstract given the essential information about the articles. Attempts have been made topapers indicative abstract; so that in most of thecases users needs are fulfilled with abstract itself. Subject Heading : Attempts have been made to give co-extensive subject headings much as possible, it will facilitate the readers to find out desired articles (s) from this bibliography. Index : The Index part contains the author index, and title index arranged alphabetically The index guides to the specific entry or entries in the Bibliography It is hoped that it will be found useful in consultation of the bibliography. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Title Place Frequency 1. Frontline Madras Fortnightly 2. India today New Delhi Weekly 3. Sportster Madras Weekly 4. Week New Delhi Weekly 5. Krickettalk New Delhi Weekly 6. Outlook New Delhi Fortnightly 7. Times of India New Delhi Daily 8. Hindustan Times New Delhi Daily Part one INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION yet the game and the bet have walked hand in hand for centuries, although not always with happy results. Cricket in the 18'" and early 19*" centuries was the object of much wagering and at one period this grew to such proportions that it brought the game into disrepute nearly 20,000 Pounds inside the history of sports has many murky chapters on sullied sportsmen and administrators. The greatest of all sporting scandals occured as far back as in 1919 almost 10 years later Pete Rose Klas found guilty of betting on the outcome of baseball games. Soccer, perhaps the most popular sport has not been immune from the stench of scandal either. In 1993, Olympique Marseilles became the first French Club to win the European Cup, through a Basile Boli goal to beat the mighty AC Milan. Mere months later, the club president Bernard Tapic Klas on his Kaly to fact after it emerged that Marseilles had paid Valenciennes money to lose a vital French first division game. Italian football was torn asunder by a whole series of match-fixing scandals that saw the fans questioning the very foundations of the beautiful game" in Italy. Jim Thorpe Klas stripped off two Olympic medals in 1912 for trying semi-professional baseball in 1908. The medal was returned in 1982. The rest, as they say, is history, Rossi going on to score six goals as the Azzurri captured the World Cup for the third time. In the midst of all the euphoria surroundings the World Cup win, all former transgressions were forgive and Rossi once more took his place as a national icon. There have been other instances too of matches where some skulduggery was suspected to have taken place but could never be proved. Most prominent among such instances was American Football's NFL Championship game in 1940. Play on home turf, the Washington Redskins led by the legendary Sammy Baugh, were at the wrong end of a 73-0 massacre. Though some columnists saw it as a triumph for the revolutionary formation pioneered by Chicago Bear's head coach George Halas, others were less than convinced about the legitimacy of the result what added fuel to the fire was the fact that the Redskins had beaten the Bears 7-3, in a tight defensive battle, just three weeks previously. Boxing has always been stigmatised by its underworld connections. La Motta's Mob connection prevented him from achieving true boxing immortality and also contributed in no small measure to his descent to the depths of prison life. La Motta's is a tragic story, and a reminder of sport and the murky world of betting have become inexorably linked. Cricket crucified for cash. This was the title suggested Infest by Ces Wallace, sports editor of The Herald for a story on the drawn Sydney test of the 1958-59 series. The test was seemingly drawn deliberately in order to ensure a full house for the final test at Melbourne. This was before the days of match-fixing but that heading could aptly be used to project current happenings in the game. These days no cricketer will ever be seen sharing a cycle rickshaw as Polly Umrigar and G.S. Ramchand were said to have done during the 1958 test against the West Indies at Kanpur. For today, a test cricketer lifestyle is like that of a highly paid company director and good luck to him. Hence most of the controversies later revolved round the selection of captains and officials. The ugliest of them all concerned the incidents which occurred during the 1936 tour of Vizzy's team in England, leading to the return home of Lala Amarnath for insubordination. There were other sordid happening like Vizzy's instruction to Mushtaq to get Merchant run out. But the only money transaction was the presentation of sovereigns to opposing fast bowlers by Vizzy. Incidentally, Justice Meaumont who was appointed to inquire into the unsavoury events turned in a report which was a non-committal as justice Chandrachud's. Most of the other issues were raised by the media, like that in 1946 when the Nawab of Pataudi (Senior) beat Vijay Merchant in the race for the India captaincy by the narrow margin of two-votes - one of them belonging to an official who was held hostage in a toilet for over an hour, with the promised to vote for Pataudi.